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In recent decades, the role of green energy in realizing green transition and addressing environmental degradation needs to be brought into full play. To promote green energy development in China, this paper examines the relationship among green economic growth, green finance, and green energy (3G) between 2011 and 2019. The heterogeneous, asymmetric, and mediation impact relationship that exists in the 3G nexus is also explored in this study. Accordingly, the results suggest that: (1) Green economic growth and green finance are positively associated with green energy, and the impact is heterogeneous on different types of green energy and in different regions; (2) the impact of green economic growth on green energy are asymmetric, while that of green finance is consistent; and (3) green innovative technology is an effective mediator between green economic growth and green energy, while the investment effect is not significant. This paper contributes to formulating several reasonable policies for improving the green energy industry and achieving sustainable development. It is essential to give full play to the transformation of green achievements to enhance the role of green economic growth in promoting the green energy industry. • This study explores 3G nexus (green economic growth, finance, and energy (GRE)) in China. • The heterogeneity, asymmetry, and mediating mechanism are further analyzed. • Green economic growth and green finance can significantly promote GRE. • The impacts of green economic growth and green finance on GRE are heterogeneous. • Green technological innovation is an effective mediator in the 3G nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses panel data on renewable energy in China. Thus, the current analysis fills the gaps by examining the relationship between green technology innovation and renewable energy and CO 2 emissions from 1990 to 2018. The current study examines all concerns connected to panel data analysis with advanced panel estimators, such as cross-sectional dependence, stationarity, variation in slope parameters, and structural break. Our findings show that test results reveal that green technology innovation and renewable energy have a negative and considerable influence on CO2 emissions in the long run. Moreover, the short-run relationship of green technology innovation, on the other hand, is not significant—as evidenced by the findings of robustness tests such as AMG and CCEMG. Other empirical results revealed that GTI, REN and NEN significantly reduced local CO 2 emission, while POP and PI had no obvious reduction effects on CO 2 emissions. Different GTIs had the same spatial "symbiotic effects" on CO 2 emission reduction in the short term, showing positive spatial spillover reduction effects. Lastly, we conclude that the use of green technology innovation has positive externalities. Some policies to assist green innovation technologies and renewable energy resources have been suggested for the Chinese government to enact. • This paper uses panel data on renewable energy in China. • The current study examines all concerns connected to panel data analysis with advanced panel estimators. • The short-run relationship of green technology innovation is not significant. • We conclude that the use of green technology innovation has positive externalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental way for China to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality is to continuously improve the penetration of renewable energy (RE) in the power system and establish an electricity mix dominated by RE power. According to China's 14th Five-Year Plan, the proportion of non-fossil energy power generation should reach about 39% by 2025. However, the impact of the increase in share of RE power on carbon emissions of the electricity sector remains to be estimated. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to capture the nonlinear characteristics of RE on electricity-related carbon emissions by using panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model and provincial panel data covering the period 1991–2020 under the background of provincial RE quota system. The estimation results indicate that, (i) in the four transition variables of PSTR model such as the installed capacity of power generation, substation equipment capacity, total electricity consumption and total power generation, the nexus between RE deployment and electricity-related carbon emissions was detected as nonlinear. (ii) The heterogeneous RE carbon abatement effect is reflected in its increasing penetration in provincial power systems. (iii) Carbon abatement performance of RE generation decreases in the negative range with the increase of transition variables. (iv) The estimation coefficient of RE is positive at the higher value of the transition variable in the PSTR model of carbon emissions per capita. As a result, the RE quota with the best emission abatement performance should be designed based on the provincial power resource endowment and the medium and long-term expected electricity consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of information and communication technology (ICT), a subset of many functions such as visual communication, can positively affect renewable energy development in different countries. In this paper, focusing on China as the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the relationship between visual communication and the deployment of renewable energy is investigated using the dynamic ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) method and annual data from 1990 to 2021. Regarding the empirical estimations, a 1% increase in green finance market size leads to an improvement of sustainable energy deployment by 0.01%. In addition, the ICT development index has a significant and positive effect only in the long term. Furthermore, there is evidence of uni-directional causality from ICT to renewable energy