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ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Distal embolization and no-reflow are common complications in primary angioplasty and the information available on the role played by the deflation speed of the stent delivery system is scarce. Our aim is to analyze how the deflation speed of the stent delivery system impacts the results of primary angioplasty. Methods: From December 2016 through February 2019, all consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing urgent coronary angiography at our institution and who were eligible for thrombectomy, IIB-IIIA inhibitors, and direct stenting were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to rapid (group 1, n = 103) or slow deflation of the stent delivery system, at 1 atm/second, (group 2, n = 107). Pre- and postdilatation was not allowed per protocol. The primary outcomes were myocardial blush ≥ 2 and ST-segment resolution ≥ 70% while the size of myocardial damage, the ejection fraction both at discharge and at the 12-month follow-up, and the overall and 12-month cardiovascular mortality rates were the secondary outcomes. Results: The study was stopped prematurely with 50% of the estimated sample size due to futility. Myocardial blush ≥ 2 occurred in 77 (74.7%) vs 79 (75.2%) of the patients, P = .93, and ST-segment resolution ≥ 70% occurred in 54 (53.9%) vs 59 (55.5%) of the patients, P = .75 in groups 1 and 2, respectively without any differences being reported in any of the secondary endpoints. Conclusions: In our series, the deflation speed of the stent delivery system in primary angioplasty did not modify the myocardial blush ≥ 2, the ST-segment resolution ≥ 70% or impacted the clinical outcomes, the size of myocardial infarction according to the biomarkers or the ejection fraction.

INTRODUCTION Due to the commotion caused by the growing number of late thrombosis after drug-eluting stents implantation back in 2005,1 1 year courses of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) were recommended after the implants. The lower rate of this complication thanks to improved designs of the device has made it possible to shorten these courses. The shortest courses of DAPT are still under discussion2-4 (figure 1), yet 1-month courses of DAPT with further withdrawal of 1 of the 2 drugs has been agreed on. However, most 1-month DAPT studies have been conducted with low-risk patients5,6 or have focused on patients with stable coronary artery disease.7

Abstract Introduction and objectives: Accessing sharply angulated side branches using intracoronary guidewires sometimes poses great challenges, and even after using its distal end for accessing purposes, it usually prolapses inside the main vessel. We hereby present an easy way to perform these procedures using a specific guidewire for the management of chronic total occlusions. Methods: From January 2017 through September 2018, patients with lesions on sharply angulated side or large branches that required protection in bifurcations were approached using straight, angled tip and/or double-lumen microcatheters with regular guidewires. In cases of unsuccessful access, a specific wire designed for chronic total occlusions was used with the straight tip microcatheter after a drastic overhaul of the shape in its distal end. Results: In 9 patients access to the side branch was not achieved with the initial strategy, in 3 patients due to access inability and in the remaining 6 due to guidewire prolapse when trying to advance the microcatheter. In all 9 cases, the access could be completed using the Gaia First guidewire that combines an excellent torque with enough rigidity to prevent the prolapse of the tip. All procedures were performed without complications. Conclusions: The percutaneous coronary intervention of sharply angulated side branches can be challenging when advancing the guidewire. However, these procedures can be performed easily and quickly with a specific guidewire for the managemenf of chronic total occlusions.