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• Joint inspection and renewal planning for a system of multiple non-identical components. • Considering impact of preventive decommissioning of components that causes future performance loss of the system. • Optimal plan is competitive with condition-based maintenance approaches. • Case study of sugar production boiler to evaluate benefit of optimized strategy. In this paper, a system of multiple degrading components in series reliability is considered where the system performance is a monotonically increasing function of the number of working components. By decommissioning failed components, the system is restored to working order, but the performance loss may only be recovered when the entire system is renewed. The failure risks are managed by inspecting components and conducting preventive decommissioning based on the result. Thus, a complete maintenance and inspection policy will specify when and what components to inspect/decommission and when to renew the entire system. A joint inspection, decommissioning, and renewal plan is developed that minimizes the cost rate and this policy is applied to a boiler heat exchanger operating in a sugar mill. The results show that the proposed policy yields significant savings compared to a benchmark fixed-interval inspection policy and is competitive with a sophisticated condition-based approach. Moreover, in contrast to the condition-based benchmark, the proposed policy provides the entire inspection and renewal plan early in the system's life rather than re-planning after each inspection. Thus, the proposed approach is quite practical–it provides additional predictability in direct expenditures compared to the best condition-based policy and has statistically similar total costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]