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Group fitness programs are available to any individual, aimed at preserving health, improving cardiac efficiency and muscle strength, or physical condition. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of programmed instruction high-low and step aerobics on motor skills of seven grade elementary school female students. The survey was conducted on a sample of 75 seventh grade female students of "Vozd Karadjordje" elementary school from Leskovac, who were divided into two experimental groups (N = 50) and a control group (N = 25). The effects of the program high-low and step aerobics followed in the area of motor abilities (11 variables). The experimental factor was a separately programmed instruction high-low and step aerobics, for eight weeks, three times a week and realized within the curriculum of regular physical education classes. The control group attended the program content of physical education classes in the seventh grade prescribed by the Curriculum, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia. Once realized the experimental program, there was a statistically significant difference in most of the motor variables. The results showed that the program high-low and step aerobics, contributed the improvement of motor skills of students in most of the studied variables, compared to students in the control group. The results point to the positive aspects of group fitness program to preserve the proper growth and development of children and their recommendation that could be reliable basis and recommendation of modern physical education teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern rhythmic gymnastics the possession of the quality speed by all means influences the physical preparation and final success of the gymnasts. There is not sufficient information in the specialized literature about the parameters of speed abilities in this sport. There is lack of scientifically proven methods and programs for their development. The research was done with 43 gymnasts, divided into two groups, and the task was to check the transitory state of speed in its sensitive period of development. The analysis from the motor tests gives reasons to believe that the practical work is one-sided and not efficient enough for development of speed in the researched group of 10-12-year-old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study has been conducted of patients with edema of knee joint, divided into control and experimental group. In the experimental group, in addition to the traditional methods of kinesitherapy, is also included kinesio-taping. Studied is the effect of its application on edema of the operated knee after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in moderate-protective period. For this purpose is held a centimetria of the joint slit of the healthy and the damaged knee and are studied its changes after applied programs of kinesitherapy on both methods. Established is the efficiency of the kinesio-taping method at the indicated pathology. The results of the conducted study confirm our supposition about the efficiency of kinesio-taping method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical training and physical development of pupils in primary school achieved both in the lesson and in various forms of extracurricular work in physical education and sport. Athletics in extracurricular activities brought great demands on the motor and moral and volitional qualities of adolescents. With specific tools used in the process of learning it optimizes their personal formation and improve their physical abilities. In this regard, interest are the authors' research. The place and role of athletics to improve the overall physical fitness of students aged 8-10 year sofor this purpose was developed and put into practice a program - a model of athletic exercises and games taking into account its efficiency. The experimental work was conducted in 2013 - 2014, by students aged 8-10 (boys and girls) a total of 40, divided into two groups - an experimental (E g. - 20 pcs.) And control (C gr. - 20 pcs.) To account for the overall physical fitness of us applied the modified test battery designed to account for the basic physical characteristics of students. Development program - a model of athletic exercises and games suitable for training students of 8-10 years in extracurricular activities in athletics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very often, because of its intensity and nature plyometric training can lead to injuries. The very structure of a plyometric training is such that it requires the adaptation of muscle from an eccentric to a concentric contraction. Aqua plyometric training has recently become more popular due to a significantly lower probability of injury. The aim of this study is to compare and determine the effect of the aqua plyometric training on the leg explosive strength as compared to the conventional plyometric training. This survey was administered to thirty participants, divided into three groups. The control group (K) was regularly attending physical education classes, group (P) included plyometric training on dry ground, group (AP) included plyometric training in 1.30 cm deep water. Using Myotest and the execution of the half squat jump (SMJ) and squat jump (SJ) following variables were identified: Height, Power, Force, and Velocity. Plyometric training lasted for six weeks, with two 50-60 minutes sessions per week. During a six-week program of plyometric and aqua-plyometric testes we reached the conclusion that both programs have a positive effect on the lower extremities explosive power, but there is no significant difference between the groups involved in an exercise program in the final measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speed represents the ability of the muscle tension in the composition