Search

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper takes a fresh empirical look at how cluster presence matters for economic performance. It analyses a new data set developed for the European Cluster Observatory to assess the impact of clusters on industry-level wages and regional prosperity. It is found that industry-level wages are associated with industry- and surrounding-cluster agglomeration levels to a similar degree. For regional prosperity, cluster portfolio strength is found to matter, while the specific mix of clusters is insignificant once business environment conditions are accounted for. The data show a meaningful relationship between clusters and economic outcomes, independent of other locational qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gløersen E. Renewing the theory and practice of European applied territorial research on mountains, islands and sparsely populated areas, Regional Studies. The mention of mountains, islands and sparsely populated regions in the European Treaty and in the European Commission's Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion (2008) reflects the importance of these categories in policy debates. Different studies have investigated whether there is an evidence base that would support the design of policies targeting the social and economic development of concerned areas. This paper argues that these categories are mental constructs as much as physical realities. On this basis, a critique of currently prevailing methods in the study of these areas is developed and alternative approaches are proposed. Gløersen E. 重塑欧洲山脉、岛屿及人口稀少地区领土应用研究的理论与实践，区域研究。欧盟条约和有关领土凝聚力的欧盟绿皮书中对山区、岛屿及人口稀少地区的提及，反映了这类领土在政策争论中的重要性。曾有不同研究探索是否有证据基础可以表明，政策的设计是以这些相关地区的社会和经济发展为目标的。本文认为这类区域不仅是物质存在，更关乎于精神建设。基于此，本文批判了当前通行的针对这些区域的研究方法，并提出了新的见解。 凝聚政策 地域多样性 山区 岛屿 人口稀少地区 Gløersen E. Renouveler les fondements théoriques et la pratique de la recherche territoriale appliquée sur la montagne, les îles et les espaces faiblement peuplés, Regional Studies. Le Traité européen et le Livre vert de la Commission européenne (2008) sur la cohésion territoriale font allusion aux montagnes, aux îles et aux espaces faiblement peoples, ce qui reflète l'importance accordée à ces catégories dans les débats politiques. Différentes études ont cherché à déterminer si on peut justifier empiriquement l'élaboration des politiques visant spécifiquement à promouvoir le développement social et économique des territoires concernés. L'article soutient que ces catégories géographiques sont des constructions mentales autant que des réalités physiques. Dans ce contexte, une analyse critique des méthodes actuellement en vigueur pour étudier ces territoires est développée et des approches alternatives sont proposées. Politique de cohésion Diversité territoriale Espaces de montagne Îles Espaces faiblement peuplés Gløersen E. Erneuerung der Theorie und Praxis der angewandten europäischen Territorialforschung über Berge, Inseln und dünn besiedelte Gebiete, Regional Studies. Die Tatsache, dass Berge, Inseln und dünn besiedelte Regionen im EU-Vertrag und im Grünbuch der Europäischen Kommission über territoriale Kohäsion erwähnt werden, zeugt von der Bedeutung dieser Kategorien in den politischen Debatten. In verschiedenen Studien wurde untersucht, ob es Belege gibt, die für die Entwicklung von Politiken zur sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung der betroffenen Gebiete sprechen. In diesem Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass es sich bei diesen Kategorien ebenso um mentale Konstrukte wie um physische Realitäten handelt. Auf dieser Grundlage wird eine Kritik der momentan bei der Untersuchung dieser Gebiete vorherrschenden Methoden entwickelt, und es werden alternative Ansätze vorgeschlagen. Kohäsionspolitik Territoriale Vielfalt Bergregionen Inseln Dünn besiedelte Gebiete Gløersen E. Renovar la teoría y práctica de la investigación territorial aplicada europea sobre las montañas, las islas y los espacios escasamente poblados, Regional Studies. El hecho de que se mencionen montañas, islas y regiones escasamente pobladas en el Tratado Europeo y en el Libro Verde de la Comisión Europea sobre la cohesión territorial refleja la importancia de estas categorías en los debates políticos. En diferentes estudios se ha investigado si existe una base empírica que apoye el diseño de políticas que aborden el desarrollo social y económico de los territorios en cuestión. En este artículo argumentamos que estas categorías son tanto construcciones mentales como realidades físicas. Sobre esta premisa, hacemos