28 results on '"Chômage"'
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2. What drives unemployment disparities in European regions? A dynamic spatial panel approach.
- Author
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Rios, Vicente
- Subjects
UNEMPLOYMENT ,REGIONAL disparities in unemployment ,ECONOMETRICS ,LABOR market ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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3. Wage flexibility in the Chinese labour market, 1989–2009.
- Author
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Kang, Lili and Peng, Fei
- Subjects
WAGES ,LABOR market ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,PANEL analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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4. The Chance to Work in Britain: Matching Unemployed People to Vacancies in Good Times and Bad.
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Taulbut, Martin and Robinson, Mark
- Subjects
UNEMPLOYED people ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,JOB vacancies ,PUBLIC welfare ,LABOR market - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
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5. Grim down South? The Determinants of Unemployment Increases in British Cities in the 2008–2009 Recession.
- Author
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Lee, Neil
- Subjects
UNEMPLOYMENT ,CITIES & towns ,FINANCIAL services industry ,MANUFACTURING industries ,RECESSIONS ,GLOBAL Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
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6. Unemployment Volatility and Regional Specialization in the European Union.
- Author
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Ezcurra, Roberto
- Subjects
UNEMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC activity ,ECONOMIC specialization ,MARKET volatility - Abstract
Ezcurra R. Unemployment volatility and regional specialization in the European Union, Regional Studies. This paper examines the link between unemployment volatility and the sectoral composition of economic activity in the regions of the European Union over the period 1980-2004. To that end, different spatial econometric techniques are used that allow the investigation of the role played in this context by spatial effects and geographical spillovers. The results show that unemployment volatility is positively related to regional specialization in the European Union. This finding does not depend on the use in the analysis of absolute or relative specialization measures. [image omitted] Ezcurra R. L'instabilite du chomage et la specialisaiton regionale dans l'Union europeenne, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche a examiner le lien entre l'instabilite du chomage et la structure sectorielle de l'activite economique dans les regions de l'Union europeenne entre 1980 et 2004. Dans ce but, on emploie diverses techniques econometriques qui permettent un examen du role joue dans ce contexte par les effets et les retombees geographiques. Les resultats laissent voir une correlation etroite entre l'instabilite du chomage et la specialisation regionale dans l'Union europeenne. Ce resultat ne depend pas de l'emploi dans l'analyse des mesures de specialisation absolues ou relatives. Chomage Instabilite Specialisaton Regions Union europeenne Ezcurra R. Volatilitat der Arbeitslosigkeit und regionale Spezialisierung in der Europaischen Union, Regional Studies. In diesem Artikel wird die Beziehung zwischen der Volatilitat der Arbeitslosigkeit und der sektoralen Zusammensetzung der Wirtschaftstatigkeit in den Regionen der Europaischen Union im Zeitraum von 1980 bis 2004 beschrieben. Zu diesem Zweck kommen verschiedene raumliche okonometrische Techniken zum Einsatz, die eine Untersuchung der Rolle von raumlichen Effekten und geografischen Ubertragungen in diesem Kontext ermoglichen. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass die Volatilitat der Arbeitslosigkeit in der Europaischen Union in einer positiven Beziehung zur regionalen Spezialisierung steht. Dieses Ergebnis hangt nicht davon ab, ob bei der Analyse absolute oder relative Massstabe der Spezialisierung eingesetzt werden. Arbeitslosigkeit Volatilitat Spezialisierung Regionen Europaische Union Ezcurra R. Volatilidad de las tasas de desempleo y especializacion regional en la Union Europea, Regional Studies. Este trabajo estudia la relacion entre la volatilidad de las tasas de desempleo y la composicion sectorial de la actividad economica en las regiones de la Union Europea a lo largo del periodo 1980-2004. Para ello el autor utiliza diferentes tecnicas de econometria espacial que permiten determinar la importancia en este contexto de la localizacion geografica de las distintas regiones. El analisis llevado a cabo muestra que la volatilidad de las tasas de desempleo esta correlacionada positivamente con el nivel de especializacion regional. De hecho, este resultado no depende de la utilizacion en el analisis de medidas de especializacion absolutas o relativas. Desempleo Volatilidad Especializacion Regiones Union Europea [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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7. Unemployment and Firm Entry and Exit: An Update on a Controversial Relationship.