of motor units determined by the body or body parts to travel a long distance in the shortest possible time. Speed is a multidimensional motor ability, mainly manifested through: 1) latency motor response 2) individual movement speed 3) speed of frequency movements 4) sprint speed. Explosive power is the ability of muscles to activate a large number of motor units in the shortest possible time, displaying as much force as possible. The whole body vibration training is a modern training method and is becoming the main prop in improving athletes 'performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vibration training on the lower extremities explosive strength and speed in basketball players. The study comprised thirty male subjects divided into two groups: a control group (K) and experimental (E) group that was involved in vibro training, each groups comprising fifteen subjects. By Myotest and half squat jump (SMJ) and squat jump (SJ) following variables were determined: Height, Power, Force, Velocity.-Applying tests for speed and agility variables for each test were obtained: running time at 5m, 10m, 20m, T-test, Zig-Zag test, L-test. Vibration training lasted for six weeks, was administered three times a week, with the complete period of stimulation per session of 16 minutes, with three sets of eight repetitions, each repetition last 40 seconds. Six-week whole body vibration training leads to significant changes in the explosive power parameters of the sig = 0.000, which cannot be said for speed and agility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to make the interactive educational methods applicable to the extracurricular form of "Physical training and games" and to reveal their influence on the motor development of students at the age of 10. Main tasks: 1. Research on the efficiency and influence of the interactive education on the motor development of the students studied. 2. Revealing the main factors of the increased interest, for the motor activity of students and for modelling lasting patterns for their independent activity in physical training and sport. We carried out our experimental work with students at the age of 10 and in the period between 15th September 2012 and the end of May 2013. The persons studied were 85, trained at different schools in the town of Ruse: "Vasil Levski" Secondary School, "Yordan Yovkov" Secondary School, "Friedrich Schiller" German Language School and The Secondary School with the Study of European Languages. The students were separated into two groups: experimental (E Group)--45 students totally, boys and girls at the age of 10; and a check group (C Group) with 40 students at the same age. Within the experimental group we used specialised methods for interactive education of students practicing basic track and field exercises (main body "Track and field") and applied them into the sports training and games during their spare time. For the students from the check group we used standard educational methods stipulated in the extracurricular studies of physical training and sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents experimental method for the improvement of the coordination and motor skills such as speed, agility and endurance performance of 9 - 11- year old badminton players. Totally 72 boys and girls participated in the research, divided into two groups - experimental and control one. Traditional training methodologies with the control group were used; in the experimental group, an experimental program was implemented. Surveying implemented experimental method, positive impact on the development of the studied abilities was obtained. Developed, practice and science based programme and specific method for the improvement of the initial training of 9-11-year old badminton players positively influence their physical ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of velocity-force and force agility complexes in the form of circular exercises with pronounced interval-variable method on basketball players is object of study in the current paper. The results show the advantage of this methodology compared to the method used so far. A group of 25 female basketball players from the University has been formed, practicing two times a week for a fourteen week sessions. At the beginning and end of this period, control tests were conducted on fourteen indicators. Concentric training with small rest breaks between individual "sections" with relevant exercises helps to improve both the physical qualities and some technical capabilities such as shooting from the foul line and on the move. 14 test controls were used to cover the anthropometric, physical and technical qualities of the female players. Data is processed using statistical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was developed a diagnostic system for the study of spatial orientation of children as part of physical education in the preparatory classes for school. In this context, we aim to conduct research and identify opportunities of physical education to develop children's spatial orientation of the preparatory group for school. The number of children studied from the experimental and control groups were 138, divided by gender. To achieve the goals and objectives we used 7 indicators, which we reduced to one after checking their reliability. Within the conducted experiment it was determined the condition of the mentioned orientation in children in Bulgaria. Through the experiment we identified the age and gender characteristics and the development intensity of orientation during the year, as natural process of mental and physical development, without directed impact. Also it was elaborated a technological model for the development of children's spatial orientation. A pedagogical experiment (developing) in practice was conducted, for evaluation of the model. Through a comparative analysis of the