deployment in the medium and long term. The recommended practical policies by the research are developing green financing tools, green economic growth policies, and creating virtual portals for financial interactions. • There is uni-directional causality from visual communication to renewable deployment. • ICT development index has a positive effect in the long term. • Effect of GDP on the development of renewable energy consumption is negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of green finance on green energy deployment in China's tourism industry. To this end, the annual data over 1992–2021 through the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) approach for the case of China are analyzed. The findings confirm that the issued green bonds positively impact the green efficiency of China's tourism industry in the long term. In contrast, the coefficient of issued green bonds is insignificant for the short-term approach. In addition, in the short and long term, the consumer price index also has a significant adverse effect on the green efficiency of China's tourism industry. The recommended practical policies are improving executive regulations and transparent market information, implementing green fiscal policies, green construction in hotels and tourist accommodations, green globalization, operational phases of innovation, adaptation, and stabilization (IAS), and eco-tourism regionalism. • Green bonds have a positive impact on the green efficiency of China's tourism. • Consumer price index has a negative effect on green efficiency of China's tourism. • Economic globalization index has a significant coefficient on green efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world's largest energy consuming country, it is important to study the mechanisms of improving renewable energy and energy efficiency to achieve green economic growth in China and globally. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of environmental regulations on green economic growth and renewable energy development in China, respectively. First, this study measures the level of green economic growth in Chinese cities by the Metafrontier-Global-SBM super-efficient data envelopment analysis (DEA) model from the perspective of energy efficiency. And the environmental regulation intensity was measured using an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Second, a spatial econometric model based on longitudinal data was constructed to examine the non-linear effects of environmental regulations on green economic growth and its spatial spillover and feedback effects. The results indicated a U-shaped non-linear effect of energy efficiency-related environmental regulation on green economic growth as well as a spatial spillover effect and spatial feedback effect. Finally, the impact of environmental regulation on renewable energy development was investigated. The results show that renewable energy development, an important component of green economic growth, is equally dependent on the implementation of environmental regulation policies and that environmental regulation makes a significant contribution to renewable energy development. The findings of this paper provide a basis for the realization of green economic growth and the formulation of renewable energy policies in China. • Impact of environmental regulation on renewable energy development was investigated. • A spatial econometric model of 286 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2018 was constructed. • Environmental regulation has a significant U-shaped effect on green economic growth. • Non-linear effects include spatial spillover and spatial feedback effects. • Environmental regulation promotes green growth earlier in resource-based cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of large-scale retirements of renewable energy modules has attracted considerable attention from governments and the public worldwide. Using the Chinese wind and photovoltaic industries as examples, this paper, for the first time, employs a real options approach to explore the optimal time for energy firms to retire their power plants and to predict the future trend of renewable energy wastage from a bottom-up perspective. The results show that the optimal retirement time for the four subdivided categories ranges from 16 to 23 years. The later the investments are made, the earlier the decommissioning time comes and the lower the project returns. Furthermore, wind projects have been found to generate more revenue than PV projects for the same size, and the gap continues to widen. Offshore wind technology always has the longest optimal service life (18.62 years in 2022) and the greatest project returns (10.84 million CNY in 2022). Annual utilization hours, the renewable electricity price and the waste price can accelerate the retirement of plants and generate more revenue for energy companies, while the initial investment cost has a completely opposite effect. The first wave of PV retirements will occur in 2035 at 305.82 GW, while onshore wind will be in 2036 at 530.77 GW and offshore wind will not explode until 2040 at 65.84 GW. An assessment of potential policies suggests that for every 100 CNY increase in incentive strength, the retirement wave arrives 1 year earlier. In contrast, for every 100 CNY increase in the strength of penalties, the retirement wave is delayed by 1 year. In addition, we verify that the size of the plants does not affect the forecast of the retirement trend, indicating that the assumptions about installed capacity do not cause bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing share of the climate-sensitive renewable energy market supply in China, estimating future energy drought risk (ED) is essential. In this paper, based on CMIP6, energy demand and power generation are estimated from 2023 to 2100 under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios, and ED is defined from high demand (HD), low wind-solar generation (LWS), and residual load (RL). The results show that the ED exacerbation is relatively high under the SSP5-8.5. Between 2023 and 2100, the duration and severity of HD and RL notably increase, while LWS changes are relatively weak. We find that HD and RL exhibit high summer risks in the south and high winter risk in the north. The return periods vary significantly and extends over time in most regions. Moreover, there are few ED when the installed power generation capacity (IPGC) is increased. When the IPGC increases by 2%–5%, the LWS will decrease at least 20%–72%. With a 10% increase, the LWS will be mitigated by at least 80%, whereas the mitigation for RL is limited, approximately 3–17% at different rates. This work performs the first evaluation of future ED and provides the useful references for risk mitigation in China based on CMIP6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and equitable allocation scheme for renewable portfolio standard (RPS) quota is of great significance to renewable energy (RE) development and the improvement of the electricity trade market. This study establishes a quota allocation model based on the lowest cost of RE generation to determine the RPS targets (LC-RPS) of 30 Chinese provinces. Subsequently, an index system based on energy consumption, RE resource endowment, historical responsibility, and transmission facilities is constructed to determine the RPS targets (IN-RPS). Finally, the two scenarios mentioned above are compared with the RPS target allocation scenario published by the Chinese government (GM-RPS) and with the NO-RPS scenario. The results show that: Compared with those of GM-RPS and IN-RPS, the power generation cost associated with the LC-RPS is reduced by 8.5% and 49.4%, respectively, and the unit power generation cost is reduced by 9.4 and 39.7 RMB/MWh, respectively; the fairness of the LC-RPS is marginally worse than that of the other three scenarios, but the fairness of the power generation cost is still relative average, thereby demonstrating distribution fairness. This paper appeals to the Chinese government for the perfection of a national renewable energy certificates (REC) trade market and offering additional REC for solar generation. •Least-cost quota (LC-RPS) and index system allocation schemes are proposed. •The renewable energy (RE) generation capacity of 30 Chinese provinces is determined. •The power generation cost of the LC-RPS is reduced compared with other schemes. •The LC-RPS scheme is more efficient and meets national RPS targets. •The generation resources are diversified with the improvement of the national REC trade market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper performs Fourier cointegration and causality tests to analyze the effect of renewable energy generation, globalization, and agricultural activities on ecological footprint and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions in BRIC countries for the period 1971–2016. The Fourier ADL cointegration test supports a long-run relationship between the considered variables in Brazil and China. The long-term elasticities indicate that globalization increases the pollution indicators, while renewable energy generation significantly reduces environmental pressure in China. Moreover, globalization increases CO 2 emissions, while renewable energy generation improves environmental quality in Brazil. The causality results show the existence of bidirectional causality between agriculture and environmental degradation; unidirectional relationships from globalization to the ecological footprint and CO 2 emissions; and renewable energy generation to the ecological indicators. Overall, these findings reveal the importance of renewable energy in combating environmental degradation. Based on the above results, renewable energy generation can significantly reduce environmental pollution in Brazil and China. However, renewable energy does not affect environmental pressure in Russia and India. Therefore, these countries should differentiate the current renewable energy generation policies to achieve their sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy has been considered as an effective way to solve environmental pollution and energy crisis in China. However, the development of renewable energy sector depends on economic growth and financial issues. Thus, it is significant to study the relationships of these three indicators in China. Using ARDL-PMG model, this paper explores the long-run and short-run impacts of economic growth and financial development on renewable energy consumption based on the panel data during period 1997–2017 at national and regional levels of China. The long-run relationships indicate that for China as a whole and western China, economic growth stimulates renewable energy consumption while financial development impacts it negatively. However, the short-run relationships show that economic growth and financial development influence renewable energy consumption negatively and positively, respectively. Moreover, we employ the Granger causality test to study the existence and direction of causality among variables. The causality test results display that the unidirectional causality relationships exist from financial development to renewable energy consumption for China as a whole and eastern China. Meanwhile, economic growth unidirectionally causes renewable energy consumption in China as a whole, eastern and western China. Our empirical results provide some policies to promote the development of renewable energy sector. • Dynamic impacts of financial development and economic growth on renewable energy use are studied. • The causalities among financial development and economic growth and renewable energy use are explored. • Our study was conducted at both national and regional levels using panel data models. • Financial development impacted renewable energy use negatively in the long run. • A unidirectional causality ran from renewable energy use to financial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The China Certified Emission Reduction scheme (CCER) and the Cap-and-Trade (CaT) mechanisms jointly constitute the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS), which is expected to have a profound impact on China's social and economic decarbonization. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the impact of the CaT mechanism, neglecting the fact that CCERs serve as a carbon offset trading mechanism. This paper focuses on the impact of the CCER mechanism on China's energy economy and environment by constructing a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model that couples CaT and CCER mechanisms. Introducing the CCER mechanism based on the CAT mechanism leads to increased output and reduced prices in renewable energy sectors, cascading positive effects across various energy-utilizing sectors to counter the decline in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and residential welfare. The finding suggests that China's unique CCER mechanism is poised to play a more important role in promoting renewable energy to mitigate global warming, given its potential to transform the structure of energy production and consumption. Finally, targeted policy recommendations are proposed for implementing the CCER mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The China Certified Emission Reduction scheme (CCER) and the Cap-and-Trade (CaT) mechanisms jointly constitute the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS), which is expected to have a profound impact on China's social and economic decarbonization. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the impact of the CaT mechanism, neglecting the fact that CCERs serve as a carbon offset trading mechanism. This paper focuses on the impact of the CCER mechanism on China's energy economy and environment by constructing a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model that couples CaT and CCER mechanisms. Introducing the CCER mechanism based on the CAT mechanism leads to increased output and reduced prices in renewable energy sectors, cascading positive effects across various energy-utilizing sectors to counter the decline in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and residential welfare. The finding suggests that China's unique CCER mechanism is poised to play a more important role in promoting renewable energy to mitigate global warming, given its potential to transform the structure of energy production and consumption. Finally, targeted policy recommendations are proposed for implementing the CCER mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the research topics of China's energy transition policy and predicting future research trends are crucial for policymakers to make informed decisions and advance the energy transition. This study applied the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to extract 26 major research topics from the 13,976 abstracts of Chinese policy research papers in web of science (WOS), conceptualized the five most popular topics and used the ARIMA model to predict trends over the next 36 months. The results show that except for Economic and Environmental Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption (Topic13), which will first experience unanticipated fluctuations and then show strong growth capacity, all other topics will continue to remain positive growth trend. Research and Development (Topic3) is driven by the urgency of China's energy transformation. Economic and Environmental Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption (Topic13) is driven by the potential for the development of renewable energy. Economic Impact of Climate Change (Topic26) is driven by the climate change debate. Economic Growth, Urbanization, and Energy Consumption (Topic7) is driven by a discussion of their relationship and the mechanisms influencing them. Regional Efficiency and Productivity Analysis (Topic19) is driven by regional differences in China's energy policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing penetration of renewable energy leads to seasonal fluctuation in the power system. This also results in continuous low-renewable-output events, which pose significant challenges for ensuring adequate renewable energy supply and arouse growing concern. To analyze the seasonal fluctuation characteristics of renewable in different timescales, this paper first decomposes the renewable time series into three components: climate, seasonal, and daily. Then an Itô process is introduced to model the climate and daily components considering the time series' stochastic characteristics and time correlations. Finally, the proposed model is first tested based on case studies on historical data from two selected weather stations in China. Moreover, the method is further applied to analyzing data from 253 weather stations across China at the provincial level. The results indicate that low-renewable-output events are more likely to have a longer duration in central China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both developed and developing countries have committed to reduce their emissions through the increased use of renewable energy. This paper aims to compare renewable energy deployment in developed and developing countries represented by Australia and China. The paper firstly argues the validity of comparison of renewable energy deployment in Australia and China. Then, the governance structures in both countries are compared; the paper also compares management mechanisms in terms of funding and incentive support, renewable energy grid-connection and coordination between different levels of governments in both countries. Moreover, the current status of renewable energy development in two countries is summarized. From the study, it can be concluded both countries have set a Renewable Energy Target and promulgated legislation and regulations to enlarge the scale of renewable energy; China shows a stronger commitment to renewable energy than Australia. However, Renewable