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B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 44-year-old man exhibited lack of efficacy during treatment with tafamidis meglumine for transthyretin-gene (TTR) familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). Clinical improvement after change of therapy from tafamidis to patisiran in progressive TTR amyloidosis post-liver transplantation. Tafamidis meglumine therapy did not stop disease progression, indicating lack of efficacy. [Extracted from the article]

He had no subjective complaints and his biological profile was otherwise normal except for lymphopenia 0.6 × 10 SP 9 sp /L. The diagnosis of hepatitis-B reactivation secondary to ruxolitinib was made. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 79-year-old man experienced hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during treatment with ruxolitinib for secondary myelofibrosis [ I route, dosage and duration of treatment to reaction onset not stated i ]. In August 2019, he presented with abnormal liver function tests, and further investigation confirmed a diagnosis of hepatitis-B reactivation with positive viraemia 1.9 × 10 SP 7 sp IU/mL and newly positive HBsAg. [Extracted from the article]

Intraoperative surgery revealed a mass in the right liver lobe, which invaded the diaphragm with right portal vein tumour thrombi. After six months, a PET-CT scan revealed tumour thrombus in right atrium junction and multiple metastatic nodules in both lungs along with metastases in pulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes. After 20 days of third cycle, a CT scan revealed tumour thrombus in the atrium in the greatest dimension while right upper lobe nodule had reduced. [Extracted from the article]

After six months, a PET-CT scan revealed tumour thrombus in right atrium junction and multiple metastatic nodules in both lungs along with metastases in pulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes. Intraoperative surgery revealed a mass in the right liver lobe, which invaded the diaphragm with right portal vein tumour thrombi. After 20 days of third cycle, a CT scan revealed tumour thrombus in the atrium in the greatest dimension while right upper lobe nodule had reduced. [Extracted from the article]

After 3 weeks, the hepatitis B DNA viral load declined to 40250 IU/mL. His hepatitis B DNA viral load was noted be 22,409,975,000 IU/mL, 14,939,983,333 IU/mL, 170,000,000 IU/mL and >10,000,000 IU/mL from 2013 to 2019. Ten days post resection, hepatitis B DNA quantitative by real-time-PCR showed viral load to be above 170,000,000 IU/mL. [Extracted from the article]

CSF examination revealed normal cell counts, while protein and myelin basic protein levels were increased. The brain MRI with gadolinium revealed diffuse T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities in the bilateral white matter with radial linear enhancement oriented to the lateral ventricles. On day 46, a follow-up CSF examination showed no abnormalities, and on day 49, the brain MRI revealed significantly improved T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities and radial linear enhancement. [Extracted from the article]

A 52-year-old woman (Case 3) developed acute flare of hepatitis B following treatment with fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide for breast invasive carcinoma. Multiple drugs: Acute flare of hepatitis B and hepatitis B reactivation: 4 case reports A 27-year-old woman (Case 2) developed acute flare of hepatitis B following treatment with hydrocortisone, prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil for myasthenia gravis. [Extracted from the article]

Autopsy of the patient, who died, revealed oedema of the internal organs, pulmonary oedema, acute pulmonary congestion and focal pulmonary haemorrhage in the lungs. Three patients received oral yohimbine powder approximately 4-5g in water and 1 patient received yohimbine [ I dosage not stated i ] powder without water along with unspecified traditional Chinese medicine. [Extracted from the article]

Methylprednisolone/nivolumab/prednisone: Immune-related hepatitis and acute exacerbation of chronic undiagnosed hepatitis B: case report The exacerbation of chronic undiagnosed hepatitis B was attributed to immunosuppressive treatment with methylprednisolone and prednisone [ I time to reactions onset not stated i ]. His HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) title was 25513 UI/mL, total antiHBc (hepatitis B core antibody) and antiHBe (hepatitis B E antigen) were positive. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 48-year-old woman developed eczema and hepatitis B reactivation during treatment with secukinumab for psoriasis. However, her hepatitis B infection was noted to be reactivated, which required antiviral treatment with tenofovir. The woman, who had a history of hepatitis B infection and an 11 year history of severe plaque psoriasis with frequent suberythrodermic exacerbations, had received multiple therapies, including phototherapy, ciclosporin, methotrexate, adalimumab, apremilast and ustekinumab. [Extracted from the article]

