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Green finance and renewable energy are aimed at enhancing the world's economy and environmental sustainability. This study examines the link between green finance, renewable energy investment, green economic recovery, and environmental performance in G-20 countries. We employ a quantile regression model based on the 2010–2020 to estimate the effects of green economics and digital banking on environmental preservation. This study empirically demonstrated the integration of these variables. The pooled mean group estimation results imply that non-emerging countries and nations with more vital technologies or sustainability strategies may gain from environmental performance. Digital finance affects operating performance more than economies of scale according to the effect mechanism test. Green finance boosts energy-environmental performance more in regions with less-developed credit and capital markets. In developing countries and those with low levels of green finance, green financing facilitates green innovation. However, it negatively affects green product innovation in industrialised countries with high levels of green innovation or sustainability policies. The empirical findings have policy implications for developing nations to foster green innovation and improve environmental performance. • Green finance and environmental sustainability were examined. • We employed quantile-on-quantile regression. • Green finance boosts the environmental sustainability in G-20 economies. • Green finance boost environmental performance in G-20 regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green finance is an effective policy instrument in mitigating climate change, but to date little is known about its impact on carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions. This study extends the literature on the relationship between green finance and CO 2 emissions while taking trade openness and economic development into consideration to comprehensively explore the conservation/feedback hypothesis using the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag–Error Correction Model (ARDL–ECM) on data collected from 2000 to 2019. By constructing a green finance index comprising green credit, green securities, green insurance, and green investment, results include the following. (1) Support was found for the conservation hypothesis running from green finance, trade openness, and economic development to emissions per capita; the conservation hypothesis also was supported for the unidirectional relationship running from trade openness and economic development to green finance. (2) Green finance is found to be significantly and negatively related to emissions per capita in both the short and long term. (3) Trade openness shows a positive effect on emissions per capita. Robustness tests are provided. This study deepens policy implications of green finance in the post-pandemic era and highlights the moderating role of renewable energy in the green finance impact on carbon mitigation. • This study constructs a green finance index for China. • The autoregressive distributed lag–error correction model is employed. • Green finance contributes to carbon mitigation in both the short and long run. • CO 2 emissions are Granger result of green finance, trade openness and economic growth. • Trade openness and economic growth are Granger causes of each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian economies in contrast with other developing economies appear to be the lowest in competition when it comes to achieving sustainable development. The reason is connected with energy security and non-renewable energy as these are one of the key issues which are confronted by these nations. Therefore, the current study proclaims to investigate the crucial factors that play a bigger role in sustainable development. These factors are measured in the context of adjusted net savings and the study extracted the data from 10 Asian economies covering the time period of 1990–2020. The study adopted panel estimation, slope heterogeneity, co-integration, and CS-ARDL techniques to estimate the coefficient. Whereas, for robust analysis, AMG and CCEMG techniques were used. The findings revealed that REW energy, economic growth, and financial development altogether enhance adjusted net saving and reduce non-REW energy consumption. It is recommended in the study that the sample countries should adopt the required provisions in renewable sectors. • Renewable energy, financial development, and economic growth increase adjusted net savings. • Energy is a crucial enabler of sustainable development goals (SDGs) since it boosts productivity. • To achieve sustainable development, it has become imperative to meet the ever-increasing energy demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research explores the effect of economic growth, technological innovation, trade openness, and industrialisation on energy intensity in the BRICS economies using a dataset from 1990 to 2019. Furthermore, this study evaluates the combined effects of industrialisation and technological innovation on energy intensity. We employed second-generation approaches such as Westerlund co-integration, method of moments quantile regression (MMQR), and panel causality. In addition, we conducted a robustness analysis by using the long-run estimators including the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and fixed effect-ordinary least square (FE-OLS). The MMQR allows for a heterogeneous income-energy intensity nexus at different conditional quantile distributions of energy intensity, which the conventional mean regressions would generally ignore. The empirical evidence from the MMQR confirms that economic growth and industrialisation contribute to higher energy intensity; meanwhile, trade openness and technological innovation decrease the energy intensity. The combined effects of industrialisation and technological innovation reduce energy intensity in the BRICS economies. The outcomes from the MMQR are supported by the DOLS, FMOLS, and FE-OLS estimators. Furthermore, the causal interaction between the energy intensity drivers is also investigated using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality tests, which reveal that industrialisation and technological innovation Granger cause energy intensity. Meanwhile, a bidirectional causal interaction between economic growth and energy intensity is found, as well as between trade openness and energy intensity. Policymakers must design industrial policies that promote technological innovation, which is the mechanism of inhibiting industrialisation. • MMQR applied using BRICS Data. • Economic growth and industrialisation lead to higher energy intensity. • Trade openness and technological innovation decrease the energy intensity. • The joint effects of industrialisation and technology innovation are stronger. • Bidirectional causality exist between model variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on examining the impact of R&D and industrialization on green economic growth. Financial assistance for environmentally friendly initiatives, the advancement of new technologies, and the growth of a green economy may all be achieved via green financing. Because of this, it is a key driver of green economic development and industrial structural change. This investigates the impact of renewable energy, R&D, and industrialization on the green economic growth of the South Asian region from 2008 to 2020. The endogeneity of this connection is addressed using a two-step ordinary least square (O.L.S.). The findings show that upgrading industries and R&D reduce carbon emissions and achieve green economic recovery. As a result, 33.4% of the energy was saved, and 35.2% of the emissions were reduced. The partial mediation impact findings show the policy's affecting framework. The empirical results showed that technology spillover had the most responsibility to minimize tiers of CO 2 emissions, accompanied by improvements in industrial structure change. Our findings suggest that developing nations gain more from the industrialization initiative than developed countries because of the stronger economic impacts of the strategy. • There is a dire need to measure the relationship between green finance and renewable energy. • The development of green economic growth, R & D and green finance has been measured. • The green economic growth rate reduces for every unit increase in green finance. • The latent variables account for more than half of the natural variation in all relevant variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the role of energy intensity, green economic factors, and blue economic factors to achieve sustainable economic growth in gulf countries. Additionally, we analyze the role of studied factors in view of Saudi Vision 2030. The findings of asymmetric ARDL report that labor and marine trade are the contributing factors of economic growth in gulf countries. However, the factors have improved in post-Vision 2030 estimations. The negative shocks in energy intensity leads towards sustainable economic growth. The positive shocks in renewable energy, grants, marine trade, and marine tourism are key factors for economic development. In country wide analysis, we recommend gulf countries need to widely focus on green and blue economic factors. For green indicators, research and innovation need extensive reforms to participate in sustainable economic development. In reviewing of the blue factors, we recommend reforms in fishery and marine tourism sectors. • The study uses panel asymmetric ARDL technique. • We investigate the role of energy, green and blue economic factors in GCC countries to achieve sustainable growth. • We confirm the significance of grants and marine trade in green economic indicators and blue economic indicators. • Post Vision 2030, marine tourism is playing its role in sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the global economies are in pursuit of achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) agenda, it has become pertinent to undergo an energy transition and enhance energy use efficiency in tandem. This is creating a disparity in the renewable energy generation, which is arising out the structural transformation of the economies. Against this background this study aims to assess the impacts of structural transformation on inequality in renewable energy productivity across selected OECD countries between 1990 and 2019. This study is important from the perspective that due to inequitable economic growth trajectory attained by the OECD nations, the renewable energy consumption levels of the OECD nations display significant amount of disparity which can also be reflected in terms of unequal distribution of renewable energy productivity across these countries. Besides, since the OECD countries are gradually transforming their economies from being agriculture-oriented to service-oriented and are becoming more focused on energy innovation and energy efficiency aspects, it can be hypothesized that this structural transformation might reduce the inequality in renewable energy productivity among these nations. Using second-generation methods and dynamic elasticity analysis, this study finds that structural transformation helps to reduce the inequality in renewable energy productivity. Besides, technological innovation is also evidenced to exert inequality-reduction effects. In contrast, conflicts and economic conflicts are evidenced to generated adverse effects on inequality in renewable energy productivity within the OECD countries. Furthermore, the outcomes from this study have also identified the policy interventions responsible for the aggravation of inequality in renewable energy productivity. Based on these findings, a policy framework has been provided to help the OECD countries to attain the objectives of SDG 7 and SDG13. • Structural transformation impacts inequality in renewable energy productivity. • Study is done for the OECD countries. • Dynamic elasticity analysis is used. • Policy framework to address SDG 7 is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present era, economic sustainability depends in many ways on energy security, and this is more applicable for the emerging countries of the world in the perspective of sustainability of their growth. To this end, the present study analyzes the impacts of institutional quality, economic growth, and exports on renewable energy consumption using panel data for 19 emerging countries from 2002 to 2019. This research is based on the panel PMG-ARDL approach and examines the long-run relationship among the variables. The panel co-integrated model has also been employed to cross-examine the result. The robust results of the empirical analysis show that institutional effectiveness, economic growth, and export growth have significant effects on renewable energy consumption. Unidirectional causal link is found from economic growth and export to renewable energy while renewable energy is unidirectionally linked to corruption control. This result provides valuable insights on how emerging countries should best focus on their institutions to make those more effective and corruption-free so that countries can sustain their economic growth with better exploration and utilization of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reservoirs are major indicators of sustainable socio-economic development, agriculture and energy. This study focused on genetic algorithm based optimization of rule curves for maximizing the hydropower and associated benefits through cascade reservoirs. Optimization has been carried out using RESOOSE model for maximizing hydro-power, irrigation and evacuation of sediment from multipurpose Diamer Basha and Terbela Reservoirs on Indus River in Pakistan. The best methods and values of Genetic Algorithm computed through sensitivity analysis