un análisis crítico de los métodos actuales predominantes en el estudio de este campo y proponemos enfoques alternativos. Política de cohesión Diversidad territorial Áreas montañosas Islas Espacios escasamente poblados [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Beugelsdijk S., Van Schaik T. and Arts W. (2006) Toward a unified Europe? Explaining regional differences in value patterns by economic development, cultural heritage and historical shocks, Regional Studies 40, 317–327. The concept of the ‘Europe of the regions’ has given rise to the question of whether there is a process of cultural unification discernible among European regions. The paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of cultural differences among a panel of 55 European regions. Modernization theorists argue that cultural convergence can be expected, whereas culturalist theorists claim there are processes of path dependence. Using existing measures of culture, it is found that economic development is an important driver for value change, but that cultural (religious) heritage leaves a permanent imprint. In addition, the results suggest that historical shocks influence the process of cultural change. Beugelsdijk S., Van Schaik T. and Arts W. (2006) Toward a unified Europe? Explaining regional differences in value patterns by economic development, cultural heritage and historical shocks, Regional Studies 40, 317–327. The concept of the ‘Europe of the regions’ has given rise to the question of whether there is a process of cultural unification discernible among European regions. The paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of cultural differences among a panel of 55 European regions. Modernization theorists argue that cultural convergence can be expected, whereas culturalist theorists claim there are processes of path dependence. Using existing measures of culture, it is found that economic development is an important driver for value change, but that cultural (religious) heritage leaves a permanent imprint. In addition, the results suggest that historical shocks influence the process of cultural change. Culture, Dépendance causale, Europe, Théorie de modernisation, Théorie des apports culturels Beugelsdijk S., Van Schaik T. and Arts W. (2006) Toward a unified Europe? Explaining regional differences in value patterns by economic development, cultural heritage and historical shocks, Regional Studies 40, 317–327. The concept of the ‘Europe of the regions’ has given rise to the question of whether there is a process of cultural unification discernible among European regions. The paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of cultural differences among a panel of 55 European regions. Modernization theorists argue that cultural convergence can be expected, whereas culturalist theorists claim there are processes of path dependence. Using existing measures of culture, it is found that economic development is an important driver for value change, but that cultural (religious) heritage leaves a permanent imprint. In addition, the results suggest that historical shocks influence the process of cultural change. Kultur, Abhängigkeit vom eingeschlagenen Weg, Europa, Theorie der Modernisierung, Theorie des Kulturismus Beugelsdijk S., Van Schaik T. and Arts W. (2006) Toward a unified Europe? Explaining regional differences in value patterns by economic development, cultural heritage and historical shocks, Regional Studies 40, 317–327. The concept of the ‘Europe of the regions’ has given rise to the question of whether there is a process of cultural unification discernible among European regions. The paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of cultural differences among a panel of 55 European regions. Modernization theorists argue that cultural convergence can be expected, whereas culturalist theorists claim there are processes of path dependence. Using existing measures of culture, it is found that economic development is an important driver for value change, but that cultural (religious) heritage leaves a permanent imprint. In addition, the results suggest that historical shocks influence the process of cultural change. Cultura, Dependencia de rutas, Europa, Teoría de la modernización, Teoría culturalista [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Labrianidis L., Kalantaridis C. and Dunford M. Delocalization of economic activity: agents, places and industries, Regional Studies. Global integration and the delocalization of economic activity have been two interrelated and defining trends of the last forty years or so. In deciphering these two trends researchers developed a number of theoretical frameworks that focused particularly on informing policy practice. Within this context, this theme issue aspires to use insights gained from rigorous empirical studies in order to advance debate on four key considerations: governance structures, upgrading, labour costs and competitiveness, and future trends and patterns of change. Labrianidis L., Kalantaridis C. and Dunford M. 