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Energy has an essential role in the socio-economic development of a country, therefore reliable and sustainable energy supply is a prerequisite for its prosperity. Strategies that analyze and predict energy demand in the future emphasize that local, renewable and sustainable energy sources should be in the focus of interest. Autonomous Province (AP) Vojvodina is a northern part of Republic of Serbia and an energy-deficient province. Crop residues represent the most abundant and promising biomass type for sustainable energy production in agricultural regions, including Vojvodina. Biomass is most commonly utilized through combustion for heat generation. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of total solid biomass potential (from agriculture, fruit and vine growing, forestry and wood processing) for energy generation in AP Vojvodina. Although this potential was initially estimated at 6.45 Mt per year, after considering all the influencing factors, it was concluded that only 2.45 Mt could be used for energy purposes. Solid biomass potential is equivalent to around 0.8 Mtoe per year and is sufficient to substitute completely solid and liquid fossil fuel consumption in Vojvodina, according to final energy balance of AP Vojvodina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy goal of Serbia is to reach the share of 27% renewables in its final energy consumption by the year 2020. Geothermal energy is the source that can significantly contribute to the achievement of this goal, particularly in the domain of direct utilization. Indjija municipality is located in the northern part of Serbia and is a typical representative of a region in the Pannonian Basin. In Indjija municipality two exploration boreholes are drilled. Conducted analysis has shown that one of them (Indj-3/H) did not achieve expected results and was labeled as negative. The second (Indj-1/H) was labeled valid for the evaluation of prospective use of geothermal fluid. The results have shown that around 1.25×10 6 m 3 of water can be obtained annually from the second drill. With complete effusion in the drill Indj-1/H, a total of 10.85 GWh can be expected annually. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the geothermal energy potential of Indjija municipality based on two exploratory drill sites. Firstly, geomorphological, geological, geophysical, hydrogeological and hydrothermal characteristics of the area are determined. In addition to this, physicochemical characteristics of geothermal and mineral waters, as well as drill׳s capacity are analyzed. In accordance with the results, possible applications of the geothermal fluid are considered and recommendations for direct use are given. Feasibility study was conducted for a combined multifunctional system. Investment is profitable after 3–5 years depending of the scenarios. It is concluded that balneology, spas, sports and tourism activities, as well as sanitary hot water supply and space heating are the most appropriate forms for direct use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The interest in increasing the participation of renewable energy sources (RES) in energy production arises with increasing population and growing demands for energy production and consumption, as well as the fact of the limited fossil fuels reserves. RES in the energy balance of any country has their share of energy, socio-economic and environmental benefits. Investment in energy sector in the RES domain enables Vojvodina Province to reduce energy dependence on the fossil fuel market. From the total RES potential in Vojvodina Province that is 1293ktoe/year, around 1.7% is located in existing geothermal sources. There are 73 drills with a total capacity of 72.6MW from which 65 drills are tested positive. Currently, 15 wells are in production, with a total power of 17.7MW. There are 27 drills that have never been in production and which are perspective, with a total power of 42.8MW. The aim of this paper is to perform data analysis of direct geothermal energy utilization according to the water temperature and geothermal fluid flow. According to the results of the analysis recommendations for geothermal energy utilization are given within certain sectors: agriculture (aquaculture and greenhouses), heating of the facilities and pools, industrial applications and balneology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]