results, in the control and experimental groups, were identified the aspects of performance of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global Postural Re-Education (RPG) is an innovative method of posture correction developed by the French physiotherapist Philippe E. Souchard. A RPG session comprises of a series of specific muscle chain stretching positions, which evolves gradually from an intial position with minimum tension, and then applying progressive stretching until a final tension is reached through the end position. This final position depends on each person s condition, and which motor coordination chain is affected. The RPG method has been widely used in clinical practice, with reported benefits for prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal dysfunctions. Although the method is widely used clinically, the literature is still scarce and provide controversial results. The current study aims to evaluate the efficacy of RPG method in the treatment of postural impairments. Forty six volunteers university students (aged 17 to 25 years old), with postural impairments, were randomly divided into two treatment gi-oups. The RPG group (n=22) performed muscle chain stretching, while the control group (n=24) performed conventional physiotherapy program, including symmetrical exercises for the trunk muscles. After intervention, the RPG group showed a statistically significant correction of postural impairments, correction of compensations, pain and symptoms relief in a long-term, increasing in muscle strength, endurance and balance, which was maintained at a 9-month follow-up. The control group showed no significant change in part of these parameters after intervention or at follow-up. A RPG treatment approach appears more effective than conventionally used physiotherapy program in the treatment of postural impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research was to define the effects of implementing additional exercise to active exercise time of students in physical education classes of gymnastics. This research was experimental, and it involved four 2nd year high school classes. The method of chronometric measurement of engagement of the students during the class was applied within this experimental treatment. The students of the experimental classes displayed much better active exercise time on classes, which proves the positive effect of introduction of supplemental exercises in physical education classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this research was to determine the influence of the suggested experimental program of physical education of motor abilities of the experimental group of pupils. The research purpose was also to determine the influence of the current curriculum concerning teaching physical education of motor abilities of the control group of pupils. The experimental program was carried out on the sample of 185 first-grade pupils of the elementary school, age of 7 years ±6 months. The applied experimental program was composed of athletics exercises, sports games, exercises on the pieces of equipment and on the floor, rhythmics and dancing exercises and some additional exercises. The control group was taught according to the current curriculum. 12 metrical instruments were used to estimate motor abilities. In order to evaluate the influence of the experimental programme on motor abilities of the pupils it is necessan' to determine if there are possible differences between the abilities of the pupils of the experimental and control groups in the initial measurement, therefore a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied, and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. The multi variant analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and univariant analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were applied in order to determine the effects of the experimental program. On the basis of the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the experimental program has significant influence on the changes all of the motor abilities. Comparing the influence of the two programs, it was concluded that both of them caused the change in motor abilities, but the experimental program had more significant contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to determine how much is the specially programed performance of physical education, with increased demands and application of additional exercises, influenting the functional abbilities. Research had a longitudinal caracter, and experimental program was carried out on the sample of 185 first-grade pupils of the elementary school, age of 7 years ± 6 months. The sample is divided into two groups: experimental group 106 and control one 79 pupils. Six metrical instruments were used for evaluation of functional abilities of pupils. Final data processing included only the examinees that participated at initial and final measurement. Basic statistic parametars were calculated by processing of data during initial and final measuring. The multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were applied in order to determine the effects of the experimental program. Based on retrieved results it could be concluded that specially programed performance of physical education had a significant influence on changing the most functional abbilities of pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research involved a total sample of 102 man pupils from 3rd and 4th grade of elementary school. The subjects were classified in an experimental and a control group. The battery for the evaluation of coordination consists of the following tests: MPON, MSL3, MONT The experimental group was made of 54 man pupils and they were exercising according to the planned instructions where the basketball training process played the primary role. The control group of 48 man pupils was practicing according to