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Lithuania has developed several important climate change mitigation policy documents however there are no attempts in Lithuania to develop local climate change mitigation policies or to decentralize climate change mitigation policy. The aim of the paper is to analyse climate change mitigation policies in households. The paper presents the framework for the assessment of reasonably achievable GHG emission reduction (RAER) potential in households based on behavioral changes related to energy consumption. The paper presents the results of empirical application of developed framework in Lithuanian households. Community based social marketing approach was implemented and GHG emission reduction potential was assessed in focus groups of Kaunas region county during preparation of sustainable development strategy and long-term strategic development plan for Kaunas region county. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a developing country like Bangladesh, there exists research gaps on the long-term trend, regional variation, potential renewable energy use from livestock wastes in the urban areas as a means for circular economy adoption, associated climate change mitigation benefits, and policy regime analysis. This study investigates the (i) pattern and regional variation in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the livestock sector, (ii) climate change mitigation benefits of circular economy-based resource consumption from livestock waste-based renewable biogas use in the urban areas of Bangladesh, and (iii) policies and measures driving the renewable energy generation from livestock wastes. This research employed standard GHG emission quantification model, and scenario analysis. Between 1996 and 2016, the GHG emissions of Bangladesh's livestock sector increased from 20.54 to 26.55 million of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO 2eq). The business as usual (BAU) scenario exhibits 2.37 times growth from 26.55 Mt CO 2eq in 2016 to 62.96 Mt CO 2eq in 2050. In the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) substitution scenario, GHG emissions fall to 37.56 Mt CO 2eq by 2050. A combination of all the renewable energy use measures can result in a drop of 37.5% GHG emissions compared to the BAU level. The study observed that promoting the biogas generation from livestock wastes through commercial biogas generation is currently absent in Bangladesh. Most of the existing financial schemes and subsidy programs are dedicated to the household level. The outcome is supportive to enhance renewable energy use in urban areas of Bangladesh and other countries alike thinking to promote the circular economy. Image 1 • 26.55 Mt CO 2eq greenhouse gas emitted by the livestock sector in Bangladesh. • 37.5% emissions reduction compared to the BAU level can be achievable through circular economy-based principle. • Existing financial schemes and subsidy programs are focused on household scale rather than commercial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews climate change mitigation policies implemented in five major emitting economies: China, the European Union, India, Japan and the United States. It analyses their historical performance in terms of energy system and greenhouse gas emissions indicators. In cases where policies aim to reduce future emissions, their target performance levels are assessed. The review centres on the sectors of electricity generation, passenger vehicles, freight transport, forestry, industry, buildings, agriculture, and oil and gas production. Most focus countries have implemented successful policies for renewable energy, fuel efficiency, electrification of passenger vehicles, and forestry. For other sectors, information is limited or very heterogeneous (e.g. buildings, appliances, agriculture) or there are few comprehensive policies in place (e.g. industry). The article further presents an explorative emissions scenario developed under the assumption that all countries will replicate both the observed trends in sector-level indicators and the trends that policies for future emissions reductions aspire to achieve. It shows that the global replication of sector progress would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 by about 20% compared to a current policies scenario. All countries analysed would overachieve the emissions reduction targets in their post-2020 climate targets. However, the resulting reduction in global emissions by 2030 would still not be sufficient to keep the world on track for a global cost-effective pathway that keeps temperature increase below 2°C. The findings of this study emphasise the need for transformative policies to keep the Paris Agreement temperature limit within reach. • China, the EU, Japan, India and the USA have effective policies for renewable energy, passenger vehicles, and forestry. • Other sectors are lagging behind in climate change mitigation. • Global replication of sector policies would reduce emissions by 20% in 2030. • This would, however, not close the emissions gap in 2030. • Implied emissions reductions go beyond the Nationally Determined Contributions for all economies analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]