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Santarelli, Enrico, Carree, Martin, and Verheul, Ingrid
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UNEMPLOYMENT ,LABOR market ,UNEMPLOYED people ,EMPLOYMENT ,RIGHT to work (Human rights) - Abstract
Santarelli E., Carree M. and Verheul I. Unemployment and firm entry and exit: an update on a controversial relationship, Regional Studies. The present study explores the relationship between unemployment and subsequent firm entry and exit for 103 Italian provinces for the period 1997-2003. Two models are estimated. The first model concentrates on unemployed individuals starting or closing a business in the province in which they live. The second model incorporate cross-border effects by taking into account possible start-ups by unemployed individuals from adjacent provinces. Findings show that a positive effect of unemployment on net entry is not due to a positive 'push' effect on entry, but rather to a negative effect of unemployment on firm exit. This indicates a lack of dynamics in the Italian labour market. [image omitted] Santarelli E... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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8. Geographical Concentration of Unemployment: A Male-Female Comparison in Spain.
- Author
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Alonso-Villar, Olga and Del Río, Coral
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UNEMPLOYMENT ,EMPLOYMENT ,SOCIAL problems ,INCOME inequality ,INCOME ,CITIES & towns ,SEX differences (Biology) - Abstract
Alonso-Villar O. and Del Río C. Geographical concentration of unemployment: a male-female comparison in Spain, Regional Studies. The aim of this paper is to analyse gender differences in the spatial distribution of unemployment. Specifically, it is explored whether agglomeration can influence gender gaps in unemployment rates. In doing so, tools are used from the literature on economic geography and income distribution and they are adapted to the present case. Using data from Spain, it is shown that the advantage of living in large cities does not affect women and men equally; agglomeration seems especially to favour the female population. The results also suggest that the female employment premium appears only in municipalities of a certain size. [image omitted] Alonso-Villar O. et Del Río C. La concentration géographique du chômage: une comparaison hommes-femmes en Espagne, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à analyser les différences par sexe de la distribution géographique du chômage... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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9. Regional Disparities in the Unemployment Rate: The Role of the Wage-setting Mechanism in Spain, 1987-92.
- Author
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Bande, Roberto, Fernández, Melchor, and Montuenga, VíctorM.
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UNEMPLOYMENT ,LABOR productivity ,LABOR market ,WAGES - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
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10. Regional Problems are "Balance-of-Payments" Problems.
- Author
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Thirlwall, A.P.
- Subjects
BALANCE of payments ,TERMS of trade ,FOREIGN exchange ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,EXPORTS ,SUPPLY & demand - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
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11. The diversion from ‘unemployment’ to ‘sickness’ across British regions and districts.
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Beatty, Christina and Fothergill, Stephen
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UNEMPLOYMENT ,SICK leave ,LABOR market ,ECONOMIC conditions in Great Britain, 1997- ,LABOR supply - Abstract
Beatty C. and Fothergill S. (2005) The diversion from ‘unemployment’ to ‘sickness’ across British regions and districts, Regional Studies 39 , 837–854. Around 2.7 million non‐employed adults of working age in the UK claim sickness‐related benefits, and the numbers have risen steeply over time. The very large variation in the numbers across districts and regions points strongly to extensive hidden unemployment, especially in older industrial areas affected by job losses. This paper builds on two previous papers by the same authors – one dealing with the theoretical framework and the other with a local case study – to present wholly new estimates of the scale of the diversion across all parts of the country. It also questions contemporary perceptions of the UK labour market and the validity of current approaches to re‐engaging sickness claimants with employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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12. Economic Change and the Labour Market in Britain's Seaside Towns.
- Author
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Beatty, Christina and Fothergill, Stephen
- Subjects
LABOR market ,HOLIDAYS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,TOURISM - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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13. European Unemployment and Lessons for Ireland.
- Author
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Kennedy, Kieran A.
