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Background & Aims: Cancer chemotherapy is facing many problems such as patients' intolerance or resistance of cancer cells to the used compounds and drugs. In this regard, researchers are continuously trying to design new anti-cancer compounds and use them. Test to find a combination that can overcome these problems. Considering that structures containing Indole rings and toxic Carbazone and Thiazoles have already shown different biological effects. In this article, hybrids of these chemical structures will be designed and their effects will be investigated, maybe new compounds can be obtained to overcome some of the problems in the way of chemotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and investigate the anticancer properties of new hybrid compounds of Indole attached to Triazole and thiosemicarbazone pharmacophores using the click method. Derivatives of indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this research, new derivatives of 3, 2,1-triazoles attached to 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system by click reaction between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1H-indole-3-substituted and azide Aromatics were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and triazole were synthesized in the presence of Paratoluenesulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF cell lines. Compounds with heterocyclic structures, because they exist in many natural products and exhibit different physicochemical properties, also have different biological effects, which has diversified their use in the treatment of various diseases. Cancer chemotherapy is faced with many problems such as patient intolerance or resistance of cancer cells to the used compounds and drugs. In this regard, researchers are constantly trying to design new anti-cancer compounds and test them to find a combination. achieve that can overcome these problems. They are considering that structures containing indole rings and toxic carbazone and thiazoles have already shown different biological effects. In this article, hybrids of these chemical structures will be designed and their effects will be investigated, maybe new compounds can be obtained to overcome some of the problems in chemotherapy. Derivatives of indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to their various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this research, new derivatives of 3, 2,1-triazoles attached to 2- aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system by click reaction between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1Hindole-3-substituted and azide Aromatics were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and triazole were synthesized in the presence of para toluene sulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF cell lines. 7 was investigated. To solve the problem of cancer from compounds with different pharmacophores such as indole, triazole (due to the presence in many cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds and the effectiveness of this skeleton), and thiosemicarbazone and connecting these three pharmacophores to find new compounds that have possible cytotoxicity were used. Methods: Derivatives of Indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiHIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this paper, the click reaction was used for the synthesis of compounds. The click reactions were performed under mild conditions in the presence of cheap solvent and in a short time, and the product with high efficiency and purity (lowest amount of side products) is obtained. Click reaction of new derivatives of 3,2,1-triazoles attached to the 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1Hindole-3-substituted Decompound Aromatic Azides were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and Triazole were also synthesized in the presence of Paratoluenesulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the structure of all the synthesized compounds was analyzed by IR, H-NMR1 and 13 CNMR were confirmed. Results: In order to solve the problem of cancer from compounds with different Pharmacophores such as Indole, Triazole (due to the presence in many cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds and the effectiveness of this skeleton), and thiosemicarbazone and connecting these three pharmacophores to each other It was used to find new compounds that have possible cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF-7 cell lines was evaluated by the MTT method. Conclusion: The results showed that the investigated compounds had a significant cytotoxic effect on the Hela cell line only at the highest concentration (1000 µM) and had no effect at other concentrations and in some cases, including the effect on the MCF line. It seems that the compounds even increased cell growth. This increase in growth is likely to be due to the structural similarity of some compounds with phenolic structures, which has been shown in previous studies that phenolic groups act similar to estrogenic compounds and therefore can mimic growth. According to the results, these compounds can be considered as non-toxic agents for other therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: It was associated with the policy maker's attitude based on the belief of greater participation of women in the social, economic and cultural scenes, therefore, compared to the previous two programs, attention to the situation of women was planned in a clearer way. One of the basic points in the third development plan was to align it with the establishment of an institution as "Women's Participation Affairs Center". In the important parts of the program, such as education and employment policies, no interesting needs are observed between the two sexes. The fourth program is interesting both in terms of the amount of materials of the program that are dedicated to women and also in terms of a different approach regarding the topic of gender. In the fourth development plan, it is emphasized to eliminate violence against women. The most important concern in the fourth development plan is the issue of women's employment and the improvement of the economic status of women in the society, and if we are talking about reforming public attitudes towards women, this reform of attitudes is related to holding economic positions and employment opportunities. In the third program, special educational and cultural-sports