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Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare condition in the childhood. It can present with neurological symptoms, psychiatric disorder or seizures. It is more frequently associated with hypothyroidism or euthyroidism, but it can occur, more rarely, even in hyperthyroidism. The presence of serum thyroid (thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin) antibodies is a criterion for the diagnosis of HE. We present the case of an 11-years-old girl with HE with seizures associated with hyperthyroidism with an excellent response to a high dose of steroids.

The case of a 13-year-old girl who presented a recurrence of left retrobulbar optic neuritis, 3 years after the previous episode, is described. The clinic, the imaging and the laboratory tests carried out allow to classify the pathology as an isolated recurrent optic neuritis. Recurrent optic neuritis cases require careful evaluation to exclude the forms that are part of certain systemic pathologies. These are in addition to multiple sclerosis, also new demyelinating disorders such as NMOSD (NeuroMyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder), the forms of CRION (Chronic Relapsing Inflamatory Optic Neuritis) as well as the ADEM-ON (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis - Optic Neuritis) that must necessarily enter in differential diagnosis for clinical features, neurological image and possible positivity of specific auto-antibodies. In pediatric-adolescent age some forms of optic neuritis can still be isolated and not necessarily underlie a systemic pathology.