- Abstract
KENNEDY K. A. (1995) European unemployment and lessons for Ireland, Reg. Studies 29, 439–451. The trends and reasons for the rise in EU unemployment in the last two decades are analysed against the background of the European Commission's (1993) White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness, Employment. In particular, the labour market problems confronting the poorer peripheral states of the EU (Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain) are addressed and the relevance of the Commission's proposals for them assessed. The adequacy of the EU White Paper in tackling the problem of unemployment is questioned on two grounds. First, the powers necessary to tackle the unemployment problem rest with each Member State and, with a lack of consensus on the appropriate policies, the potential for EU-wide action is hampered. Second, the particular labour market problems of the peripheral states (low participation, underemployment and low incomes) are not accurately reflected in the White Paper discussions on the scale of unemployment in the EU. The paper concludes with a call for more extensive regional policies at Community level. KENNEDY K. A. (1995) Le chômage en Europe et les enseignements à en tirer pour l'Irlande, Reg. Studies 29, 439–451. Les tendances et les raisons de la montée du chômage dans l'UE au cours des deux dernières décennies sont analysées dans le cadre du livre blanc de la Commission Européenne (1993) sur La Croissance, la Compétitivité et l'Emploi. En particulier les problèmes du marché du travail qu'affrontent les pays membres de l'UE situés à la périphérie (à savoir la Grèce, l'Irlande, le Portugal et l'Espagne) sont abordés et la pertinence des propositions de la Commission évaluée. On conteste si, oui ou non, le livre blanc de l'UE suffit pour aborder le problème du chômage pour deux raisons. En premier, le pouvoir nécessaire pour aborder le problème du chômage appartient à chacun des pays membres et étant donné le manque de consensus sur les politiques appropriées, la possibilité des actions menées sur le plan de l'UE se voit entraver. En deuxième, le débat au sein du livre blanc qui porte sur l'importance du chômage dans l'UE, ne reflète pas avec précision les problèmes particuliers des marchés du travail des pays membres sitvés à la périphérie (à savoir taux d'activité faibles, sous-emploi, et revenus modestes). Pour conclure l'article demande des politiques régionales de plus grande envergure sur le plan de l'UE. KENNEDY K. A. (1995) Erwerbslosigkeit in Europa, und sich daraus ergebende Lehren für Irland, Reg. Studies 29, 439–451. Tendenzen in und Gründe für die Zunahme der Erwerbslosigkeit in der EU während der beiden letzten Jahrzehnte werden vor dem Hintergrund des Weißbuchs der Europäischen Kommission (1993) über Wachstum, Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und Erwerbstätigkeit analysiert, wobei besonders die Arbeitsmarktprobleme, denen sich die ärmeren Staaten an der Peripherie der EU (Griechenland, Irland, Portugal und Spanien) gegenübersehen, angegangen, und die Relevanz der Vorschläge der Kommission für sie beurteilt wurde. Die Bearbeitung des Problems der Erwerbslosigkeit in dem Weißbuch der EU wird aus zweierlei Gründen als unzulänglich empfunden: erstens liegen die notwendigen Kompetenzen, das Problem der Erwerbslosigkeit in den Griff zu bekommen, bei den einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten, und ohne ein Übereinkommen über angemessene Programme wird das Potential von Maßnahmen europäischen Ausmaßes beeinträchtigt. Zweitens wurden die besonderen Arbeitsmarktprobleme der Randstaaten (bezüglich Teilnahme, Unterbeschäftigung und niedriger Einkommen) in den Weißbuchdiskussionen über das Ausmaß der Erwerbslosigkeit in der EU nicht genau wiedergegeben. Der Aufsatz schließt mit einem Aufruf zu umfangreicheren Regionalbestrebungen auf Gemeinschaftsebene. 1. This paper draws on work undertaken by the author in connection with three recent papers: KENNEDY, 1993; KENNEDY, 1994; and BARRY et al., 1994. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1995
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14. Male Joblessness and Job Search: Regional Perspectives in the UK, 1981–1993.
- Author
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Forsythe, F. P.
- Abstract
