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In recent decades, the role of green energy in realizing green transition and addressing environmental degradation needs to be brought into full play. To promote green energy development in China, this paper examines the relationship among green economic growth, green finance, and green energy (3G) between 2011 and 2019. The heterogeneous, asymmetric, and mediation impact relationship that exists in the 3G nexus is also explored in this study. Accordingly, the results suggest that: (1) Green economic growth and green finance are positively associated with green energy, and the impact is heterogeneous on different types of green energy and in different regions; (2) the impact of green economic growth on green energy are asymmetric, while that of green finance is consistent; and (3) green innovative technology is an effective mediator between green economic growth and green energy, while the investment effect is not significant. This paper contributes to formulating several reasonable policies for improving the green energy industry and achieving sustainable development. It is essential to give full play to the transformation of green achievements to enhance the role of green economic growth in promoting the green energy industry. • This study explores 3G nexus (green economic growth, finance, and energy (GRE)) in China. • The heterogeneity, asymmetry, and mediating mechanism are further analyzed. • Green economic growth and green finance can significantly promote GRE. • The impacts of green economic growth and green finance on GRE are heterogeneous. • Green technological innovation is an effective mediator in the 3G nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green finance is an effective policy instrument in mitigating climate change, but to date little is known about its impact on carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions. This study extends the literature on the relationship between green finance and CO 2 emissions while taking trade openness and economic development into consideration to comprehensively explore the conservation/feedback hypothesis using the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag–Error Correction Model (ARDL–ECM) on data collected from 2000 to 2019. By constructing a green finance index comprising green credit, green securities, green insurance, and green investment, results include the following. (1) Support was found for the conservation hypothesis running from green finance, trade openness, and economic development to emissions per capita; the conservation hypothesis also was supported for the unidirectional relationship running from trade openness and economic development to green finance. (2) Green finance is found to be significantly and negatively related to emissions per capita in both the short and long term. (3) Trade openness shows a positive effect on emissions per capita. Robustness tests are provided. This study deepens policy implications of green finance in the post-pandemic era and highlights the moderating role of renewable energy in the green finance impact on carbon mitigation. • This study constructs a green finance index for China. • The autoregressive distributed lag–error correction model is employed. • Green finance contributes to carbon mitigation in both the short and long run. • CO 2 emissions are Granger result of green finance, trade openness and economic growth. • Trade openness and economic growth are Granger causes of each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial institutions are enforcing strict environmental rules to curb climate change, spurring the shift to renewable energy (RE) sources due to rising public awareness and engagement with stakeholders. As a result, this research examines the factors that have influenced China's economic development from 1990 to 2019. Using the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique, we examine how changes in energy consumption, industrial expansion, urbanization, and carbon emissions affect China's GDP growth. According to these studies, which are inverted U-shaped, there is a high correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and gross domestic product in the long and near term. China's increased usage of fossil fuels has resulted in a rise in carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita rise by 0.311% for every one percent increase in fossil fuel consumption per capita. Consumption of RE may have a progressive impact on lowering carbon dioxide emissions. In the long term, a 1% rise in REC per capita reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 0.324%. At the same time, our findings show that the continued advancement of the RE industry in China simultaneously raises the emission of GHGs, and a 1% rise in REC increases the release of carbon dioxide gas by 0.245% to 0.252% in the short term. China must keep up the use of renewable energy and make people aware of the carbon emissions from China's rapid growth of renewable energy. • Financial institutions are enforcing strict environmental rules to curb climate change. • Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique is employed for study. • Study examines how changes in energy consumption affect China's GDP growth. • There is a high correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and GDP in China. • China's increased usage of fossil fuels has resulted in a rise in carbon dioxide emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since China's economic reform, the country's economy has thrived. Chinese foreign direct investment is attracting more and more attention throughout the globe. Although China's energy issues and environmental degradation have worsened as the economy has grown, the energy consumption structure has become more problematic. The generation of green finance and renewable energy resources is essential to addressing environmental issues and achieving sustainable development. Using data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2019, this research examines the link between green finance, foreign direct investment, and GDP. Only economic growth is detected I(2) in the second