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THE RAPID INCREASE IN URBAN POPULATIONS HAS HEIGHTENED THE NEED FOR EFFICIENT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, MAKING THE CONCEPT OF SMART CITIES ESSENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT. SMART CITIES LEVERAGE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) TO ENHANCE URBAN FUNCTIONS, INCREASE THE QUALITY OF LIFE, AND PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. THROUGH ADVANCED SENSORS, INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) DEVICES, AND DATA ANALYTICS, SMART CITIES GATHER REAL-TIME INFORMATION TO SUPPORT DECISION-MAKING BY MUNICIPALITIES, BUSINESSES, AND CITIZENS. KEY COMPONENTS INCLUDE SMART ENVIRONMENT, SMART TRANSPORTATION, DIGITAL ECONOMY, SMART GOVERNANCE, AND SMART LIVING. THIS PAPER EXPLORES VARIOUS DEFINITIONS OF A SMART CITY AND EXAMINES THE ROLE OF CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS 5G, SMART ENERGY SYSTEMS, WASTE MANAGEMENT, AND BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN IMPROVING INFRASTRUCTURE AND URBAN SUSTAINABILITY. BY ENABLING DATADRIVEN APPROACHES TO INFRASTRUCTURE, SECURITY, AND SUSTAINABILITY, THESE TECHNOLOGIES CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO ADDRESSING URBAN CHALLENGES. ADDITIONALLY, THIS PAPER IDENTIFIES ESSENTIAL SUCCESS FACTORS, SUCH AS HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, CITIZEN-CENTRIC DESIGN, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT, AND A FOCUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, WHICH DRIVE THE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART CITY PROJECTS. AS CITIES EVOLVE, THESE INNOVATIONS PRESENT OPPORTUNITIES TO OPTIMIZE RESOURCES, REDUCE COSTS, AND CREATE MORE RESILIENT, EFFICIENT, AND LIVEABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NOWADAYS, THE NEED FOR AN INDIGENOUS MODEL OF CITIZENSHIP CULTURE IN THE WORLD'S METROPOLISES IS INEVITABLE AND MANDATORY. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO STUDY AND PRIORITIZE THE COMPONENTS OF CITIZENSHIP CULTURE IN THE METROPOLISES OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN. THE RESEARCH METHOD IS LIBRARY AND FIELD. DATA COLLECTION TOOLS INCLUDED IN-DEPTH LIBRARY STUDIES AND EXPERT QUESTIONNAIRES. THE MODEL INCLUDES THREE LEGAL, FUNCTIONAL AND VALUE DIMENSIONS OF CITIZENSHIP CULTURE AND ALSO INCLUDES 13 MAIN COMPONENTS. DUE TO THE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE RESEARCH MODEL, THE METHOD OF HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS PROCESS BASED ON THE AGGREGATION OF EXPERT OPINIONS AND BASED ON (GRAYNUMBER THEORY) TO EXAMINE AND PRIORITIZE EACH OF THE DIMENSIONS AND COMPONENTS OF THE CITIZENSHIP CULTURE MODEL OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN. THEREFORE, IN GENERAL, IT CAN BE SAID THAT THE PRESENT STUDY IS A MIXED TYPE THAT EMPHASIZES QUALITATIVE-QUANTITATIVE DATA. HENCE, THE THEORETICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL PARADIGM ON WHICH THIS RESEARCH IS BASED IS A KIND OF INTERPRETIVE-POSITIVIST MIX. THE RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THIS ARTICLE INDICATE THAT AMONG THE DIMENSIONS OF CITIZENSHIP CULTURE, THE VALUE DIMENSION OF CITIZENSHIP CULTURE HAS MORE PRIORITY THAN OTHER DIMENSIONS ACCORDING TO EXPERTS. AT THE SAME TIME, THE LEGAL AND DUTY ASPECTS HAVE ALSO BEEN OF GREAT IMPORTANCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE MAIN GOAL OF THIS RESEARCH STUDY IS TO PRESENT A DATA MINING MODEL BASED ON A DECISION TREE TO INCREASE THE SECURITY OF USERS' INFORMATION IN THE USE OF ELECTRONIC SERVICES. TO DETERMINE THE SECURITY OF USERS' INFORMATION IN THE USE OF ELECTRONIC SERVICES. THEREFORE, BASED ON THE DATA AVAILABLE IN THE DATABASE OF 4376 CUSTOMERS OF ELECTRONIC SERVICES IN THE BANK OF AGRICULTURE, THE DATA WAS ANALYZED IN THE DATA MINING MODELS OF CLASSICAL DECISION TREE, NAIVE BIZ, RANDOM FOREST, ROOT TREE, DEEP LEARNING AND NEURAL NETWORK. THEREFORE, BY RUNNING THE RAPIDMINER SOFTWARE, THE OUTPUT OF THE MODEL WAS ANALYZED IN THE PARAMETERS OF ACCURACY, CLASSIFICATION ERROR PERCENTAGE, KAPPA COEFFICIENT AND ABSOLUTE ERROR, AND THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE CLASSIC DECISION TREE MODEL AND THE RANDOM FOREST MODEL WERE THE BEST WITH 99.42 PERCENT EACH. HAVE WHILE THE ROOT TREE IS NOT IN A GOOD CONDITION WITH 87.88, IN RELATION TO THE CLASSIFICATION ERROR, THE CONDITIONS OF THE CLASSIC DECISION TREE AND DECISION FOREST MODELS AND THEN THE NEURAL NETWORK MODEL WERE FOUND TO BE MORE SUITABLE THAN OTHER DATA MINING MODELS; IN RELATION TO THE KAPPA ERROR, THE CLASSICAL DECISION TREE AND RANDOM FOREST OBTAINED A MORE FAVORABLE SITUATION THAN OTHER METHODS WITH 0.989, ALSO IN RELATION TO THE ABSOLUTE NORMAL ERROR, THE CLASSICAL DECISION TREE AND RANDOM FOREST EACH SHOWED A LOWER ERROR WITH A RATE OF 0.039. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE HEALTH OF TRANSGENDER INDIVIDUALS ARE AT HIGH RISK IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. THE TRANSGENDER INDIVIDUALS ARE DESTITUTE OF BASIC HEALTH REQUIREMENTS IN THESE COUNTRIES. EVEN THOUGH TELEMEDICINE SATISFACTION QUESTIONNAIRE (TSQ) AND TELEHEALTH USABILITY QUESTIONNAIRE (TUQ) ARE CONSIDERED VALID AND RELIABLE INSTRUMENT IN DEVELOPED ECONOMIES. BUT IT CANNOT BE INVESTIGATED YET FOR TRANSGENDER INDIVIDUALS IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES ESPECIALLY IN PAKISTAN. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO INVESTIGATE THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE URDU VERSION OF TSQ AND TUQ. DATA WAS COLLECTED USING CONVENIENCE SAMPLING TECHNIQUE. A TOTAL OF 350 TRANSGENDER INDIVIDUALS FROM FOUR (LAHORE, FAISALABAD, RAWALPINDI AND GUJRANWALA) MAJOR CITIES OF PUNJAB WERE PARTICIPATED IN THIS STUDY. THE RESULT SHOWED THAT URDU VERSION OF TSQ AND TUQ ARE CONSIDERED VALID AND RELIABLE. THEREFORE, THIS URDU VERSION CAN BE USED OF FUTURE STUDIES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WITH THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY'S ACCESS TO TRANSPARENT INFORMATION AND THE MOVEMENT OF MONOPOLY MARKETS TOWARDS FREE COMPETITION AT THE REGIONAL AND GLOBAL LEVELS, NEW NEEDS HAVE BEEN RAISED IN BUSINESSES AND COMPANIES HAVE BECOME AWARE OF SOCIAL ISSUES. ONE OF THE MOST RECENT CONCEPTS RAISED IN THIS FIELD IS THE CREATION OF SHARED VALUE. ACCORDING TO THE DEFINITION OF THE SHARED VALUE OF LEADERS OF LEADING COMPANIES, THEY SHOULD CONSIDER SOLVING MAJOR SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN PROFITABLE WAYS. DESPITE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS CONCEPT IN THE LAST 18 YEARS BY MICHAEL PORTER AND HIS COLLEAGUES IN THE FSG CONSULTING GROUP AND HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL, THIS FIELD HAS NOT BEEN FAVORED BY OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT RESEARCHERS. THIS RESEARCH, WHILE INTRODUCING THIS CONCEPT TOWARD MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, STATING THE GOALS AND WAYS TO ACHIEVE IT AND EXAMINING ITS DEMANDS IN THE PUBLISHED ARTICLES OF THIS FIELD, TO EXPLAIN THE REQUIREMENTS OF MOVING TOWARDS SHARED VALUE AND SCIENTIFIC NEEDS IN THE FIELD OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE BY USING THE STUDY OF ARTICLES AND INTERVIEWS CONDUCTED WITH EXPERTS AND EXPERTS HAVE PAID. BY AND LARGE, THIS PAPER IS A CRITICAL REVIEW TO ILLUSTRATE THE CHALLENGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF THE MENTIONED CONCEPTS THROUGH THE FIELDS OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS RESEARCH PAPER AIMS TO PROVIDE AN ASSESSMENT OF COUNTRY RISKS ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA).NOWADAYS, FORIEGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) HAS STRONG AFFECT TO RISK COUNTRY. MANY COUNTRIES CHECK THE COUNTRY RISK OF THAT TO UNDERSTAND THEY CAN PERFORM INVESTMENTSIN THAT COUNTRY OR NOT. THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH STUDY IS FINDING ACCORDING TO COUNTRY RISK, HOW MUCH THEY CAN GET FDI AND EVALUATED THEY PERFORMANCE ABOUT IT IN THE MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES. FIVE COUNTRIES HAVE BEEN SELECTED AND THEN THEY EVALUATED BY DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) FOR FINDING THE BEST PERFORMANCE OF COUNTRIES FROM 2005 TO 2020. THE RESULT INDICATES THAT AMONG THESE COUNTRIES, EXCLUSIVELY TURKEY AND THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES HAD OBTAINED BEST PERFORMANCE REGARDING ABSORBING FDI ACCORDING TO THEIR COUNTRY RISK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS RESEARCH PAPER FOCUSES TO CAPTURE CHANGES IN STATISTICAL PROPERTY BEFORE AND AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT. WE COLLECTED SAMPLE DATA FROM JANUARY 2018 TO SEPTEMBER 2021 FOR TWO RANDOMLY SELECTED STOCK MARKETS, SUCH AS: BELGIUM (BRUSSELS STOCK EXCHANGE) AND INDONESIA (JAKARTA STOCK EXCHANGE). THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS PAPER IS TO TEST CHANGES IN NORMALITY PATTERN CONSIDERING AUGMENTED DICKER FULLER TEST AND TO DEMONSTRATE CHANGES IN RETURN PLOTS USING LOESS FITNESS, AND WITH ESTIMATED DENSITY PLOTS. THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC HAD A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF STOCK MARKETS, WHILE THE GLOBAL ECONOMY HAS BEEN SEVERELY AFFECTED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]