FORSYTHE F. P. (1995) Male joblessness and job search: regional perspectives in the UK, 1991–1993, Reg. Studies 29, 453–463. Using United Kingdom Labour Force Survey data for the years 1981–93, this paper shows that the UK national pattern of growing joblessness of males aged 18–64 masks important regional differences, both in the composition and cyclical sensitivity of the jobless total over these years. Despite the narrowing of regional unemployment rates within the UK over 1991–93, Labour Force Survey data suggest that the underlying age duration composition of unemployed males aged 18–64 continues to reflect a north–south dimension. The paper also considers the extent to which unfavourable local labour markets in northern UK regions induces low qualified unemployed males to move south in search of employment. FORSYTHE F. P. (1995) Le chômage des hommes et la recherche d'emploi: des perspectives régionales au Royaume-Uni de 1981 à 1993, Reg. Studies 29, 453–463. A partir des données provenant d'une enquête sur la population active au Royaume-Uni de 1981 à 1993, cet article cherche à démontrer que la distribution nationale du nombre croissant des hommes âgés de 18 à 64 qui sont sans emploi déguise d'importants écarts régionaux, à la fois pour ce qui est de sa composition et de sa sensibilité cyclique au nombre de chômeurs sur cette période. En dépit de la réduction des écarts des taux de chômage régionaux au sein du Royaume-Uni sur la période de 1991 à 1993, les données provenant de l'enquête sur la population active laissent supposer que la composition sous-jacente des chômeurs masculins âgés de 18 à 64 en fonction de l'âge et de la durée, continue à montrer un clivage nord–sud. Cet article considère aussi jusqu'à quel point les marchés du travail locaux défavorables sités dans les régions septentrionales du Royaume–Uni incitent les chômeurs masculins à faible qualification à se déplacer vers le sud afin de rechercher du travail. FORSYTHE F. P. (1995) Arbeitslosigkeit und Stellensuche unter Männern: Regionale Perspektiven im Vereinigten Königreich im Zeitraum 1981–1993, Reg. Studies 29, 453–463. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt mit Hilfe von Daten der Untersuchung der arbeitenden Bevölkerung des Vereinigten Königreichs für den Zeitraum 1981–93, daß das Gesamtmuster zunehmender Arbeitslosigkeit unter Männern im Alter von 18 bis 64 Jahren im Vereinigten Königreich bedeutende regionale Unterschiede verbirgt, und zwar sowohl in der Zusammensetzung wie in der zyklischen Schwankung der Gesamtzahl von Arbeitslosen im Laufe dieser Jahre. Trotz zunehmender Annäherung regionaler Arbeitslosenraten im Vereinigten Königreich im Zeitraum 1981–93 legen die Angaben der Untersuchung der arbeitenden Bevölkerung nahe, daß die der Zusammenstellung zu Grunde liegenden Alter/Dauer der Arbeitsverhältnisse unbeschäftigter Männer im Alter von 18–64 Jahren weiterhin eine Nord–Süddimension widerspiegelt. Der Aufsatz zieht auch in Betracht, in welchem Ausmaß ungünstige örtliche Arbeitsmärkte in nördlichen Gebieten des Vereinigten Königreichs erwerbslose, wenig qualifizierte Männer dazu bewegt, im Süden Arbeit zu suchen. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1995
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15. The Unemployment Rate and the Business Cycle in Britain: An Aggregate and Regional Analysis.
- Author
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Jones, David, Manning, Neil, and Stevenson, Maxwell
- Abstract
JONES D., MANNING N. and STEVENSON M. (1994) The unemployment rate and the business cycle in Britain: an aggregate and regional analysis, Reg. Studies 28, 591–604. It has been suggested that if the business cycle is to be explained, then its behaviour should be related to a non-linear dynamic process, not unlike a limit cycle. The time irreversibility exhibited by post-war unemployment data is not untypical of a pattern generated by such a non-linear structure. Such a possibility could have important implications for economic policy. In certain cases, non-linearities make forecasting extremely hazardous if not impossible, as base-line measurement errors cause prediction errors to accumulate at an exponential rate. Equally worrying is that fundamentally mistaken policy can arise when linear specifications are used to approximate non-linear relationships. The present paper tests for non-linearities in the dynamics of regional unemployment in Britain. Appealing to the idea of a regime-switching process, we use the methodology of the self-exciting threshold autoregressive model (SETAR). Our ability to fit two-regime models to aggregate and regional unemployment series leads us to conclude that there is important, probably non-linear, behaviour in the dynamics of the unemployment rate. JONES D., MANNING N. et STEVENSON M. (1994) Le taux de chômage et le cycle économique en Grande-Bretagne: une analyse globale et régionale, Reg. Studies 28, 591–604. On a suggéré que, pour expliquer le cycle économique, il faut rapporter son comportement à un processus dynamique non-linéaire, un peu comme un cycle limite. L'irréversibilité temps démontré par les données relatives au chômage d'après-guerre est une caractéristique d'une distribution engendrée par une telle structure non-linéaire. Une telle possibilité pourrait avoir des conséquences importantes dans le domaine de la politique économique. Dans certains cas les effets non-linéaires rendent la prévision extrêmement aléatoire, voire impossible, parce que les erreurs de mesure partant de zéro incitent à un accroissement exponentielle des erreurs de prévision. Il est inquiétant aussi qu'une politique qui s'avère fondamentalement fausse puisse en résulter quand on utilise des précisions linéaires afin d'estimer des rapports non-linéaires. Le présent article recherche l'existence des