official instructional plan and program for PE of the Republic of Serbia. Research data was processed using MANOVA Considering the difference of the influ-ence of the treatment, it can be pointed out that the experimental program, with all its characteristics, widely contributed to all its segments to the improvement of coordina-tion in whole, while the treatment of the control group which represented the official actual program for PE for younger man pupils did not give better re.mlts in any of the segments of motoric ability of coordination of the examined man pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to develop and implement in practice an effective system of communication in teaching tennis to students in third time for extracurricu-lar sports and games and to reveal its impact on physical activity of students. The sur-vey we made during the period from September 15, 2008 until the end of April 2009 with a 9-year-olds. Their total number is 30 from 49 Primary School Benito Juarez, Sofia. There are two groups: experimental (E g), total 15 pes., Boys and girls and con-trol (C g), total 15 pes., Boys and girls. In the control group students worked with the standard methodology for tennis training in hours for sports and games. In the exper-imental group applied a model developed by us, including effective communication styles for tennis training in the out class form for sports and games. Findings confirm the argument for the necessity of application of combined styles of communicating with students in teacher hours for sports and games for elementary education in tennis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this research was to determine the influence of the sug-gested experimental program of physical education of motor abilities of the exper-imental group of schoolgirls. The research purpose was also to determine the influ-ence of the current curriculum concerning teaching physical education of motor abilities of the control group of schoolgirls. The experimental program was carried out on the sample of 97 (56 in the experimental group and 41 in the control group) first-grade schoolgirls of the elementary schools in Leposavic and Zvecan, age of 7 years +/- 6 months. The applied experimental program was composed of athlet-ics exercises, sports games, exercises on the pieces of equipment and on the floor, rhythmics and dancing exercises and some additional exercises. The control group was taught according to the current curriculum. 12 metrical instruments were used to estimate motor abilities. In order to evaluate the influence of the experimental programme on motor abilities of the schoolgirls it is necessary to determine if there are possible differences between the abilities of the schoolgirls of the experimental and control groups in the initial measurement, therefore a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied. In view of determining how much each group has made progress during the experimental treatment in all applied variables in motor area, we have used student's t-test, which tests differences between the ini-tial andfinal states for each variable separately. On the basis of the results and dis-cussion, it can be concluded that the experimental program has significant influ-ence on the changes all of the motor abilities. Comparing the influence of the two programs, it was concluded that both of them caused the change in motor abilities, but the experimental program had more significant contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine if six weeks of plyometric training can improve an athlete s quickness. Subjects were divided into two groups, a plyo-metric training group performed in a six week plyometric training program and the control group did not perform any plyometric training techniques. All subjects par-ticipated in two quickness tests: T-test and quickness test both pre and post experi-mental program. The univariate ANOVA revealed a significant group effect for the T-test and for quickness test. The results of this study show that plyometric training can be effectiva training to improve an athlete s quickness [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training program (with free weight and machines) for young athletes that are already engaged in regular training process for several years. The study participants (n= 28) were young basketball players. The experimental group performed a 12 week, wholebody resistance-training. The measures of power were obtained via a computerinterfaced FÎTROdyne dynamometer attached to the barbell. A device measured maximal power at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of 1RM at bench press for each subject. Although both groups increased their maximal muscular power and strength the magnitude of increase was significantly different between them (P < 0.01). Resistance training program induced less changes than previously observed, probably because the subjects were already involved in training process for several years and were already well adapted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to establish and evaluate the effect of a motor exercise program to reduce chronic low-back pain syndrome and functional recovery of the spine in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. The study included 60 women with osteopenia aged 50 - 65 complaining of chronic back pain. 30 women (experimental group - EG) held stretching, strength and equilibrium exercises, walking and folk dancing. The control group (CG - 30 women) performed 2-3 walks per week with a duration of 50 - 60min. The results after six months of observation showed reduced pain intensity and disability index, regulation of muscle balance, improved mobility of the spine, the physical and mental health status, self-evaluation health statistically more reliable for the experimental group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]