经济活动的去地方化：行为者、场所以及产业，区域研究。全球整合及经济活动的去地方化已成为过去四十年间已经证明且相互关联的两大发展趋势。研究者构建了一系列关注政策实践的理论框架以理解上述趋势。上述理论框架要求使用经验研究中所获取的结论来提高对于以下四个关键问题的认识：管制结构、产业升级、劳动力成本及竞争力，以及变化的趋势与模式。全球化 去地方化 管制结构 升级 经济发展 Labrianidis L., Kalantaridis C. et Dunford M. Delocalisation de l'activite economique : agents, lieux et industries, Regional Studies. Ces quelque quarante dernieres annees ont ete fortement marquees par deux tendances etroitement liees, l'integration mondiale et la delocalisation de l'activite economique. En dechiffrant ces deux tendances, les chercheurs ont developpe un certain nombre de cadres theoriques soulignant tout particulierement la necessite que les pratiques politiques s'appuient sur les donnees probantes de la recherche. Dans ce contexte, ce numero special vise a mettre a profit les enseignements retires de ces etudes empiriques rigoureuses pour faire progresser le debat concernant quatre preoccupations cles : les structures de gouvernance, la modernisation, le cout de la main d'œuvre et la competitivite, ainsi que les tendances et schemas d'evolution futurs. Mondialisation Delocalisation Structures de gouvernance Modernisation Developpement economique Labrianidis L., Kalantaridis C. und Dunford M. Delokalisierung der Wirtschaftstatigkeit: Akteure, Orte und Branchen, Regional Studies. Die globale Integration und die Delokalisierung der Wirtschaftstatigkeit sind seit etwa vierzig Jahren zwei miteinander zusammenhangende und definierende Trends. Zur Entzifferung dieser beiden Trends wurden in der Wissenschaft zahlreiche theoretische Rahmen entwickelt, die sich insbesondere auf eine Gestaltung der politischen Praxis konzentrierten. Innerhalb dieses Kontextes sollen in dieser Sonderausgabe Einblicke genutzt werden, die im Rahmen von grundlichen empirischen Studien gewonnen wurden, um die Debatte im Hinblick auf vier zentrale Aspekte zu vertiefen: Regierungsstrukturen, Verbesserungen, Kosten und Konkurrenzfahigkeit der Arbeitskrafte sowie kunftige Trends und Ablaufe bei Veranderungen. Globalisierung Delokalisierung Regierungsstrukturen Verbesserung Wirtschaftsentwicklung Labrianidis L., Kalantaridis C. y Dunford M. Deslocalizacion de la actividad economica: agentes, lugares e industrias, Regional Studies. La integracion global y la deslocalizacion de la actividad economica han sido dos tendencias interrelacionadas y definidas de aproximadamente los ultimos cuarenta anos. Al descifrar estas dos tendencias, los investigadores desarrollaron una serie de estructuras teoricas que se centraban sobre todo en influir en la elaboracion de politicas. En este contexto, en este numero especial pretendemos utilizar las perspectivas adquiridas a partir de rigurosos estudios empiricos con el objetivo de avanzar el debate en lo que respecta a cuatro consideraciones clave: estructuras de gobierno, mejoras, costes laborales y competitividad, y las futuras tendencias y modelos de cambio. Globalizacion Deslocalizacion Estructuras de gobierno Mejora Desarrollo economico [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

LAWTON SMITH H. (2003) Knowledge organizations and local economic development: the cases of Oxford and Grenoble, Reg. Studies 37 , 899- 909. In Europe, European Union and individual countries' knowledge institutions are expected to stimulate regional or local economic development. This paper explores the increasingly important role of universities and national laboratories (knowledge institutions) as territorial actors. It reports on a recently completed study in which surveys were conducted with academics in scientific departments and technology transfer units in Oxford and Grenoble's universities and national laboratories. It focuses on some of the rules of the game which national innovation systems construct to institutionalize and normalize this role. It compares similar and different outcomes of common priorities. LAWTON SMITH H. (2003) Des organisations basées sur la connaissance et le dé veloppement économique local: études de cas d'Oxford et de Grenoble, Reg. Studies 37 , 899-909. En Europe, les organisations basées sur la connaissance de