effets non-linéaires dans la dynamique du chômage régional en Grande-Bretagne. Faisant appel à l'idée d'un processus qui permet un changement de régime, on utilise la méthodologie du modèle autorégressif SETAR. La capacité pour ajuster des modèles à deux régimes à des données en série globales et régionales sur le chômage amène à la conclusion suivante: il y a du comportement important, en toute probabilité non-linéaire, dans la dynamique du taux de chômage. JONES D., MANNING N. und STEVENSON M. (1994) Erwerbslosenrate und Konjunkturzyklus in Großbritannien. Eine Aggregats- und Regionalanalyse, Reg. Studies 28, 591–604. Es gibt Stimmen, die behaupten, eine Erklärung des Verhaltens des Konjunkturzyklus erfordere eine Inbezugsetzung zu einem nicht-linearen dynamischen Vorgang, der einem Grenzzyklus nicht unähnlich ist. Die durch Daten der Nachkriegsarbeitslosigkeit ausgewiesene unaufhaltsame Entwicklung der Zeit ist nicht untypisch für ein derartiges durch nicht-lineare Struktur erzeugtes Muster. Solch eine Möglichkeit könnte wichtige Implikationen für die Wirtschaftspolitik enthalten. In bestimmten Fällen macht Nichtlinearität Vorhersagen außerordentlich riskant, wenn nicht gar unmöglich, da Irrtümer bei der Messung der Grundlinie Vorhersagefehler exponential vermehren. Genauso besorgniserregend ist die Tatsache, daß sich grundsätzlich fehlerhafte Vorgehensweisen ergeben, wenn lineare Daten zur annäherungsweisen Berechnung nicht-linearer Beziehungen benutzt werden. Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht die Dynamik regionaler Erwerbslosigkeit in Großbritannien auf Nichtlinearität. Unter Verweis auf die Idee einer Umstellung von Regimen benutzen die Autoren die Methode des selbstanregenden autoregressiven Schwellen modells (SETAR). Die Fähigkeit, Doppelregimemodelle aggregaten und regionalen Erwerbslosigkeitsserien anzupassen, führt zu dem Schluß, daß es wichtiges, wahrscheinlich nicht-lineares Verhalten in der Dynamik der Arbeitslosenrate gibt. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 1994
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16. Migration as Spatial Job–search: A Survey of Empirical Findings.
- Author
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Herzog, Henry W., Schlottmann, Alan M., and Boehm, Thomas P.
- Abstract
HERZOG H. W. Jr, SCHLOTTMANN A. M. And BOEHM T. P. (1993) Migration as spatial job-search: a survey of empirical findings, Reg. Studies 27, 327–340. This paper surveys the empirical literature concerning the complex interrelationships among personal unemployment, migration and the likelihood of re-employment. Particular attention is devoted to those microdata-based studies that consider migration as spatial job-search. Implications concerning migration efficiency vary among the studies surveyed, and depend upon the methodology, data and econometric procedures employed. Recent findings by the authors, based upon a new estimation technique, provide additional evidence concerning the success of job-search vis-à-vis migration. HERZOG H. W. Jr, SCHLOTTMANN A. M. Et BOEHM T. P. (1993) La migration en tant qu'un moyen spatial de rechercher un emploi: un examen des preuves empiriques, Reg. Studies 27, 327–340. Cet article examine la documentation empirique concernant les rapports complexes entre le chômage individuel, la migration et le réemploi. On fait attention notamment aux études faites à partir des microdonnées qui considèrent la migration en tant qu'un moyen spatial de rechercher un emploi. La portée de l'efficience de la migration varie suivant les études examinées et dépend de la méthodologie, des données et des procédures économétriques utilisées. Des preuves récentes des auteurs, fondées sur une nouvelle technique d'estimation, fournissent de l'evidence supplémentaire sur la réussite de la recherche en termes de la migration. HERZOG H. W. Jr, SCHLOTTMANN A. M. Und BOEHM T. P. (1993) Wanderung als Form räumlicher Stellensuche: eine Untersuchung empirischer Befunde, Reg. Studies 27, 327–340. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die empirische Literatur, die sich mit den komplexen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen persönlicher Arbeitslosigkeit, Wanderung und der Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Wiederbeschäftigung befaßt, Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird den auf Mikrodaten beruhenden Studien gewidmet, die Wanderung als räumliche Stellensuche auffassen. Die Implikationen bezüglich der Effizienz von Wanderungen schwanken von einer untersuchten Studie zur anderen, und hängen von angewandter Methodologie, Daten und ökonometrischen Verfahren ab. Kürzlich angestellte, auf eine neue Schätzungstechnik gestützte Untersuchungen der Autoren ergaben zusätzliche Beweise bezüglich des Erfolges der Stellensuche im Vergleich zu Wanderung. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1993
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17. Who Benefits from Local Job Growth: Migrants or the Original Residents?
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Bartik, Timothy J.