stage, which uses first-generation and second-generation unit root tests for panel data (0). Due to these considerations, we adopted an autoregressive distributed lag technique with a Pooled Mean Group, Mean Group, and Dynamic Fixed Effect estimation model. According to the findings, only renewable energy was shown to be substantial and negative in terms of Greenhouse gas emissions, while FDI was determined to be important and beneficial only in the long run. This study shows that we need more strategic thinking about how we can deploy in the renewable sector while also advancing techniques, advancement, human capital, research, and development that will boost green finance production and sustainable development in the long run. • There is a dire need to measure the link between green finance, foreign direct investment, and GDP. • Chinese foreign direct investment is attracting more and more attention throughout the globe. • ARDL with Pooled Mean Group was conducted to examine the effects. • Only renewable energy was shown to be substantial and negative in terms of Greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world's largest energy consuming country, it is important to study the mechanisms of improving renewable energy and energy efficiency to achieve green economic growth in China and globally. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of environmental regulations on green economic growth and renewable energy development in China, respectively. First, this study measures the level of green economic growth in Chinese cities by the Metafrontier-Global-SBM super-efficient data envelopment analysis (DEA) model from the perspective of energy efficiency. And the environmental regulation intensity was measured using an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Second, a spatial econometric model based on longitudinal data was constructed to examine the non-linear effects of environmental regulations on green economic growth and its spatial spillover and feedback effects. The results indicated a U-shaped non-linear effect of energy efficiency-related environmental regulation on green economic growth as well as a spatial spillover effect and spatial feedback effect. Finally, the impact of environmental regulation on renewable energy development was investigated. The results show that renewable energy development, an important component of green economic growth, is equally dependent on the implementation of environmental regulation policies and that environmental regulation makes a significant contribution to renewable energy development. The findings of this paper provide a basis for the realization of green economic growth and the formulation of renewable energy policies in China. • Impact of environmental regulation on renewable energy development was investigated. • A spatial econometric model of 286 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2018 was constructed. • Environmental regulation has a significant U-shaped effect on green economic growth. • Non-linear effects include spatial spillover and spatial feedback effects. • Environmental regulation promotes green growth earlier in resource-based cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy has been considered as an effective way to solve environmental pollution and energy crisis in China. However, the development of renewable energy sector depends on economic growth and financial issues. Thus, it is significant to study the relationships of these three indicators in China. Using ARDL-PMG model, this paper explores the long-run and short-run impacts of economic growth and financial development on renewable energy consumption based on the panel data during period 1997–2017 at national and regional levels of China. The long-run relationships indicate that for China as a whole and western China, economic growth stimulates renewable energy consumption while financial development impacts it negatively. However, the short-run relationships show that economic growth and financial development influence renewable energy consumption negatively and positively, respectively. Moreover, we employ the Granger causality test to study the existence and direction of causality among variables. The causality test results display that the unidirectional causality relationships exist from financial development to renewable energy consumption for China as a whole and eastern China. Meanwhile, economic growth unidirectionally causes renewable energy consumption in China as a whole, eastern and western China. Our empirical results provide some policies to promote the development of renewable energy sector. • Dynamic impacts of financial development and economic growth on renewable energy use are studied. • The causalities among financial development and economic growth and renewable energy use are explored. • Our study was conducted at both national and regional levels using panel data models. • Financial development impacted renewable energy use negatively in the long run. • A unidirectional causality ran from renewable energy use to financial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the direction of the causal relationship between renewable electricity generation (REG) and economic growth for the US and China. The results show a unidirectional causality running from REG to economic growth for the US and China. Furthermore, a bi-directional long short-term (Bi-LSTM) algorithm is formulated to propose REG pathways based on four scenarios. First, we allow the Bi-LSTM network to make business-as-usual (BAU) predictions. The results show that the US and China's REG as a percentage of total electricity output will hit ∼17.769 and ∼34.688 by 2030, respectively. Second, we set a 30% incremental target and estimate that the US and China REG will hit ∼17.198 and ∼31.105 by 2030, respectively. Third, the results from setting an incremental target of 50% depicts that the US and China REG will hit ∼19.844 and ∼35.891 by 2030, respectively. Finally, the 100% incremental target from the 2015 generation shows that the US and China REG are expected to hit ∼26.458 and ∼47.854 by 2030, respectively. As a policy implication, if investments in renewable