were tournament selection method with 2 teams, population size 288, single point crossover method with crossover probability 0.8 and adapt feasible mutation method. The policy equations on storage, outflows and hydropower for the cascade reservoirs in series were formulated. The maximum annual overall benefits were 3380 Million US$ for multi-objective optimization of joint operation of Terbela and Diamer Basha Reservoirs, where hydropower was major contributor among all the associated benefits with highest annual benefits of 2724.7 Million US$. The results demonstrate that hydropower has been optimized along with maximization of the associated benefits. The optimized rule curves of the cascade reservoirs developed in the study have enhanced the overall benefits for achieving SDGs of zero hunger, affordable clean energy, economic growth and water availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental sustainability and economic growth are the two ends of a stream whereby when an economy excels towards growth and stability it causes harm to the environment whereas whenever there is less generation of domestic product there is less harm to the environment. Therefore, the present study intends to explore the role of green innovation and renewable energy in carbon emissions and economic growth by employing the unique methodology of Bootstrap ARDL proposed by McNown, Sam, and Goh (2018) on the theoretical guidelines of the neo-classical and STIRPAT model, in the context of Malaysia. The data have been collected from World Bank and OECD database from 1971 to 2017 (47 observations). The result reported that green innovation has a positive and negative relationship with growth and CO2 emissions respectively in both the short and long run. On the other hand, the result reported interesting findings in the relationship of renewable energy with economic growth in the short-run which was found negative however it becomes positive in the longer period, whereas the relationship of renewable energy with CO2 emission remains negative for both short and long run. Lastly, the present study recommended to the regulators that they should formulate the effective policies related to the innovation that enhance the sustainable development. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21st century, climate change is a severe threat to the survival of the planet and humanity; to counter this threat, the significant role of renewable energy cannot be denied for sustainable development worldwide. The motive of this study is to examine the threshold level and asymmetric relationship between renewable energy and economic development in different regimes of the different income levels of 122 countries from 1995-2018 by using the novel technique Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model (PSTR). The results of the PSTR model suggest that the relationship between Renewable Energy and the Economic Growth of these selected countries is nonlinear. Furthermore, in most countries, there is a significant and positive relationship between renewable energy and economic growth in the high regime, except the higher-income nations has a significant and positive relationship in both low and high regimes. Overall full sample shows a significant and positive relationship between renewable energy and economic growth. Recommendations based on this study for these countries include: 1) energy-efficient resources should be adopted to increase renewable energy consumption. 2) The conventional energy consumption share should be reduced to improve the environmental quality for a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been an urgent need to fully implement renewable energy sources to realise green energy transitions and combat environmental pollution. This study uses a benchmark estimation model to analyse the links between green economic growth, green financing, and green energy from 2010 to 2020 and green energy advancement in China. Within the context of renewable energy, scholars have investigated various, unequal, and mediating influence connections. According to the extant literature, green economic expansion and green finance are significantly linked with renewable energy, but with diverse influences in various types of renewable technology and in various regions. The effect of green growth in the economy on green energy is non-linear, while green finance is coherent. Green technological advancement is efficiently facilitates green productivity expansion and green energy, and the investment impact is partially mediated. This study contributes significantly to the formulation of several practical initiatives to strengthen the green energy sector and facilitate sustainable growth. The results indicate that it is essential to maximise the potential of green economic activity to advance the green energy sector through the full utilisation of green accomplishments in their transformed forms. • Urgent need for renewable energy: Implementing renewables for green transitions. • Linking green growth, financing, and energy: Analyzing connections in China. • Diverse influences on renewables: Varied impacts by region and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries in the global South, or developing and emerging economies, are experiencing rapid economic growth, and increased economic integration with other countries in the global South, including trade. Some analysts have raised concerns that such South-South trade might encourage the use of outdated conventional energy technologies, and lock developing countries into high carbon growth paths. Here, trade data from the UN Comtrade database is analyzed with a gravity model of trade. Results show that levels of clean energy technologies in South-south trade were relatively low up until the first half of the 2010's, but that these are entirely comparable to North-North or other trade flows in recent years. The analysis thus finds no evidence to support concerns that South-South trade might encourage high carbon development. South-South trade contains particularly high levels of solar PV, hydropower, and electric two-wheeler technologies, whilst exporters in the global North are more competitive in markets for wind power equipment and electric vehicles. Trade in electric vehicles is the fastest growing class of clean energy technologies, and the dominance of Northern countries in their exports may mean that South-South trade could, in the foreseeable future, once again lag behind in levels of clean energy technologies. • UN Comtrade data is used to identify shares of clean energy tech in international trade. • Trade between countries in the global South is compared with other trade flows. • South-South trade contains as much clean energy technologies as other trade flows. • South-South trade has high levels of PV, hydropower, and electric two-wheelers. • South-South trade has low levels of wind power and electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]