- Abstract
BARTIK T. J. (1993) Who benefits from local job growth: migrants or the original residents?, Reg. Studies 27, 297–311. This paper surveys research on whether the new jobs resulting from growth in a local economy (e.g. a metropolitan area) go to inmigrants or the original local residents. The empirical evidence suggests that around one-quarter of the new jobs from local growth increases the labour force participation rates of local residents in the long-run. These long-run effects may occur because local growth provides residents with valuable employment experience. Research also suggests that minorities benefit most from growth and that higher wage industries provide greater employment benefits for local residents. BARTIK T. J. (1993) Qui est-ce qui bénéficie de la croissance d'emploi locale: les migrants ou la population autochtone?, Reg. Studies 27, 297–311. Cet article étudie la recherche effectuée dans le but d'évaluer si les nouveaux emplois dus à la croissance d'une économic locale (par exemple une aire métropolitaine) sont destinés à l'afflux de migrants ou à la population autochtone. Les preuves empiriques laissent supposer qu'un quart environ des nouveaux emplois dus à la croissance locale augmente à terme les taux d'activité de la population autochtone. Ces effets à long terme se reproduisent peut-ětre parce que la croissance locale fournit à la population autochtone une initiation inestimable à la vie professionnelle. La recherche montre aussi que les minorités bénéficient le plus de la croissance et que les industries qui offrent les salaires plus élevés fournissent à la population autochtone des avantages plus nombreux dans le domaine de l'emploi. BARTIK T. J. (1993) Wem kommen vermehrte Erwerbsstellen am Orte zu Gute: Zuwanderern oder Einheimischen?, Reg. Studies 27, 297–311. Dieser Aufsatz legt einen Überblick über die Erforschung der Frage vor, ob neue Erwerbsstellen, die sich aus Wachstum der lokalen Wirtschaft (z.B. eines Großstadtgebiets wergeben), an Zuwanderer oder an ursprünglich am Orte Ansässige vergeben werden. Empirisch begründete Anhaltspunkte deuten darauf hin, daß, auf lange Sicht gesehen, etwa ein Viertel der neuen, örtlichem Wachstum zuzuschreibenden Erwerbsstellen die Teilnehmerrate der am Orte Ansässigen erhöht. Diese langfristigen Auswirkungen können auftreten, weil Lokalwachstum Einheimischen wertwolle Arbeitserfahrung vermittelt. Untersuchungén deuten auch darauf hin, daß Minderheiten am meisten von wirtschaftlicher Expansion profitieren, und daß höher entlohnte Industriearbeit größere Erwerbsvorteile für Einheimische bedeutet. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1993
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18. Long Term Unemployment, Hysteresis and the Unemployment–Vacancy Relationship: A Regional Analysis.
- Author
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Jones, D. R. and Manning, D. N.
- Abstract
JONES D. R. and MANNING D. N. (1992) Long term unemployment, hysteresis and the unemployment–vacancy relationship: a regional analysis, Reg. Studies 26, 17–29. In this paper we investigate the unemployment–vacancy (UV) relationship in the ten standard regions of Great Britain. In particular, we test the hypothesis of hysteresis in the unemployment rate and consider the importance of long term unemployment in the hysteresis mechanism. Previous work has demonstrated the importance of long term unemployment in empirical models of the aggregate UV relationship. In the regions of Britain, there is considerable heterogeneity both in the measured UV relationship and in the relative importance of long term unemployment. The nature of this heterogeneity is considered in this paper. JONES D. R. et MANNING D. N. (1992) Le chômage de longue durée, l'hystérèse et le rapport chômage–offres d'emploi une analyse régionale, Reg. Studies 26, 17–29. Cet article étudie le rapport chômage-offres d'emploi (C/O) dans les dix zones d'étude et d'aménagement du territoire en Grande-Bretagne. En particulier nous mettons à l'épreuve la notion d'hystérèse dans le taux du chômage et considérons l'importance du chômage de longue durée dans le mécanisme d'hystérèse. Des recherches antérieures ont démontré l'importance du chômage de longue durée dans les modèles empiriques du rapport C/O global. Aux régions britanniques il s'avère une hétérogénéite importante et dans le rapport C/O mesuré et dans l'importance relative du chômage de longue durée. Les caractéristiques de cette hétérogénéité se voient considérer. JONES D. R. and MANNING D. N. (1992) Langfristige Arbeitslosigkeit, Hysterese und Beziehung zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und offenen Stellen: eine Regionalanalyse, Reg. Studies 26, 17–29. Aufsatz untersucht die Beziehung zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und offenen Stellen in den zehn Standardregionen Grossbritanniens. Insbesondere wird die Hypothese der Hysterese in der Arbeitslosenrate geprüft, und die Bedeutung langfristiger Arbeitslosigkeit im Mechanismus der Hysterese behandelt. Frühere Arbeiten haben die Bedeutung langfristiger Arbeitslosigkeit in empirischen Modellen der gesamten Beziehung zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und offenen Stellen dargestellt. In den Regionen Grossbritanniens besteht beträchtliche Ungleichartigkeit sowohl in gemessener Beziehung von Arbeitslosigkeit zu offenen Stellen als auch in der relativen Bedeutung langfristiger Arbeitslosigkeit. Die Natur dieser Ungleichartigkeit wird in diesem Aufsatz behandelt. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1992
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19. Wage Inflation and Unemployment in Europe: The Regional Dimension.
