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Renewable portfolio standard is an effective administrative tool to guide the behavior of electricity producers and impact the renewable energy diffusion. However, currently the renewable energy quota is generally set to be static and the efficiency is limited. In this paper, we proposed a dynamic renewable portfolio standard policy and we aimed to analyze how it will impact the renewable energy diffusion in China. The connections between electricity producers were simulated under both the perfectly competitive market and monopoly market. And a networked evolutionary game approach is applied considering dynamic linking between the electricity producers. The results show that dynamic quota policy is effective in promoting the proportion of wind power generation from 20% to 59.17% and promoting the proportion of solar power generation from 20% to 79.25%. With the sensitivity analysis, we found that renewable energy quota and the on-grid price are the most influential parameters. The proportion will reach 76.47% if quota is 0.7 and 68.1% if on-grid price is 630 Yuan/MWh. And the influence of tradable green certificate prices and generation cost is limited in promoting renewable energy diffusion. This paper offers the Chinese government a potential implementation for the perfection of national renewable energy diffusion. [Display omitted] • Propose a novel dynamic renewable portfolio standard scheme. • Analyze the influences of different kinds of the electricity market. • Investigate parameters affecting the wind power and solar power generation. • Establish dynamic networked evolutionary game models. • Dynamic linking is considered when the connections of players change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed energy systems are becoming increasingly popular worldwide. The 100% renewable energy system can be an important energy supply alternative to reduce the carbon emissions and address energy shortage, especially for remote areas. However, the performance of 100% renewable energy system (RES) at community level needs further detailed analysis, which is affected by the climates, availability of renewable energy and local energy markets. This paper proposes a design optimization framework of 100% renewable energy systems for low-density communities and investigates the system performance. To investigate the integration and performance of 100% RES, thirty typical cities located in different regions of China were chosen considering different climates, geographical features, and renewable energy distributions. By taking the economic performance as the optimization objective, the optimal design for the 100% RES is obtained, and the energy and economic performance is analyzed. Results show that, under the current energy market conditions, the 100% RES is feasible for low-density communities in most regions of China. The payback periods of the systems in most cities are less than six years. When the cost of PV is reduced by half considering future technological developments, the payback period of a 100% RES can be reduced by 30%–60%. This paper would provide design suggestions and application recommendations in regard to promoting 100% RES in China. • Application of 100% renewable energy system at community level is studied. • 30 zones are selected considering climates, renewable energy sources and markets. • Solar energy and biomass can contribute to over 90% of the total energy supply. • Investment of 100% RES can be paid back in 6 years for most regions. • Payback periods can be reduced by 30%–60% when PV technology is further developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty alleviation is an important work of the Chinese government in recent years. According to the international poverty standards of the world bank, China's poverty reduction population accounts for more than 70% of the world. Photovoltaic poverty alleviation is a significant way for regions rich in solar energy resources to transform the advantages of renewable energy resources into the driving force of social and economic development. It is also an effective means for China to implement power poverty alleviation. While promoting emission reduction in these regions, it accelerates economic development and implements targeted poverty alleviation. This paper analyzes the comprehensive benefits of typical market entities of photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects, and establishes the environment, economic and social benefit evaluation models for poor households, the state and government, photovoltaic enterprises and grid corporation. In the model, we creatively put forward an index system to characterize the poverty alleviation effect, and consider the additional industrial benefits brought by photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects. Finally, a typical photovoltaic poverty alleviation project in Haiyuan County, Northwest China is selected to verify the feasibility of this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China, India, and the USA are the world's biggest energy consumers and CO 2 emitters. Being the leading contributors to climate change, these economies are also at the core of environmental solutions. This paper investigates the causal relationship among solar and wind energy production, coal consumption, economic growth, and CO 2 emissions for these three countries. To do so, we use an advanced methodology in Machine Learning to verify the predictive causal linkages among variables. The Causal Direction from Dependency (D2C) algorithm set CO 2 emissions as the target variable. The obtained results were disaggregated and estimated in a supervised prediction model. The findings, confirmed by three different Machine Learning procedures, showed an interesting output. While a reduction in overall carbon emissions is predicted in China and the US (resulting from the intensive use of renewable sources of energy), India displays critical predictions of a rise in CO 2 emissions. This indicates that curbing CO 2 emissions cannot be achieved without conducting a comprehensive shift from fossil to renewable resources, although China and the U.S. present a more promising path to sustainability than India. Being an emerging renewable energy leader, India should further enhance the use of low-carbon