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Smart grid engineering is the key for a beneficial use of widespread energy resources, it is a modernized electrical grid that uses analog or digital information and communications technology. Renewable energy itself a thrust area of research due to its availability, applicability and environmental friendly nature and the application of smart grid in renewable energy makes it vast and more promising. This fusion enables the efficient use of renewable energies which is a key challenge for now. The present review paper attempts to investigate the role of smart grid in the renewable energy. The introductory section sets the role of renewable energy and distributed power in a smart grid system. Subsections cover the concept and availability of renewable energies, renewable energy power calculation formulae, smart grid concepts and its feasibility, case studied as performed by different researchers around the World, discussion and future recommendations and finally the conclusions from the study. To achieve this, articles from different sources such as internet, reports, conferences and journals of Elsevier, Springer, Tailor and Franacis, Wiley and many more have been collected and reviewed. This paper concludes that renewable energies can be used efficiently and in a smart way by using the smart grids. However, the smart grid technology is not mature enough and needs more research on the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data-driven models for industrial energy savings heavily rely on sensor data, experimentation data and knowledge-based data. This work reveals that too much research attention was invested in making data-driven models, as supposed to ensuring the quality of industrial data. Furthermore, the true challenge within the Industry 4.0 is with data communication and infrastructure problems, not so significantly on developing modelling techniques. Current methods and data infrastructures for industrial energy savings were comprehensively reviewed to showcase the potential for a more accurate and effective digital twin-based infrastructure for the industry. With a few more development in enabling technologies such as 5G developments, Internet of Things (IoT) standardization, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain 3.0 utilization, it is but a matter of time that the industry will transition towards the digital twin-based approach. Global government efforts and policies are already inclining towards leveraging better industrial energy efficiencies and energy savings. This provides a promising future for the development of a digital twin-based energy-saving system in the industry. Foreseeing some potential challenges, this paper also discusses the importance of symbiosis between researchers and industrialists to transition from traditional industry towards a digital twin-based energy-saving industry. The novelty of this work is the current context of industrial energy savings was extended towards cutting-edge technologies for Industry 4.0. Furthermore, this work proposes to standardize and modularize industrial data infrastructure for smart energy savings. This work also serves as a concise guideline for researchers and industrialists who are looking to implement advanced energy-saving systems. Image 1 • Various countries transitioning towards Industry 4.0 via industrial analytics and energy savings. • Enabling technologies can lead to the deployment of new industrial data infrastructures. • Advances in digital twins, AI, blockchain and IoT can serve as enabling technologies. • Global policies are inclining towards improving industrial energy efficiency. • Communication between researchers and industrialist is crucial for implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]