- Author
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Johnes, Geraint and Hyclak, Thomas J.
- Abstract
JOHNES G. and HYCLAK T. J. (1989) Wage inflation and unemployment in Europe: the regional dimension, Reg. Studies 23, 19–26. In this paper a bargaining model of wage and unemployment determination is used to estimate regional Phillips curves for Britain, Italy and the Federal Republic of Germany. Estimates of region-specific non-accelerating inflation rates of unemployment (NAIRU) are provided, movements of these over time are examined. The impact of inter-regional differences in wage rigidity on unemployment change is analysed in the final section. JOHNES G. et HYCLAK T. J. (1989) L'inflation par les salaires et le chômage en Europe: l'optique régional, Reg. Studies 23, 19–26. Cet article se sert d'un modèle de la détermination des salaires et de l'emploi afin d'estimer des courbes de Phillips pour la Grande-Bretagne, l'Italie et la République Fédérale Allemande. On fournit des estimations des taux de chômage régionaux étant donné une inflation stable, et on examine les mouvements de ces taux sur le temps. La dernière partie comprend une analyse de l'impact des écarts interrégionaux dans la rigidité des salaires sur l'évolution du chômage. JOHNES G. und HYCLAK T. J. (1989) Lohninflation und Arbeitslosigkeit in Europa: die regionale Dimension, Reg. Studies 23, 19–26. In diesem Aufstaz wird ein Verhandlungsmodell der Lohn – und Stellenfestsetzung dazu benutzt, regionale Phillipskurven für Grossbritannien, Italien und die Bundesrepublik Deutschland zu berechnen. Schätzungen regional-spezifischer, sich nicht beschleunigender Raten der Inflation auf dem Gebiet der Arbeitslosigkeit (NAIRU) werden angegeben, und die Verschiebungen dieser NAIRU im Laufe der Zeit unter-sucht. Im letzten Abschnitt wird die Auswirkung zwischen regionalen Unterschieden in der Erstarrung von Löhnen auf Wandel bei der Arbeitslosigkeit hin untersucht. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1989
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20. Entry of the unemployed into employment: Theory, methodology and Dutch experience.
- Author
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Van Dijk, Jouke and Folmer, Hendrik
- Abstract
Van Dijk J. and Folmer H. (1985) Entry of the unemployed into employment: theory, methodology and Dutch experience, Reg. Studies 19, 243–256. This study examines the entry probabilities of the unemployed into the employed labour force. The personal characteristics (age, work experience, education and family status) and the regional characteristics (regional unemployment and average regional income) are theoretically derived as the determinants of the entry probabilities. The theoretical model is empirically tested with data from the Dutch Labour Force Survey 1979 by means of maximum likelihood logit analysis. The results closely conform to the theoretical expectations. On the basis of the analysis some conclusions for labour market policy are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1985
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21. Inefficiencies in the geographical operation of labour markets.
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Curry, Leslie
- Abstract
Curry L. (1985) Inefficiencies in the geographical operation of labour markets, Reg. Studies 19, 203–215. After postulating an efficient overall competitive spatial price equilibrium in labour markets, the real world map of wages and labour flows is introduced as an inefficient form of this configuration because of opportunities not being exploited and wages not being ‘correct’ due to ignorance. Since these markets operate via local information and income flows the employment status of an individual affects that of his neighbours. Depending on the intensity of labour demand and the coupling strength between contiguous pairs on a regular lattice, the economy can break up into polarized patches of different economic climates. Singularities now develop and previously monotonic functions develop flat parts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1985
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22. Regional bias in new firm formation in the UK.
- Author
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Whittington, R.C.
