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The aim of this study is to exhibit an exhaustive survey which is related to the great flight of the literature of energy- environment-growth nexus at the individual and regional scale studies covering the period from 1978 to 2014. The survey takes into consideration the sample (country, region, etc.), periods covering, econometric strategies, and conclusions. Our survey is based on the causality direction among (i) the energy use variables (electricity, nuclear, renewable and non-renewable) and output growth; (ii) between economic growth and environment; and between the three variables at the same time. Globally, these surveys provide paradoxical and not conclusive results which energy consumption can boost economic growth through the productivity enhancement and it can boost also the environmental damages through the enhancement of pollutant emissions. Our survey sheds more the lights on the energy-environment-growth literature by giving an extensive listing (1978–2014) of these causal linkages among the energy use variables, environment and economic growth for both individual and collective cases. There is a unanimous consensus about the importance of dealing with such dynamic relationship, which is seems to be a cornerstone element in setting any ambition strategies (energy, ecological and economics). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the causal relationship between two types of energy variables and economic growth using dynamic simultaneous-equation panel data models for 17 developed and developing countries. Our results indicate that there is a unidirectional causality running from nuclear consumption to economic growth in Belgium and Spain, while a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to nuclear consumption is supported in Bulgaria, Canada, Netherlands, and Sweden. A bidirectional relationship appears in Argentina, Brazil, France, Pakistan, and the USA, while no causality exists in Finland, Hungary, India, Japan, Switzerland, and the U.K. Second, the results for the second nexus among renewable energy and economic growth show that there is a unidirectional causality running from renewable consumption to economic growth in Hungary, India, Japan, Netherlands, and Sweden, while there exist a unidirectional running from economic growth to renewable consumption in Argentina, Spain, and Switzerland. A bidirectional relationship is supported in Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, France, Pakistan, and the USA, while no causality exists in Brazil, Finland, and Switzerland. Third, we find the existence of a bidirectional causality between nuclear consumption and economic; and a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to renewable energy consumption for the global panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an extensive review of the rapidly growing in the literature on the nexus between economic growth and four types of energy consumption: total energy consumption, electricity consumption, nuclear consumption, and renewable consumption. The various hypotheses associated with the causal interaction between these variables along with a survey of the empirical literature are also discussed. The survey focuses on country coverage, periods, modeling techniques, and empirical conclusions. A general observation from these studies that results are found to be sensitive to methodology and type of energy considered. The empirical results for the specific countries surveyed show that (i) for energy consumption-growth nexus: 29% supported the growth hypothesis, 27% the feedback hypothesis, 23% the conservation hypothesis, and 21% the neutrality hypothesis; (ii) for the electricity consumption-growth nexus: 40% supported the growth hypothesis, 33% the feedback hypothesis, and 27% conservation hypothesis; (iii) for the nuclear consumption-growth nexus: 60% supported the neutrality hypothesis, and 40% the growth hypothesis; and (iv) for the renewable consumption-growth nexus: 40% supported the neutrality hypothesis, 40% the conservation hypothesis, and 20% the growth hypothesis. These mixed results may be attributed to the different used data, selected variables, and econometric approaches undertaken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]