Energy Certificate mechanism is implemented more effectively in Australia than in China. The paper suggests: augmenting and rebuilding the electricity network and strengthening coordination between different levels of governments for both countries; enhancing manufacturing facilities and incentives for the solar and wind industry for Australia, while developing more-detailed implementation legislation and renewable power quota system for China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind energy has become a kind of attractive alternative energy in power generation field due to its nonpolluting and renewable properties. Wind speed forecasting acts an important role in programming and operation of power systems. However, achieving high precision wind speed forecasts is still consider as an arduous and challenging issue with the randomization and transient exist in wind speed time series. For this reason, this paper proposed two novel de-noising-reconstruction-based hybrid models which consist of novel signal decomposed methods, feature selection approaches and predictors based on quantile regression and optimization algorithm to achieve more accurate short term wind speed forecasting. The developed hybrid models firstly eliminate inherent noise from the wind speed sequences via decomposed method and subsequently construct the appropriate datasets for the forecasting engines by adopting the feature selection method; finally, establish the predictors for the forecasting task. To verify the effectiveness of proposed forecasting models, 1-h and 2-h wind speed data collected from Yumen, Gansu province of China mainland is used as case studies. The computational results demonstrated that the developed hybrid models yield better performance contrast with those of other models involved in this research in terms of both wind speed deterministic and probabilistic forecasting. • Two hybrid strategies with four modules are developed for wind speed forecasting. • A modified signal decomposition method is proposed for wind speed noise reduction. • A novel correlation-analysis-based approach is proposed to feature selection. • The proposed QRNN-based model can obtain forecasting results in different quantile. • The hybrid models perform well in both deterministic and probabilistic forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's economy has flourished since reform and opening up. At the same time, China's ability to attract foreign investment in the world continued to increase. However, with the rapid development of the economy, China's energy crisis and environmental pollution have been continuously deepened, exposing increasingly serious problems in the energy consumption structure. As a critical mean to address the environmental problems and achieve sustainable development, the production and utilization of renewable energy resources is particularly critical. This paper aims to investigate the relationship amongst renewable energy consumption, foreign direct investment and gross domestic product in 31 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2015. Specifically, the unit root test, cointegration test, vector error-correction model, impulse response function analysis, and Granger causality test are employed for the estimations. The empirical results indicate that there is a long-term and stable equilibrium relationship between gross domestic product per capita, foreign direct investment per capita, and renewable energy consumption per capita. Additionally, in the short term, foreign direct investment cannot significantly cause renewable energy consumption change; but in the long run, a modest slowdown in gross domestic product growth and targeted foreign direct investment will generate a significant boost on renewable energy in China. • Relationship amongst renewable energy consumption, GDP and FDI in China is examined. • Vector error correction model and fully modified ordinary least squares are employed. • Long-run equilibrium exists between renewable energy consumption, GDP and FDI. • There is unilateral causality from GDP and FDI to renewable energy consumption in the long run. • FDI cannot significantly cause renewable energy consumption change in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the deployment and penetration of renewable energy is considered to be the fundamental way to solve environmental problems, but whether higher penetration of renewable energy means higher energy efficiency remains to be empirically tested. To reveal the relationship between cleanliness and efficiency in the energy sector, this paper first uses the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA)method to measure the total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) of 30 provinces in China, and then applies static and dynamic panel threshold regression (PTR)models to estimate the nonlinear effect of renewable energy share on TFEE. The results show that renewable energy is usually beneficial for improving TFEE, but there are prominent heterogeneity and nonlinear characteristics in net electricity exporting and net electricity importing provinces. Renewable energy in low rather than high regimes can significantly improve energy efficiency, indicating that provinces with lower levels of economic development and energy consumption receive higher marginal energy efficiency and are more likely to achieve sustainable development goals. More renewable energy quotas should be given to economically developed and high energy consuming provinces, and comprehensive energy efficiency guarantees and improvement measures must be provided to achieve optimal emission mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve the carbon-neutral goal set for 2060, China has promoted renewable energy development for more than two decades. Meanwhile, China's electricity market is undergoing a new round of reform by introducing more market-oriented mechanisms and changing the market structure. This paper investigates the