l'Union européenne et des pays individuels sont censées inciter au développement économique régional ou local. Cet article cherche à examiner le rôle de plus en plus important des universités et des bureaux d'études nationaux (organisations basées sur la connaissance) en tant qu'acteurs territoriaux. On fait un compte-rendu d'une étude récente dans laquelle on a mené des enquêtes auprès des universitaires dans des départements scientifiques et des groupes recherchant le transfert de technolgie dans les universités d'Oxford et de Grenoble et dans les bureaux d'études nationaux. Il porte sur quelques- unes des règles du jeu que contruisent les systèmes d' innovation nationaux afin d'institutionnaliser et de normaliser ce rôle. On compare des résultats semblables et dissemblables des priorités communes. LAWTON SMITH H. (2003) Wissenschaftliche Organisationen und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ihres Umfeldes: die Fälle Oxford und Grenoble, Reg. Studies 37 , 899-909. In Europa erwartet man von wissenschaftlichen Instituten der europäischen Union und einzelner Länder, daß sie als Anreiz auf regionale und ö rtliche Industrie wirken. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die an Bedeutung zunehmende Rolle von Universitätenen und staatlichen Forschungsinstituten (wissenschaftliche Institute) als Zugpferde ihres Gebietes. Er berichtet über eine kürzlich abgeschlossene Studie, in der Untersuchungen mit Akademikern in wissenschaftlichen Instituten und Einheiten für Technologieübertragung in den Universitä ten und und staatlichen Forschungszentren von Oxford und Grenoble durchgeführt wurden. Dabei konzentriert er sich besonders auf bestimmte Spielregeln, welche staatliche Informaztionssysteme zwecks Institutionalisierung und Normalisierung dieser Rolle entwickeln. Der Aufsatz vergleicht ähnliche und verschiedenartige Ergebnisse gemeinsamer Prioritäten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rodríguez-Pose A. and Crescenzi R. Research and development, spillovers, innovation systems, and the genesis of regional growth in Europe. Regional Studies. Research on the impact of innovation on regional economic performance in Europe has fundamentally followed three approaches: (1) the analysis of the link between investment in research and development (R&D), patents, and economic growth; (2) the study of the existence and efficiency of regional innovation systems; and (3) the examination of the geographical diffusion of regional knowledge spillovers. These complementary approaches have, however, rarely been combined. Important operational and methodological barriers have thwarted any potential cross-fertilization. This paper tries to fill this gap in the literature by combining in one model R&D, spillovers, and innovation systems approaches. A multiple regression analysis is conducted for all regions of the group of 25 European Union countries (EU-25), including measures of R&D investment, proxies for regional innovation systems, and knowledge and socio-economic spillovers. This approach allows the discrimination between the influence of internal factors and external knowledge and institutional flows on regional economic growth... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BOUCHER G., CONWAY C. and VAN DER MEER E. (2003) Tiers of engagement by universities in their region's development , Reg. Studies 37 , 887-897. This paper identifies structural, institutional and social factors that interact to shape the participation of mostly European universities in their region's development. The interactions of these factors can foster or hinder the contributions of universities to their region's development. These factors include regionalization of the higher education system, regional identity and networks, type of region and university. Of particular importance at the university level are competition and hierarchy effects between universities in a region. The existence and level of these effects are used to generate four categories of tiers of engagement by universities in their region' s development. BOUCHER G., CONWAY C. et VAN DER MEER E. (2003) Les niveaux d'engagement des universités dans l'aménagement du territoire, Reg. Studies 37 , 887-897. Cet article cherche à identifier les facteurs structurels, institutionnels et sociaux qui agissent les uns sur les autres afin de déterminer la participation des universités, européennes pour la plupart, dans le développement de leur région. L'interaction de ces facteurs risquent d'encourager ou d'entraver la participation des universités au