sources in its power supply and limit its dependence on coal. • Renewable energies, coal consumption, economic growth, and CO 2 we examine. • We investigate the causal predicted relationship on China, India, and the USA. • An advanced methodology in Machine Learning is used. • India has a prediction of an increase in emissions of CO 2. • China and the U.S. present a more promising path to sustainability than India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing generation of renewable energy and its concurrent technological innovation are driving the transformations of the energy sector, but little effort has been made at the regional level to specify the heterogeneous impacts of different types of renewable energy development on multi-dimensional energy security. Therefore, this paper establishes a four-dimensional energy security assessment system based on the current energy market situation and economic context of China. Renewable energy generation and technological innovation were simultaneously used as the core proxies for renewable energy development. Then, the panel quantile regression method was used to analyze the heterogeneity of the impact of solar, hydro, and wind energy on energy security, covering 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2019. The empirical results show that renewable energy power generation generally promotes energy security, but it cannot be effectively applicable to all levels of energy security. Renewable energy technology innovation has surprisingly hindered energy security. These results can serve as a policy and practical guide, suggesting that provincial governments in China should implement energy security and renewable energy policies in line with local characteristics. • The redefined provincial energy security presents obvious spatial heterogeneity. • Panel quantile regression was applied to balanced provincial panel data. • Hydropower contributes only to medium and low levels of energy security. • Wind and solar power contribute differently to all levels of energy security. • Renewable energy technological innovation impedes energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the large-scale integration of wind and solar power in China, the consumption of these intermittent renewable energies is severely restricted by the capacity of the transmission channel, which leads to massive renewable energy curtailment. Therefore, it would be beneficial to use limited transmission channels to absorb as much renewable energy as possible. In this paper, we propose a chance constraint-based multistage nested hydro-wind-solar coordinated optimal scheduling model to aid peak shaving while ensuring maximum power generation. First, multistage partitioned section chance constraints are introduced to mitigate the power congestion of the transmission network. Then, based on the principle of using hydropower to complement the uncertainty of wind and solar power, the compensation chance constraints are considered. To quantify the uncertainty of wind and solar power, their prediction errors are analyzed using the Gaussian mixture model. Finally, the model is recast and linearized into a mixed integer linear programming model. A case study of a hydro-wind-solar base in Southwest China demonstrates that the proposed model can effectively leverage the regulation ability of hydropower to coordinate multiple power sources with the restrictions of multistage transmission sections, effectively alleviating the congestion of transmission channels and reducing the curtailment of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renewable energy power generation (REPG) in China has experienced tremendous growth in the last decade. To understand this rapid growth, it is necessary to explore how Chinese government triggers the remarkable development of the industry. This paper offers a systematic analysis of the incentive policy system for REPG in China, covering wind power, solar photovoltaic, small hydropower (single-unit power generation capacity less than 50 MW), biomass power and geothermal power. The incentive system contains laws, regulations, policies and industrial plans issued during the 11th and 12th “Five-year Plan” periods (2006–2015). Four major incentive strategies of the Chinese government are identified: research and development incentives, fiscal and tax incentives, grid-connection and tariff incentives, and market development incentives. The results show these incentive methods have played a significant role in promoting the development of REPG in China, but still there are some problems associated with them. International comparisons of the incentive policies with those of Denmark, Germany and US, as well as the strategies to further improve the Chinese incentive approaches are discussed. This comprehensive analysis of China's incentive policy system for REPG helps to understand China's experience in promoting renewable energy, contributing to better decision-making in policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Creating better understanding between environmental quality and energy use, this paper collects 150 household energy use data sets, using questionnaires, from households in Lanzhou, China. Converted to kilograms of coal standardized energy equivalent, urban energy usage is calculated at a yearly rate of 490.37 kgce/a per capita and 1598.61 kgce/a per household. Types of emissions are also specified. Coal is the dominant energy source, and maximum environmental benefit is shown to be gained from substituting natural gas and solar energy for coal, and specific measures for substitution are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, energy consumption has increased considerably, and this has increased pressure on energy production. On the other hand, this pressure has greatly assisted in the development of the renewable energy in the past two decades. This paper reports the latest developments in the solar thermal utilization in China. A great deal of successful examples of solar thermal utilization are presented. Issues of most concern and interest, which are resisting a further development of solar thermal utilization, have been identified and discussed. A prediction for the prospect of solar energy thermal utilization in China is also presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]