impact of three electric utility market structures experimented with in China on promoting renewable energy through a simulation model. The three market structures are vertical monopoly, weak monopoly (separation of power generators and grids), and monopolistic competition (Cournot-Nash competition). The model is calibrated with the actual data of the regional utility network in Beijing, Tianjin, and Tangshan areas. The simulation results show that the electricity market structure plays a vital role in renewable electricity, and the competition among utilities tends to benefit renewable energy development (wind power here). The study's conclusions are helpful to our understanding of further reforms in the electric utility industry and the long-term clean energy target in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper reviews features of Green Building Label (GBL), the green building evaluation system in China, in terms of management and technology. It is followed by classified statistical analysis on 353 GBL projects issued in the four years from 2008 to 2011, in the context of evaluation agency, evaluation stage, building type, star level, regional distribution, and developer. Then it focuses on technical application of GBL projects including basic technical requirements and 32 applicable technologies, especially renewable energy utilization. Some suggestions are proposed for GBL development and revision of the Chinese national standard (Evaluation Standard for Green Building) in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract China's power sector has become the largest contributor to China's carbon emissions because of its coal-dominated power structure. Replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy is an effective way to reduce carbon emissions and, therefore, a series of targets for renewable electricity generation have been put forward in national plans. However, how these targets will be reached is unclear. This paper uses a Long-range Energy Alternative Planning system (LEAP) model to explore the optimum development path of China's power sector from 2015 to 2050, taking into consideration the impacts of the renewable energy targets. Three scenarios are designed to examine the costs and benefits of developing renewable energy and improving the technologies for renewable power generation, comprising a base scenario, a renewable energy policy scenario and a technological progress scenario. The results show that the power generation cost would increase by at least 2.31 trillion RMB and that CO 2 emissions would be reduced by 35.8 billion tonnes during 2015–2050 if power generation follows current planning. Furthermore, every 1% increase in the capacity factors of renewable electricity would on average result in the cumulative CO 2 emissions decreased by 979 million tonnes and average CO 2 abatement cost decreased by 5.56 RMB/tCO 2 during 2015–2050. Based on this study, several policy implications are proposed for the development of power sector in China. Firstly, government may reconsider the current planning for gas-fired power and nuclear power to reach low-carbon electricity generation. Secondly, adjusting the carbon price can offset the additional cost of renewable electricity generation. Thirdly, promoting advanced technologies to match renewable electricity generation can obtain greater economic and environmental benefits. Finally, from the perspective of development potential, reducing the costs of solar power would be the emphasis at this stage. Highlights • Effects of renewable energy development plan in power sector are evaluated for China. • The optimal development path with minimum cost for the power sector are given. • National plans for renewable electricity can reduce 35.8 billion tonnes of CO 2 until 2050. • Average CO 2 abatement cost for promoting renewable power is 64.53 RMB/tCO 2 during 2015–2050. • Every 1% increase of the capacity factors of renewable power would decrease the average CO 2 abatement cost by 5.56 RMB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: CO2 emissions of the electricity supply sector in China account for about half of the total volume in the country. Thus, reducing CO2 emissions in China’s electricity supply sector will contribute significantly to the efforts of greenhouse gas (GHG) control in the country and the rest of the world. This paper introduces the development status of renewable energy and other main CO2 mitigation options in power generation in China and makes a preliminary prediction of the development of renewable energy in the country for future decades. Besides, based on the situation in China, the paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of CO2 mitigation costs, mitigation potential, and fossil energy conversation capacity of renewable energy and other mitigation options, through which the influence of renewable energy on the mitigation strategy of China is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Wind energy is an important renewable energy source because of its reliability due to the maturity of the technology, good infrastructure and relative cost competitiveness. Rich wind resources and strong support in regulations by the Chinese government have enabled the wind power industry to grow at a fast speed and the primary market scale has been achieved, making it the second largest wind power market in the world. There has also been an increase in wind energy research in various regions in China during the last few years. As utility-size wind turbines increase in size, and correspondingly their initial capital investment cost, there is an increasing need to monitor the health of these structures. However, most of the research papers in China are about the manufacture and production, such as the simulation of the wind turbine generator system model, the systematic resonance and stability for the world turbine, the wind speed, wind power and pitch adjustment simulation model, and so on. Few papers focus on the structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques of the wind turbine. In this paper, we review the status of the current SHM techniques in wind turbine and analyze the problems of them in China. The aims of this paper are to let more scholars and experts know the status of the current SHM techniques and to do something for building a successful industry in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Wind turbine generator systems (WTGS) manufacture is booming in China. The key to success of the wind turbine generator industry is to construct the supply chain. However few papers focus on the supply chain. In China, many enterprises have started to manufacture the wind turbine generator system and the components. The supply chain of the wind turbine generator system is not well established in China. Many key components of WTGS still need to be imported, such as the principal axis bearing and electrical control systems. We review the status of wind turbine generator system manufacturing and analyze the problems of the supply chain in China. We analyze the problems about the supply chain from a macroscopic view. The aims of this paper are to let more scholars and experts know the status of the WTGS supply chain and to do something for building a successful industry in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The renewable energy power generation (REPG) in China has experienced tremendous growth in the last decade. To understand this rapid growth, it is necessary to explore how Chinese government triggers the remarkable development of the industry. This paper offers a systematic analysis of the incentive policy system for REPG in China, covering wind power, solar photovoltaic, small hydropower (single-unit power generation capacity less than 50 MW), biomass power and geothermal power. The incentive system contains laws, regulations, policies and industrial plans issued during the 11th and 12th “Five-year Plan” periods (2006–2015). Four major incentive strategies of the Chinese government are identified: research and development incentives, fiscal and tax incentives, grid-connection and tariff incentives, and market development incentives. The results show these incentive methods have played a significant role in promoting the development of REPG in China, but still there are some problems associated with them. International comparisons of the incentive policies with those of Denmark, Germany and US, as well as the strategies to further improve the Chinese incentive approaches are discussed. This comprehensive analysis of China's incentive policy system for REPG helps to understand China's experience in promoting renewable energy, contributing to better decision-making in policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is facing a number of energy related challenges including a shortage of electricity supply, depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution. These challenges make it important to develop renewable energy resources. As per other renewable energy industries, the biomass power industry is facing a series of opportunities and challenges. Utilizing Michael Porter's Five Forces Model theory for analyzing the competitive environment and the competitive situation of an industry, this paper establishes a Five Forces Model for assessing the competitiveness of China's biomass power industry. Inputs for this model include semi-structured interviews with biomass power generation enterprises and a critical analysis of the national policy framework along with relevant literature and official statistics. Five major stakeholders of China's biomass power industry, namely competitors, suppliers, buyers, potential competitors, and substitutes are assessed to determine their influence on the biomass power generation industry. This assessment highlighted the current status, existing issues and future prospects of the biomass power industry. Similarly, it provides assistance to develop procurement strategies for the sustainable development of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural household energy consumption plays an essential role in the daily life of farmers, especially in developing regions. In this paper, we present a study of household energy consumption in terms of energy sources and energy end uses, and analysis of technical and economic issues associated with the use of biomass and renewable energy and the replacement of fossil fuels. Results show that energy from biomass represents the largest share of total energy supply, and that 41.15% of total energy is consumed for home heating and cooking. The average cost of household energy is 1259 RMB ($US193.6) and this expense is no longer subsidized by the government. It takes less than one year to make a solar stove profitable and less than two years to pay back the household cost of biogas digesters. An 8 m3 digester can produce as much energy as 500–550 kg of standard coal or 940 kg of firewood, while a solar stove can generate 1.76 × 103 MJ heat each year. Moreover, it is estimated that in rural China the annual reduction of CO2 and SO2 emissions in 2020, due to the replacement of fossil fuel by biomass, will be 68.86 × 106 and 54.37 × 104 tons, respectively. Overall, the investigations and analyses have revealed that the structure of rural household energy consumption is undergoing a transformation from traditional low-efficiency biomass domination to integrated consumption of traditional and renewable energies. Renewable energy will significantly contribute to the sustainable development of rural households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Facing the energy crisis and the requirement of green power, China is making great efforts to fulfill the international cooperation on renewable energy electricity aimed at protecting the security of electricity supply and economy development. This paper firstly utilizes the tool of SWOT strategy analysis to make a research on internal and external environment of international