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This study adds to the literature on energy studies on exploring for the first time to the best of our comprehension the importance of alternative measures of economic globalization indicators on energy-based demand in the context of economic complexity dynamics for 1971 to 2018 across a panel set of 63 countries classified as high-income (HIE), upper-middle-income (UME) and lower-middle-income countries (LME). Empirical results based on the panel ARDL model demonstrate i) the long-run relationships between economic complexity, economic globalization with energy demand; ii) economic complexity appears to increase energy-based demand in the short run, but it would reduce energy-based demand in the long run; iii) economic globalization is found to have decreasing effects in the short run and increasing effects in the longer run-on energy demand in LMEs and UMEs, while it has mixed effects in HIEs. The results suggest that policies supporting economic complexity would be a good strategy to aim at economic development while controlling for the increasing effects of globalization on energy demand to achieve long-term sustainable development. • Investigating the role of alternative measures of economic globalization on energy demand. • Across 63 countries segregated across varying income groups for the period 1971 to 2018. • The context of economic complexity dynamics is also explored. • Long-run relationships between economic globalization with energy demand is validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to unveil the heterogeneous impacts of import product diversification and institutional factors for achieving energy efficiency in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. In doing so, the study employs robust econometric techniques such as Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) co-integration, pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), pool mean group regressions, fixed effects, and random effects for panel data from 1990 to 2015 for selected OECD countries. The detailed empirical outcomes suggest that import product diversification is conducive to reducing the energy and carbon intensity (improvement in energy efficiency) in OECD countries. The empirical conclusions provide various guidelines to achieve cleaner and greener growth and align with various Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy, SDG 9: Industry, innovation, and infrastructure, and SDG 13: Climate action) of OECD countries. The paper elaborates fruitful policy suggestions regarding the diversification of imports and energy use-carbon emission-nexus for the OECD member nations. Based on the findings, policymakers and environmental scientists should strengthen the trade-energy and import portfolio policies to attain energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the impact of an environmental tax on carbon emissions for the G7 nations from 1994 to 2014 and the importance of the major drivers of emissions such as energy use, economic complexity, natural resources rent and economic growth. The study also verifies the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for the G7 countries and explores the marginal effects of an environmental tax on traditional energy consumption, natural resources rent and renewable energy consumption. This paper's unique contribution is that it investigates for the first time the moderating role of an environmental tax on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, natural resources rent and CO 2 emissions. The results suggest that environmental taxes effectively reduce emissions for the G7 countries and confirm that the marginal effects of the environmental tax on traditional energy consumption, natural resources rent and renewable energy consumption rise with the level of taxation in a statistically significant way. The findings indicate that strict environmental tax laws will allow businesses to shift production towards cleaner methods. Finally, the paper proposes that redistributing tax revenues to the research and development of sustainable technology programmes would empower the nations to achieve the United Nations' SDG-7 and SDG-13 goals. Flow Diagram on the nexus between emissions, tax, economic complexity, energy and economic growth. [Display omitted] • The paper analyses the effects of economic complexity on carbon emissions. • Environmental tax affects directly carbon emissions. • Environmental tax lessens the effect of energy consumption and natural resources. • Environmental tax amplifies the effect of renewable energy consumption. • The EKC hypothesis is validated for economic complexity in G7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the core objectives in Sustainable Development Goals of developed and emerging economies is to enhance the renewable energy consumption level to overcome environmental challenges. However, little is known about the export product diversification impacts on renewable energy consumption. The prime objective of this study is to explore the effects of export diversification, extensive margin and intensive margins on renewable energy consumption using a panel data of 14 countries (G-7 and E-7) spanning the period of 1990–2017. Current study is based on panel cointegration analysis, FGLS and FMOLS techniques, where the renewable energy consumption is given as a function of export diversification, economic growth, industrialization, trade openness and natural resources. The empirical findings show that product diversification policies have positive effects on renewable energy demand for developed and emerging economies. Interestingly, our results