The aforementioned non-tumour pathologies and abnormal liver function tests were concluded as nivolumab-related liver injury in all 20 patients [ I time to reactions onset not stated i ]. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event In a retrospective, cohort study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with nivolumab between June 2018 and March 2020, 20 patients (16 men and 4 women) aged 29-78 years were described, who developed liver injury following treatment with nivolumab. Out of these 20 patients, 10 patients did not receive any prior treatment, whereas 7 patients had prior resection along with locoregional therapy and 3 patients had locoregional therapy only. [Extracted from the article]

After the completion of his successful treatment course with sofosbuvir, ribavirin and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, he was then re-vaccinated with more potent adjuvanted hepatitis-B vaccine (recombinant) dynavax [Heplisav-B; CpG-adjuvanted recombinant vaccine] at 0 and 2 months; however, no measurable antibody response was noted again. Of note, two months prior to the initiation of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and ribavirin therapy, he also received vaccination with hepatitis-B vaccine recombinant [Engerix-B] at a dose of 3x40µg against HBV infection at 0, 1 and 6 months; however, he had no measurable antibody response. Subsequently, he exhibited treatment failure following an off-label treatment with ribavirin and elbasvir/grazoprevir and treatment failure with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and ribavirin for liver cirrhosis, HIV and chronic genotype1b HCV infections and hepatitis-B vaccine recombinant for hepatitis-B viral (HBV) infection [ I routes not stated; not all dosages stated i ]. [Extracted from the article]

However, virological breakthrough (drug resistance) occurred prior to delivery [ I duration of treatment to reaction onset and outcome not stated i ]. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A single-centre retrospective cohort study conducted between 01 November 2011 and 31 December 2019, and involving 165 pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection described a pregnant woman [ I exact age not stated i ], who developed drug resistance during treatment with telbivudine for chronic HBV infection. [Extracted from the article]

Additionally, he was treated with lamivudine 8 mg/kg/day for hepatitis B infection. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 3.5-month-old boy exhibited lack of efficacy during treatment with vitamin K and lactulose for acute hepatic failure, and lamivudine for acute hepatitis B infection [ I routes not stated; not all dosages stated i ]. Following examinations, he was diagnosed with acute hepatic failure caused by acute hepatitis B infection and was treated with lactulose, vitamin K and fluid restriction with the correction of glycaemia. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event In a retrospective study of 30 patients who were enrolled in the study from January 2008 to June 2010, three adult patients [ I sexes and exact ages not stated i ] were described, who developed nausea, diarrhoea or upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage during treatment with adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B [ I routes not stated; time to reaction onsets not clearly stated i ]. During the combination treatment, the patients developed side effect of nausea (n=1), diarrhoea (n=1) and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (n=1). [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A case series described one adult woman and one elderly woman [ I exact ages at event onset not stated i ] who developed hepatocellular cancer while receiving immunosuppressive treatment with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (the elderly woman) or developed metastatic spindle cell carcinoma of the tongue while receiving immunosuppressive treatment with prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus (the adult woman) [ I not all routes and dosages stated; durations of treatments to reactions onsets not stated i ]. In June 2017, an MRI revealed a 3.5cm sized hepatic nodule on T1-weighted imaging and arterial phase in segment-V. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was suggested by subsequent biopsy. She also developed donor-derived hepatitis-B virus infection, requiring treatment with entecavir. [Extracted from the article]

His bone mineral density (BMD) indicated osteoporosis. Her bone mineral density (BMD) showed low bone mass at lumbar spine (Z score -4.2) and femoral neck (Z score-3.9). [Extracted from the article]

However, the patient developed new-onset hypertension secondary to methylprednisolone. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event In a prospective study of 30 patients with seronegative Hepatitis-B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (sn HBV-GN), two patients including one woman [ I ages not stated; not all sexes stated i ] were described, who developed new-onset hypertension or HBV reactivation during treatment with methylprednisolone [ I time to reaction onset not stated; not all outcomes stated i ]. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 67-year-old man developed hepatitis B reactivation following treatment with durvalumab. An enlarged spleen, liver steatosis areas, with no hepatic or portal vein thrombosis, and non-dilated bile ducts were seen on liver ultrasonography. Viral serology and hepatitis B-viral load (HBV-VL) confirmed HBV infection. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 27-year-old man developed elevated transaminase levels during off-label treatment with azithromycin for SARS-CoV-2 infection. His Liver examination revealed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at 4.4 times upper limit of normal (ULN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) at 2.04 times ULN, GGT at 1.4 times ULN. At discharge, his liver function tests was improved with a decrease in transaminase levels, ALT levels were 3.66 times ULN and AST levels were 1.44 times ULN. [Extracted from the article]