electricity generation are not intensified, the US and China stand a risk of not meeting the pathway targets proposed. • The possible drivers of renewable electricity generation (REG) are explored. • We find a unidirectional causality running from GDP to REG. • China and the US BAU REG levels will rise by the year 2030. • Pathways proposed to achieve an intended target. • New policy directives required to boost REG levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work highlights the impact of renewable and non-renewable energy, capital formation, and economic growth on CO 2 emissions in the economies that are emerging due to China's Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) initiative. In this context, data for 24 SREB economies from 1995 to 2014 are analyzed through the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The results suggest that using a high share of renewable energy to execute economic activities and improve the level of capital formation significantly decreases the rate of CO 2 emissions in both the long term and short term in the considered SREB countries. The presence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve and the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO 2 emissions are also determined. The negative impact of Gross Capital Formation (GCF) and the negligible effects of trade openness on CO 2 discharge are also observed. The negative effect of GCF on carbon emissions suggests either that the SREB economies are investing in low-carbon economic activities or simply that those assets are being produced using cleaner energy sources. It is suggested that these countries should pay more attention to renewable energy resources to improve the environment and maximize the economic benefits of the SREB initiative. • Renewable energy is a significant source for controlling CO 2 emissions in SREB nations. • Improvement in Gross Capital Formation mitigates CO 2 emissions in the SREB region. • The findings show that the SREB economies are investing in low-carbon assets. • In SREB countries, CO 2 emissions and GDP growth show a bell-shaped relationship. • Trade openness has an insignificant role in controlling CO 2 emissions in SREB economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the dynamic relationship among economic growth, clean energy, and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions in China. The indicators of economic growth, clean energy, CO 2 emissions, fixed assets investment, and research and development intensity of 30 provinces and municipalities for the period of 2005–2019 in China have been investigated by Panel Vector Autoregression model (PVAR). To further explore regional differences, three types of regions were classified by K-means cluster analysis. The results show that clean energy has a positive impact on economic growth in China; Clean energy reduces CO 2 emissions in Region II while others do not; Both fixed assets investment and research and development promote clean energy development; The dynamic relationship between the 5 indicators varies across regions. Various regions in China should combine their development characteristics and location advantages, increase capital investment and research and development input in clean energy, strengthen environmental regulations, and improve the energy consumption structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been an urgent need to fully implement renewable energy sources to realise green energy transitions and combat environmental pollution. This study uses a benchmark estimation model to analyse the links between green economic growth, green financing, and green energy from 2010 to 2020 and green energy advancement in China. Within the context of renewable energy, scholars have investigated various, unequal, and mediating influence connections. According to the extant literature, green economic expansion and green finance are significantly linked with renewable energy, but with diverse influences in various types of renewable technology and in various regions. The effect of green growth in the economy on green energy is non-linear, while green finance is coherent. Green technological advancement is efficiently facilitates green productivity expansion and green energy, and the investment impact is partially mediated. This study contributes significantly to the formulation of several practical initiatives to strengthen the green energy sector and facilitate sustainable growth. The results indicate that it is essential to maximise the potential of green economic activity to advance the green energy sector through the full utilisation of green accomplishments in their transformed forms. • Urgent need for renewable energy: Implementing renewables for green transitions. • Linking green growth, financing, and energy: Analyzing connections in China. • Diverse influences on renewables: Varied impacts by region and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a new measure of energy diversity. The impact of digital finance innovation effects of green financing (GF), economic growth (EG), renewable energy (RE), inflationary pressures, and geopolitical risks for enhancing sustainability in China were obtained using micro- and macro-level data from 2011 to 2020. A regression prediction method was applied, considering both the direct and indirect relationships between the factor predictions. Our results confirm that major economies experience significant economic growth as long-term energy diversification increases. However, energy diversification has a negative impact as short-term economic development in some nations is negatively affected by. The findings also show that in the medium- and long-term, energy variation does not support financial development in low-income nations. Therefore, additional safety precautions must be taken when diversifying energy sources. • Renewable energy and digital finance synergy in China (2010–2021). • Funding impact: renewables, emissions, capacity, access. • Nexus of digital finance and renewable electrification in China. • Advancing renewables: funding trends, emissions, capacity, access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]