- Abstract
Whittington R. C. (1984) Regional bias in new firm formation in the UK, Reg. Studies 18, 253–256. Theories explaining regional differences in new firm formation rates are tested and, refining previous theory, a model is constructed. The major influences on new firm formation rates are found to be the regional proportions of manual workers and home ownership, and the change in the rate of regional unemployment in the preceding year. New firm formation rates are measured by new VAT registrations. The implications of these results for government small firm policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1984
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23. On the symmetry of leads and lags in studies of regional unemployment.
- Author
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Johnston, R.J.
- Abstract
Johnston R.J. (1983) On the symmetry of leads and lags in studies of regional unemployment, Reg. Studies 17, 105–112. Most studies of regional variations in unemployment trends use methods that assume a symmetry in the lead-lag relationships. It is argued that such an assumption is unwise. Illustrative data from New Zealand show that it does not hold there. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1983
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24. A second great depression in the UK regions: Can anything be done?
- Author
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Moore, Barry and Rhodes, John
- Abstract
Moore B. and Rhodes J. (1982) A second great depression in the UK regions: can anything be done? Reg. Studies 16, 323–33. This is a revised version of a paper given to the Regional Studies Conference in Glasgow in May 1981. The authors were asked to put forward the views of the Cambridge Economic Policy Group (CEPG) on the economy as a whole and to draw out any implications for the UK regions. A diagnosis of the UK economic problem and its regional manifestation is followed by a discussion of the macro-economic strategy favoured by the group which aims to ensure that the economy can be expanded at a permanently faster rate without running into balance of payments problems. Only a strategy of this kind could make a significant impact on the very high rates of unemployment in the depressed regions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1982
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25. Regional problems are “balance-of-payments” problems.
- Author
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Thirlwall, A.P.
- Abstract
Thirlwall A. P. (1980) Regional problems are balance-of-payments problems, Reg. Studies 14, 419–425. A demand-oriented model of regional growth and unemployment is developed in which it is argued that regional problems of slow growth and high unemployment are, in essence, balance-of-payments problems stemming from a weak trading sector, working through the Harrod trade multiplier. The model contrasts with the supply orientated models of neoclassical theory with their stress on factor supplies and productivity growth, apparently exogenously given and independent of demand. The model is in the Keynesian spirit, with supply adjusting to demand through factor mobility and with exports as the major component of autonomous regional demand. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1980
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26. A causal analysis of unemployment and vacancies in British regions 1969–1974.
- Author
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Hyman, G. and Palmer, D.
- Abstract
Hyman G. and Palmer D. (1980) A causal analysis of unemployment and vacancies in British regions, Reg. Studies 14, 353–365. This paper investigates the causal relationship between unemployment and vacancies for British regions using monthly time series data. Six hypotheses are examined using a model based on the theory of feedback between stationary stochastic processes. The results of the analysis are used to construct a typology of effects that synthesize the associations between the separate hypotheses at the regional level and also to construct a typology of the regions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1980
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27. The use and definition of Travel-to-Work Areas in Great Britain: Some problems.
- Author
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Ball, R.M.
- Abstract
Ball R. M. (1980) The use and definition of Travel-to-Work Areas in Great Britain: some problems, Reg. Studies 14, 125–139. The Department of Employment delimit Travel-to-Work Areas (groupings of local employment office areas) for the purpose of presenting statistics on unemployment for relatively self-contained areas. Such an approach has also formed the basis of a more general conceptualisation of local labour market areas for use in local and subregional employment analyses, Assisted Area and Local Government boundary delimitation exercises, and studies of migration. In July 1978, the Department subjected the existing Travel-to-Work Areas to a comprehensive review using journey-to-work data from the 1971 Census. In this paper, it is argued that the basis of such a revision, apparent changes in aggregate journey-to-work behaviour over the most recent inter-censal period, must be carefully interpreted in the light of a number of largely undocumented data constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
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28. Activity rates: Regional and sub-regional differentials.
- Author
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Gordon, I.R.
- Abstract
Gordon I. R. (1970) Activity rates: Regional and sub-regional differentials, Reg. Studies 4, 411–424. Data from the 1966 Census are used to show the variations in activity and inactivity rates by age group, region and sub-region within Great Britain and changes since 1961. The main factors affecting female activity rates are enumerated and four groups of factors associated respectively with unemployment, urbanization, industrial structure and the level of male earnings are identified and correlated with sub-regional inactivity rate differentials. Male inactivity is shown to be largely associated with the unemployment variable while female inactivity is shown to be equally linked with unemployment, lack of urbanization and an unfavourable industrial structure. The results are used to produce revised “armchair” regional and sub-regional estimates of labour reserves adjusted for differences in urbanization, and to suggest an improved method of estimating local reserves combining the “armchair” and “micro” approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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