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Decarbonisation strategies for eight German manufacturing companies of different industries (electrical, chemical, beverage, mechanical engineering, automotive, polymer processing) are developed and analysed. The abatement potential and economic feasibility of strategies depend to a large extent on individual preconditions e.g., the area available for renewable energy systems, and dynamic effects, for example the changing emission intensity of local electricity generation. The strategies lead to a reduction of between 41 % and 88 % for seven of the eight companies. The in-depth case studies show that energy efficiency measures and expanding the company's own renewable energy plants, except for solar heat, are particularly cost-effective, while shutting-down existing combined heat and power plants has the highest abatement costs between 169 and 1686 EUR/tCO 2 e. Decarbonising electricity procurement and switching from natural gas to biomethane have the highest greenhouse gas abatement potential in Scope 1 and 2. The novelty of this work is the linking of economic and ecological considerations of measures in the context of company-specific decarbonisation strategies. Using marginal abatement cost curves, different options for emission reductions are discussed and general conclusions for the development of decarbonisation strategies in the manufacturing sector are drawn. [Display omitted] • In-depth decarbonisation strategies are developed for eight manufacturing companies. • Abatement potential and economic feasibility depend largely on dynamic effects. • Energy efficiency and own renewable generation capacity are most cost-effective. • Marginal abatement cost curves link economic and ecological potential. • Greenhouse gas abatement costs are quantified for different industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deep decarbonization of the power systems is pivotal to the efforts of global energy transition and climate mitigation. The small modular reactor (SMR) is a decarbonized, reliable and secure generating technology that can bring new possibilities for global power-sector transition. However, such a transition involves a variety of complexities even beyond conventional systems. We comprehensively explore the SMR deployment and the decarbonization pathway in a number of diversified power and jurisdictional systems under various complexities associated with multiple variables, objectives, criteria and constraints that have dynamic and interactive relationships. This effort is based on the development of an SMR-embedded multi-region power system management model (SMPM). Using Canada as an example, here we show that SMRs would play different roles in diversified power systems, particularly for fossil-fuel dependent, highly variable renewable energy-penetrated and off-grid. The introduction of SMRs to Canada would result in up to 71% (/48%) emission reduction from 2005 (/2018) level in the country by 2045. Our results would help show the significance of SMRs for supporting the global energy transition. [Display omitted] • An SMPM model is developed to analyze low-carbon power system transition in Canada. • Multiple complexities and uncertainties in power systems are reflected. • SMR development issue is investigated within a power-system optimization framework. • The regional development of Canada is analyzed by a holistic optimization method. • GHG emissions from Canada's power sector would be 48% lower in 2045 than in 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon Capture and Storage is a technology of paramount importance for the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and the Sustainable Development Goal 5 (Climate Action). The European Union is moving rapidly towards low carbon technologies, for instance via the Energy Union Strategy. Coupling biofuels and carbon capture and storage to decarbonize the power and the industrial sector can be done through the development of BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage). Chemical Looping combustion is one of the cheapest way to capture CO 2. A Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) plant can be coupled with a turbo expander to convert energy to power, but it has to work in pressurised conditions. The effect of pressure on the chemical reactions and on fluidised bed hydrodynamics, at the moment, is not completely clear. The aim of this review is to summarize the most important highlights in this field and also provide an original method to optimize power plant efficiency. The main objective of our research is that to design a pressurised Chemical Looping Combustion plant which can be coupled to a turbo expander. To achieve this we need to start from the characteristics of the turbo expander itself (eg. the Turbine Inlet Temperature and the compression ratio) and then design the chemical looping combustor with a top down approach. Once the air and the fuel reactor have been dimensioned and the oxygen carrier inventory and circulation rate have been identified, the paper proposes a final optimization procedure based on two energy balances applied to the two reactors. The results of this work propose an optimization methodology and guidelines to be used for the design of pressurised chemical looping reactors to be coupled with turbo expanders for the production of power with carbon negative emissions. • BECCS technology can be developed by coupling PCLC with a gas turbine. • Efficiency of a chemical looping combined cycle plant can range between 42.1% and 52.4%. • Pressure can affect minimum fluidization velocity in the fluidised bed reactor. • The influence of pressure is dependent on the type of bed particles and their dimension. • Circulation rate is one of the most critical factors in PCLC design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal-fired power plays an important role in China's power supply, even though the photovoltaic (PV) power has developed rapidly in recent years. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is essential for achieving anticipated long-term climate change mitigation targets. However, China's government subsidy policies tend to support PV, while incentives for CCS are few. Given this situation, a trinomial tree modeling-based real options approach was developed to evaluate CCS retrofitting investment in coal-fired power plants versus PV power investment. This model includes setting different policy scenarios by considering electricity tariff subsidies and Chinese emission trading scheme (CN-ETS). The results showed that coal-fired power with CCS has a cost advantage over PV power in most provinces in China, if the electricity tariff and other subsidy policies remain the same; however, PV power will be cheaper than coal-fired power with CCS in Yunnan, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai and Shanxi provinces in the above cases. Incorporating CCS into CN-ETS could cut the former's application cost, but the incentive effect of CN-ETS is not obvious, because the carbon price in China is currently too cheap, and the incentive effect of a power tariff subsidy (subsidy at the PV power tariff level) is much better for PV than for CN-ETS. Increasing the load factor is an important way to reduce the CCS application cost for power plants. The results of this study provide reference and guidance for the collaborative development of CCS and PV. • Trinomial tree model was used to evaluate CCS and PV investment. • CCS and PV investment were compared in different provinces in China. • Regional factors and policy factors were taken into account. • Suggestions on CCS and PV development in China were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]