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This chapter focuses on regulation of minority religions in Japan and China. It details the markedly different responses to perceived challenges and conflicts involving newer religions in Japan and China. The animus toward the Unification Church in Japan is noteworthy particularly in its being tolerated by police and legal authorities in Japan. It is also ironic that the Chinese are using ideas from Western anti-cultism. In Japan, an ironic aspect of the Aum tragedy is that the initial hesitancy in dealing with complaints about Aum activities was partially related to the Westernized concept of religious freedom that had been forced on Japanese society after World War II.