développement de leur région, y compris la régionalisation de l'enseignement supérieur, l'image de marque et les réseaux régionaux, les caractéristiques de la région et de l'université. D'une importance particulière au niveau de l'université sont les effets de la concurrence et de la hiérachie pour ce qui est des universités au sein d'une même région. On se sert de la présence et l'ampleur de ces effets afin d'esquisser quatre niveaux d'engagement par les universités dans le développement de leur région. BOUCHER G., CONWAY C. und VAN DER MEER E. (2003) Stufen des Engagements von Universitäten bei der Entwicklung ihrer Region, Reg. Studies 37 , 887-897. Dieser Aufsatz stellt strukturelle, institutionelle und soziale Faktoren heraus, die auf einander einwirken und damit die Beteiligung der meist europäischen Universitäten an der Entwicklung ihrer Region prägen. Die Wechselwirkungen dieser Faktoren können die von Universitäten zur Entwicklung ihrer Region geleisteten Beiträge fördern oder hindern. Die Faktoren schließen Regionalisierung des höheren Bildungsswesens, regionale Identität und Netzwerke, Typ der Region und Universität ein. Auf Universitätsebene sind Wettbewerbs-und Hierarchiewirkungen zwischen Universitäten einer Region von besonderer Bedeutung. Vorkommen und Ausmaß dieser Wirkungen werden dazu benutzt, vier Kategorien des Engagements der Universitäten bei der Entwicklung ihrer Region aufzustellen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Who drives regional economic development in entrepreneurial ecosystems of different types? Using longitudinal data on 267 NUTS-3 European regions during the period 2008–16, we apply the entrepreneurial ecosystem theoretical framework to study how entrepreneurial ecosystem type moderates the relationship between a variety of entrepreneurship and regional economic development. It is found that regional economic development proxied by gross value added per resident responds differently to solo self-employment, job creators and new-firm birth rates as well as changes in a share of productive high-growth entrepreneurship across different entrepreneurial ecosystems. The findings have implications for regional and national policy-makers and scholars who study the geography of entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a review of the environmental legislation on local economic developments and the real estate market in the European Union. What impact the environmental legislation had on the economic sectors; Discussion of the implications of environmental legislation in the property industry; Reference to the Treaty of Rome.

VanderZwanP., VerheulI., ThurikR. and GriloI. Entrepreneurial progress: climbing the entrepreneurial ladder in Europe and the United States,Regional Studies. This study investigates which countries have the highest potential to achieve entrepreneurial progress. This progress is defined as an entrepreneurial ladder with five successive steps: ‘never thought about starting a business’, ‘thinking about it’, ‘taking steps’, ‘running a young business’ and ‘running a mature business’. The influences of individual-level and country-level variables on the progression through these stages are analysed. Data from twenty-seven European countries and the United States are used (2007 Flash Eurobarometer Survey on Entrepreneurship). Findings show that in the United States many people think about setting up a business, whereas Europeans are better at achieving higher levels of engagement. Country differences can be explained mainly by levels of risk tolerance and economic development. A country's level of administrative complexity does not play a role, but individual perceptions of this complexity are a hindering factor. VanderZwanP., VerheulI., ThurikR. and GriloI. 公司发展：欧洲与美国的公司阶梯，区域研究。本研究旨在考察哪个国家在实现创业发展中拥有最大的潜力。这一进展被定义为五个阶段：“从未考虑过创业”、“开始思考”，“迈出步伐”，“经营一个年轻的公司”，“经营一个成熟的企业”。个体层面及国家层面通过上述步骤对公司进展产生的影响进行了考察。数据来自美国与欧洲 27 个国家（2007 年对于公司看法的欧洲民意调查）。结果表明，大多数美国人在考虑开创新公司，而欧洲人更多地考虑的是如何实现更高目标上的参与。风险承受力与经济发展能够对上述国家差异进行解释。一个国家层面的管理复杂性并未发挥作用，但是个体对于上述复杂性的认知却构成了阻碍要素。 