illustrate that the nonlinear hypothesis is valid between export diversification and renewable energy for the sample countries, while the threshold level and direction are different for both panels. • The impact of export product diversification on renewable energy consumption is examined. • G-7 countries and E-7 countries over 1990–2017 are analyzed. • Empirical results show that export diversification significantly influence renewable energy consumption. • The non-linear hypothesis between export diversification and renewable energy is confirmed for G-7 and E-7 countries. • Natural resources and International trade significantly influence renewable energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The G7 countries consist of some of the world's most economically developed nations. However, alongside such robust economic growth performances, the environmental qualities in these countries have simultaneously aggravated to raise deep concerns among the stakeholders. Hence, this study is designed to empirically examine the environmental effects of nuclear and renewable energy consumption, economic complexity, and economic growth in the context of the G7 countries for the period between 1995 and 2016. To ensure novelty, this study considers carbon footprints along with carbon dioxide emissions to measure environmental quality in the context of the G7 nations. The results reveal that although nuclear energy consumption is effective in mitigating carbon dioxide emissions and carbon footprints in the long run, renewable energy consumption degrades the environment in the G7 countries. Besides, the results also suggest that the G7 countries can transform their production processes in an environmentally friendly manner provided they can undergo a clean transition in energy use. Finally, economic growth is evidenced to be detrimental for the environment since higher economic growth levels are seen to boost both carbon dioxide emission and carbon footprint levels. Therefore, in line with the findings, this study recommends the G7 countries to significantly enhance their nuclear and renewable energy consumption levels, increase their economic complexity indices, and integrate environmental welfare policies within their economic growth strategies. • Determinants of CO 2 emissions and carbon footprints are evaluated in G7 countries. • Renewable energy use boosts CO 2 emissions and carbon footprints. • Nuclear energy use curbs CO 2 emissions and carbon footprints. • Economic complexity reduces CO 2 emissions and carbon footprints. • Economic growth stimulates CO 2 emissions and carbon footprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving sustainable environmental development, while further avoiding environmental degradation is an unprecedented challenge for policymakers. This article aims to explore whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds if the relevant carbon emissions modelling approach includes both energy consumption and the Konjunkturforschungsstelle (KOF) globalization index. The analysis is performed through panel methods and for 67 developed and developing countries, spanning the period 1971–2018. The empirical results demonstrate that there is a significant and positive association between globalization and carbon emissions. At the same time, higher GDP increases carbon emissions, while higher coal energy also leads to higher emissions, with the coefficient of the squared GDP turning out to be negative, which lends amble support to the validity of the EKC hypothesis. The findings of this article might be helpful in policy making regarding overall energy structure, carbon emissions, and globalization trends in developing and developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the dynamic interdependence between CO 2 emissions, real gross domestic product (GDP), renewable and non-renewable energy generation, urbanization, and export quality for both the top ten renewable energy and top ten economic complexity index (ECI) countries. The techniques of panel cointegration, long-run FMOLS, DOLS, and Granger causality are used spanning the period 1980–2014. Long-run estimates suggest that, for the top ten renewable energy countries, only renewable energy generation contributes to mitigating CO 2 emissions, while the other variables lead to increase emissions levels in the long-run. However, for the case of leading complex economies, the empirics highlighted the significant role of renewable energy in carbon mitigation. Exports quality leads to decrease emissions level and real GDP, non-renewable energy and urbanization contribute to the rise in emissions. Interestingly, for the top ten renewable energy countries, Granger causality analysis mentioned a two-ways short-run relationship between renewable energy generation and export quality and one-way causality from export quality to CO 2 emissions. The findings mention that adopting clean technologies using renewable energy might act as a key tool for export quality improvement and mitigation of CO 2 emissions. Results are related to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-7: using more renewable, affordable energy; SDG-8: sustainable economic growth and decent employment for all, SDG-13: regulating emissions and promoting renewable energy) and discussed in this sense. • Dynamic interdependence between CO 2 emissions, energy generation, and exports quality is examined. • Panel data is used for renewable energy and economic complexity countries. • Export quality tend to have positive effects on CO 2 emissions. • Non-renewable energy induces pollution levels. • Renewable energy mitigates CO 2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]