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DOLOREUX D. (2004) Regional innovation systems in Canada: a comparative study. Reg. Studies 38, 481-494. The Regional Innovation System (RIS) has become a leading approach in explaining the innovation processes and patterns experienced by firms and industries at the regional level. This paper investigates the innovation activities of small and medium sized enterprises in different regions, assesses the extent of their involvement in systemic innovation with other organizations, and examines the nature of regional and more diffused forms of interaction in innovation activity. The discussion draws its empirical substance from the Ottawa and Beauce regions of Canada, regions characterized by different preconditions to innovation in terms of industrial production structure and institutional environments. The results indicate that the innovation activities of surveyed firms in the two regions converge into a similar pattern, as far as innovation practices, information sources and the role of geography are concerned. In addition, the significance of the region as a support to innovation is not confirmed; firms make use of regional, national and even global knowledge sources to sustain innovation. Regional Innovation Systems Innovation Network Beauce Ottawa DOLOREUX D. (2004) Les systemes regionaux d'innovation au Canada: une etude comparative, Reg. Studies 38, 481-494. Le Systeme Regional d'Innovation (SRI) est devenu une approche dominante pour expliquer les processus d'innovation des firmes et des industries au niveau regional. Cet article examine les activites d'innovation des petites et moyennes entreprises dans des regions differentes, evalue dans quelle mesure elles developpent des relations systemiques avec d'autres organisations, et identifie les formes d'interactions territorialisees et celles plus diffuses dans les processus d'innovation. L'etude empirique porte sur les regions d'Ottawa et Beauce au Canada, regions caracterisees par des conditions differentes en termes de structure de production industrielle et d'environnements institutionnels. Les resultats indiquent que les activites d'innovation des entreprises enquetees dans les deux regions convergent vers des comportements similaires en ce qui concerne les pratiques d'innovation, les sources d'information utilisees et le role de la region. En plus, l'importance de la region comme support a I'innovation des entreprises n'est pas confirmee et du fait meme les entreprises utilisent tant les ressources locales/regionales que nationales et internationales dans les processus d'innovation. Systemes regionaux d'innovation Innovation Reseau Beauce Ottawa DOLOREUX D. (2004) Regionale Innovationssysteme in Kanada: eine Vergleichsstudie, Reg. Studies 38, 481-494. Das regionale Innovationssystem (RIS) ist zu einem fuhrenden Ansatz zur Erlauterung des Innovationsprozesses und von Mustern geworden, die Firmen und Industrien auf regionaler Ebene erfahren haben. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Innovationstatigkeiten kleiner und mittelgrosser Unternehmen in verschiedenen Regionen, beurteilt das Ausma[section] ihrer Beteiligung in anderen Organisationen betreff systemischer Innovation, und pruft die Natur regionaler und weiter verbreiteter Formen gegenseitiger Einwirkung bezuglich innovativer Betatigung. Die Diskussion stutzt sich auf empirisches Material der kanadischen Regionen um Ottawa und Beauce, die durch verschiedene Vorbedingungen fur Innovation bezuglich Struktur der industriellen Produktion und institutionellen Milieus charakterisiert werden. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, da[section], was Innovationspraxis, Informationsquellen und die Rolle der Geographie angeht, die Innovationstatigkeiten der untersuchten Firmen in beiden Regionen in ein ahnliches Muster zusammenlaufen. Au[section]erdem wird die Bedeutung der Region als Stutze der Innovation nicht bestatigt; Firmen bedienen sich regionaler, staatlicher und sogar globaler Kenntnisse, um Innovation aufrecht zu erhalten. Regionale Innovationssysteme Innovation Netzwerk Beauce Ottawa DOLOREUX D. (2004) Sistemas de Innovacion Regional en Canada: un estudio comparativo, Reg. Studies 38, 481-494. El Sistema de Innovacion Regional (SIR) se ha convertido en el principal enfoque utilizado para explicar los procesos y patrones de innovacion que experimentan las empresas e industrias a nivel regional. Este articulo investiga las actividades de innovacion de pequenas y medianas empresas en varias regiones, evalua su grado de participacion en innovacion sistemica con otras organizaciones, y examina la naturaleza de formas de interaccion tanto regional como otras formas de interaccion mas difusas en actividades de innovacion. El contenido empirico de esta discusion proviene de las regiones de Ottawa y Beauce en Canada, unas regiones que se caracterizan por distintas precondiciones de cara a la innovacion en terminos de estructuras de produccion industrial y ambientes institucionales. Los resultados indican que las actividades de innovacion de las empresas encuestadas en las dos regiones convergen en un patron similar, en lo que se refiere a practicas de innovacion, fuentes de informacion, y el papel de la geografia. Ademas, la significancia de la region como apoyo a la innovacion no se confirma; las empresas hacen uso de fuentes de conocimiento regionales, nacioles e incluso globales para sustentar la innovacion. Sistemas de Innovacion Regional (SIR) Innovacion Redes Beauce Ottawa JEL classifications: O18, R11, R58

This article contributes to the growing literature on a broader understanding of new industry path creation shaped by regional preconditions as well as multi-actor and multi-scale interventions. Using the case of Montreal's artificial intelligence (AI) industry as its testing ground, the findings point to the significance of pre-existing industrial structures and knowledge base, as well as the importance of new innovative entrepreneurship, institutional entrepreneurship and coordinated multilevel policy initiatives directed at nurturing the new industries, and collective place-based leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to define, let alone locate, knowledge. Research in regional studies suggests that cities are the focus of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), attract knowledge workers, and concentrate research and development (R&D) and universities: the implication is that knowledge is created in and diffused from urban centres. We suggest this may be a consequence of only studying knowledge that is relevant to, and used by, city-based industries: a growing number of researchers show that some types of knowledge are generated in non-urban or small-town clusters. This study focuses on the geography of KIBS (a proxy for knowledge inputs) used by Canadian winemakers (an emerging sector located in rural areas). After questioning what is meant by 'knowledge', we show that services incorporating knowledge of different types are sourced from different types of location. We conclude that there is no single geography of knowledge: for winemakers, different types of knowledge are sourced from cities, wine regions and also dispersed non-urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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