1. Material and regenerative properties of an osteon-mimetic cortical bone-like scaffold
- Author
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Danial Barati, Seyedsina Moeinzadeh, Esmaiel Jabbari, Ozan Karaman, and Safaa Kader
- Subjects
osteon-mimetic ,Scaffold ,calcium phosphate nucleated nanofiber microsheet ,Chemistry ,0206 medical engineering ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,vascularized osteogenesis ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Bone morphogenetic protein ,020601 biomedical engineering ,cortical bone-like ,Biomaterials ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Vasculogenesis ,Osteon ,bone regeneration ,Nanofiber ,medicine ,Biophysics ,Cortical bone ,0210 nano-technology ,Bone regeneration ,Research Articles - Abstract
The objective of this work was to fabricate a rigid, resorbable and osteoconductive scaffold by mimicking the hierarchical structure of the cortical bone. Aligned peptide-functionalize nanofiber microsheets were generated with calcium phosphate (CaP) content similar to that of the natural cortical bone. Next, the CaP-rich fibrous microsheets were wrapped around a microneedle to form a laminated microtube mimicking the structure of an osteon. Then, a set of the osteon-mimetic microtubes were assembled around a solid rod and the assembly was annealed to fuse the microtubes and form a shell. Next, an array of circular microholes were drilled on the outer surface of the shell to generate a cortical bone-like scaffold with an interconnected network of Haversian- and Volkmann-like microcanals. The CaP content, porosity and density of the bone-mimetic microsheets were 240 wt%, 8% and 1.9 g/ml, respectively, which were close to that of natural cortical bone. The interconnected network of microcanals in the fused microtubes increased permeability of a model protein in the scaffold. The cortical scaffold induced osteogenesis and vasculogenesis in the absence of bone morphogenetic proteins upon seeding with human mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial colony-forming cells. The localized and timed-release of morphogenetic factors significantly increased the extent of osteogenic and vasculogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial colony-forming cells in the cortical scaffold. The cortical bone-mimetic nature of the cellular construct provided balanced rigidity, resorption rate, osteoconductivity and nutrient diffusivity to support vascularization and osteogenesis.
- Published
- 2018