公司 决定因素 公司民意调查 公司发展 管理复杂性 VanderZwanP., VerheulI., ThurikR. et GriloI. Le progrès entrepreneurial: monter l'échelle entrepreneuriale en Europe et aux Etats-Unis,Regional Studies. Cette étude examine les pays qui font preuve du potentiel le plus élevé pour réaliser le progrès entrepreneurial. On définit ce progrès comme une échelle entrepreneuriale à cinq barreaux: ‘Je n'ai jamais pensé à créer une entreprise’; ‘j'y pense’; ‘je prends des mesures’; ‘je gère une jeune entreprise’, ‘je gère une entreprise à l’étape de la maturité'. On analyse l'influence des variables relatives à l'individu et au pays sur le progrès à chaque étape. On emploie des données auprès de vingt-sept pays européens et des Etats-Unis (provenant du sondage Baromètre Flash 2007 sur l'esprit d'entreprise). Les résultats laissent voir que beaucoup de gens aux Etats-Unis pensent à créer une entreprise, alors que les Européens réussissent mieux à s'y engager. Les différences s'expliquent dans une large mesure par les niveaux de tolérance au risque et par les niveaux de développement économique. La complexité administrative d'un pays ne joue aucun rôle, mais les idées que l'on se fait de cette complexité sont une entrave. Esprit d'entreprise Facteurs déterminants Esprit d'entreprise naissant Progrès entrepreneurial Complexités administratives VanderZwanP., VerheulI., ThurikR. und GriloI. Unternehmerischer Fortschritt: Aufstieg auf der unternehmerischen Leiter in Europa und den USA,Regional Studies. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, welche Länder das höchste Potenzial zur Erreichung von unternehmerischem Fortschritt aufweisen. Dieser Fortschritt wird als unternehmerische Leiter mit fünf aufeinanderfolgenden Sprossen definiert: ‘noch nie an Unternehmensgründung gedacht’, ‘denke daran’, ‘unternehme Schritte’, ‘leite ein neues Unternehmen’ und ‘leite ein etabliertes Unternehmen’. Wir analysieren den Einfluss der Variablen auf individueller und Landesebene auf die Progression durch diese Phasen. Zum Einsatz kommen Daten aus 27 europäischen Ländern sowie aus den USA (Flash-Eurobarometer-Umfrage von 2007 über Unternehmertum). Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass viele Menschen in den USA an eine Unternehmensgründung denken, während die Europäer bei der Erzielung eines höheren Engagementniveaus erfolgreicher sind. Die Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Ländern lassen sich vor allem durch das Niveau der Risikotoleranz und Wirtschaftsentwicklung erklären. Das Niveau der administrativen Komplexität in einem Land spielt keine Rolle, wohl aber sind die Auffassungen der einzelnen Personen hinsichtlich dieser Komplexität ein behindernder Faktor. Unternehmertum Determinanten Neuunternehmertum Unternehmerischer Fortschritt Administrative Komplexität VanderZwanP., VerheulI., ThurikR. y GriloI. Progreso empresarial: trepando la escalera empresarial en Europa y los Estados Unidos,Regional Studies. En este estudio investigamos qué países tienen el máximo potencial de conseguir el progreso empresarial. Este progreso es definido como una escalera empresarial con cinco peldaños sucesivos: ‘nunca pensé en abrir un negocio’, ‘lo estoy pensando’, ‘estoy preparando el terreno’, ‘gestiono un negocio nuevo’, y ‘gestiono un negocio establecido’. Analizamos la influencia de las variables a nivel individual y por países en la progresión a través de estas fases. Utilizamos los datos de veintisiete países europeos y de los Estados Unidos (Encuesta Flash del Eurobarómetro sobre el Espíritu Empresarial 2007). Los resultados indican que en los Estados Unidos muchas personas piensan en comenzar un negocio, mientras que los europeos son mejores a la hora de conseguir niveles más altos de participación. Las diferencias por países pueden explicarse principalmente por los niveles de tolerancia de riesgo y el desarrollo económico. La complejidad administrativa de los países no desempeña un papel importante pero las percepciones individuales de esta complejidad representan un factor obstaculizador. Empresariado Determinantes Nuevos empresarios Progreso empresarial Complejidades administrativas [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assesses the economic performance in terms of growth, stability and cohesion in Europe. Views on the failure of economic system to deliver satisfactory growth performance; Creation of the post-war reconstruction in economic and social environment; Threat of sustainability in the rapid developments in demography, technology and globalization.

Comments on the association of economic growth with improved welfare in Europe. Superiority of market forces; Need for competition, flexibility and deregulation combined with an extra emphasis on education and innovation; Series of reforms close to competitiveness gap with the U.S.

Discusses the regional dimensions of the economic growth problem in Europe. Impact of economic and monetary integration on regional inequalities; Identification of the geographical polarization of incomes; Expansion of the market and trade and from increasing integration of the economy.