cooperation on renewable energy electricity in China. Secondly discusses the current situation and existing problems of international cooperation from four dimensions of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. Then, gives a propose of four different kinds of international cooperation strategies based on the combination analysis of SWOT matrix. Finally puts forward the detailed implementation strategies of the policy recommendations for international cooperation on renewable energy electricity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: China is facing a number of energy-related challenges such as the shortage of electricity supply and environmental pollution. Renewable energy is encouraged and will play more important role in the power generation components of China. As a renewable energy, biomass power has a rapid growth in the past decade in China. In line with this development, the biomass power industry faces opportunities for development as well as challenges. Using SWOT analysis method, this paper reviews and assesses the factors of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of biomass power generation industry of China. Data used in the analysis stem from multiple sources including statistical reports, literature, regulations, policies, and case studies. These findings not only help to understand the status quo of the industry, but also provide valuable information to master the future development and potential risks of the industry in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Facing the growing energy demand and the requirement of low-carbon development, China is making great efforts to fulfill the international cooperation on renewable energy aimed at protecting the security of energy and economy. Whereas, energy problems in various countries have become increasingly prominent, and the lack of a multilateral cooperation mechanism has become the key obstacle to the cooperation. This paper analyzes current situation and existing problems of international cooperation on renewable energy in China, and then puts forward the establishment of three cooperation mechanisms: the regional mechanism, the developing countries mechanism and the developing-developed countries mechanism, followed by a summary and analysis of the participants. The principles and steps of mechanisms making and the cooperation institution for mechanism operation will be discussed as well as making some policy recommendations on the cooperation methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The past decades have witnessed the rapid growth of foreign participation in the renewable energy development in China. This is a result of massive energy demand and the Government’s strategy to shadow the role of traditional fossil fuel in the energy mix. This paper critically reviewed the international cooperation in the field of renewable energy with various partners in the new century. The cooperation pattern varies from partner to partner. The results showed that China has benefited from the international cooperation on renewable energy such as accessing to finance and advanced technologies, developing human resources related to renewable energy, and enhancing related policy framework. Major issues associated with the international cooperation are discussed as well. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: China is facing a number of energy-related challenges such as shortage of electricity supply and environmental pollution. The Government recognized the important role the renewable energy plays in the power generation structure. As a result, a series of supporting policies, laws and regulations have been issued to boost the renewable energies in China. This paper provides a critical analysis of the policy framework for the renewable energy in China and its impacts on the power generation structure. The relevant policy documents, including the most recent government work report delivered by Premier Wen Jia-bao during the Third Session of the 11th National People’s Congress (NPC) in March 2010 are analyzed. The patterns of renewable energy developments are found strongly correlated with the promulgation of relevant policies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Trends in China''s energy future will have considerable consequences for both China and the global environment. Though China''s carbon emissions are low on a per capita basis, China is already ranked the world''s second largest producer of carbon, behind only America. China''s buildings sector currently accounts for 23% of China''s total energy use and is projected to increase to one-third by 2010. Energy policy plays an important role in China''s sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to provide a broad overview of energy efficiency issues in the built environment in China. This paper, firstly briefly, reviews the key national policies related to the built environment and demonstrates the government''s environmental concern. Secondly, the authors introduce recent energy policies in the built environment. Energy efficiency and renewable energy in the built environment, which are the key issues of the national energy policy, have been reviewed. Discussion of the implementation of energy policy has been carried out. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper analyzes various methods of disposal of municipal solid waste in China, including refuse incineration, garbage power and landfill technology. Based on the conventional pyrolysis principle, a new apparatus has been developed for waste disposal in China. It is especially useful in China as the waste is not sorted. The experiment shows that the concentration of dioxins meets the emission standard of 0.1 ng-TE/N m3 by controlling the residence time and temperature. The expulsive solid weight is as low as 5–7% of the whole refuse. At the same time, a great deal of fire gas was generated in the treatment process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]