needs are emphasized by using Islamic principles and foundations. In the fifth development plan, which is considered to be the most important article of this plan about women and family. In the 6th Development Plan, it is very important to improve the status of women and a suitable position for women and family was considered in this program. Creating suitable job opportunities to attract unemployed graduates, which has increased as a result of the increase in the number of girls entering universities, paying attention to female heads of the household, self-headed and abusive women, reducing divorce, increasing the facilitation of marriage, the possibility of facilitating the entry of women into higher academic degrees such as Ph.D. Specialization and serious attention to improving the quality of women's health is one of the issues that should be given serious attention in the future. As a result, it is in accordance with the theories of gender justice, which is often equated with the concept of gender equality. But in reality, they are two separate concepts. Gender equality refers to equal life opportunities for women and men, which includes the ability to participate in the public sphere. Gender equality focuses on fair participation in education, the labor market, health services and politics. Legal reform is one of the key and important tools in the fight for equality. Gender equality does not necessarily ensure equality of outcomes; because it assumes that when barriers to participation are removed, there will be a level playing field for both sexes, and it does not consider that men and women may have different realities and experiences. Therefore, the concept of gender justice is raised. Gender justice refers to justice in life outcomes for women and men. As a result, it thinks beyond equal opportunities, reminds the need to change attitudes, emphasizes the different interests, preferences and needs of men and women, and emphasizes the need to redistribute power and resources. This paper examines the gender policies governing Iran's employment development programs before and after the revolution. Which is using qualitative content analysis. The purpose of this study shows that there are several elements and propositions of gender discourses in the set of employee development programs of Iran before and after the revolution. Methods: The above paper is a documentary and library study. The research method used is of the secondary analysis type and is mostly done by using library data and using sites and the general population and housing censuses and registration information. The data used are second-hand data and partly third-hand data. According to the type of data, the study is descriptive and analytical. In this paper, due to the limitation of census information, that part of the gender analysis of employment based on Iran's development programs before and after the revolution and population and housing statistics has been used to some extent from registration data. Results: The results obtained from the employment status of women show that during different years before the revolution and even after the revolution, the changes in women's employment did not experience a regular upward or downward trend. Comparing the employment of women and men also shows superiority the regularity of men in the labor market during the statistical survey was from (1956-2020). Also, the unstable trend of development in the employment of women and men, especially women, shows that with the smallest changes in economic conditions, a large part of the female labor force has left the market. This issue is not only from an economic point of view but also from a social point of view. It also has adverse consequences for society. The current state of Iran's labor market, including its high unemployment rate, and low participation rate, shows limited employment generation. That the set of policies, laws, and regulations in the field of employment did not have the necessary efficiency. A review of each of the development programs in Iran shows that the issue of "gender justice" has been neglected and has faced shortcomings in its application and implementation. In the development programs before the Islamic revolution, the statesmen's view of development was purely economic. It was believed that the movement towards development begins with the growing trend of the growth of the national gross product. By dividing the population into two semi-urban and rural, the semi-urban brought new values following the increasing contact with the outside world. Conclusion: In terms of the period, the approval authorities in the fields of employment, diversity, transformation, decline, and rise. In other words, while in the development programs, there have been things such as equal pay, insurance, equal working hours, and expertise for the employment of women and men. In some cases, policymakers have paid attention to things such as wage equality, skill-oriented, empowerment and structural changes in women's employment, and in general, by using the theory of Giddens, Barry, Tocqueville, Bloomberg, it can be seen that there are approaches to create jobs for women and men, change the structure, identified equality, development, dignity, economic power in the documents of Iran's employment development programs. That a diverse set of macroeconomic policies and active and inactive labor market policies have been implemented with the purpose and motivation of creating employment. Which have different and diverse positive and negative, strong and weak consequences and functions. The results of women's employment status show that during different years before the revolution and even after the revolution, the changes in women's employment did not experience a regular upward or downward trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Personality disorder is a type of mental disorder in which a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thought, performance, and behavior is observed in a person. A person with a personality disorder has difficulty in understanding and communicating with situations and people. This causes significant problems and limitations in relationships, social activities, and understanding of diseases. The presence of personality disorders in sick people leads to the development of the disease and increases the level of stress and depression in patients. Among the diseases observed in patients suffering from personality disorders such as dual personality, the presence of stress, depression, harming themselves, scratching the skin, and causing self-inflicted wounds are mentioned. Personality disorders usually start in adolescence or early adulthood. There are different types of personality disorders. Some types may become less apparent during middle age. Types of personality disorders are classified into three clusters based on similar characteristics and symptoms. Many people with one personality disorder also have signs and symptoms of at least one other personality disorder. To diagnose a disorder, showing all signs and symptoms is unnecessary. Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by abnormal and unusual thinking or behavior. They include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. Cluster B personality disorders are characterized by dramatic, overly emotional, or unpredictable thinking or behavior. They include antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by anxious, fearful thinking or behavior. They include avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessivecompulsive personality disorder. There is increasing evidence about the negative impact of personality disorders on various physical, mental, and emotional aspects of healthy and sick people. Psychotherapy can help a person understand the effects of their behavior on others, learn to manage or cope with symptoms and reduce behaviors that cause problems in functioning and relationships. The type of treatment depends on the specific personality disorder, its severity, and the individual's condition. If personality disorders are not treated in people, the level of many diseases such as depression, cardiovascular diseases, and skin diseases will increase. Skin diseases are conditions that affect the skin. These diseases may cause rashes, inflammation, itching, or other skin changes. Some skin diseases may be genetic, while lifestyle and psychological factors such as severe obsessions and personality disorders may cause others. Both the skin and the central nervous system are derived from the ectoderm during embryogenesis. Their anatomicalfunctional relationship has been known for a long time. However, many aspects of this relationship are not fully understood. There are several studies that confirm the link between Dermatosis and mental illness. The findings of studies conducted in the field of psychiatry show that infectious-parasitic Dermatoses are the most common skin diseases in more than 70% of patients with mental disorders. The general explanation for this complication is that the physical condition of many mental patients decreases, which is associated with a decrease in immune defense and, as a result, an increase in sensitivity to skin infections. Considering the importance of skin diseases and the effect of personality disorders on this type of disease and the explanations provided, the question raised here is the relationship between personality disorders and skin diseases in various studies in the field of psychiatry. What results have been obtained and what requirements have been recommended regarding the reduction of this disease through psychotherapy? Methods: The current study is a review study that includes papers published in domestic and foreign journals available in SID, PubMed, Google Scholar, Magiran, Springer, Wiley, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Science direct, and ProQuest databases. The range of years 2020 to 2022 was used. Papers were searched using the keywords "acute skin diseases, skin diseases, personality disorders, mental disorders" and their English equivalents. As a result of the initial search of papers, there were 156 articles, of which 74 apapers remained in the screening stage, and at the end, 12 papers were subjected to content analysis. Results: This review study showed that personality and mental disorders have an effect on the development of skin diseases and controlling these disorders is considered as a solution to reduce the complications of skin diseases. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that in order to reduce the complications of skin diseases, paying attention to the personality and mental disorders of people can increase the patient's understanding of the disease and reduce the level of complications of this disease. Psychotherapy of the last century uses biological, psychological, and social factors at different levels significantly in the pathogenesis of each disease, through complex interactions in the treatment of diseases. There are many ontogenetic, anatomical, and functional connections between the skin, the psyche, and the immune system. These connections are the reason that Neuro-immunological mechanisms are often involved in the pathogenesis of Dermatoses. This is why skin diseases are classified as "paradigm" psychosomatic diseases. The skin is the only organ that is completely visible, and therefore the patient can always observe it closely. Patients are free to act on their ideas about pathogenic mechanisms. This means that, as mentioned above, clinicians, especially in the field of dermatology, must examine (and respect) patient disease models. However, skin lesions are visible not only to the patients themselves but often to other people as well. For example, patients with Dermatosis are often exposed to stigma: skin diseases may cause hatred or fear of contagion. Therefore, feelings such as embarrassment about one's illness, or disgust expressed by other people, may affect the patient's outlook on life. Some patients actually anticipate and experience imaginary stigma even in the case of minimal skin lesions. The fact that skin is very visible has also contributed to psychoanalytic theories and interpretations of psychoanalysts interested in psychosomatic medicine for skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Ionic liquids are organic salts composed of organic cations and organic and / or inorganic anions that have many remarkable properties and properties, such as wide liquid state range, low vapor pressure, easy recovery process, high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window and design capability. Structural engineering with appropriate modification to represent cations or anions .Recently, many researchers have focused on the development of a new branch of ionic fluids called dichotomous ionic fluids (DILs); These fluids usually consist of two cationic groups that are connected to each other by a rigid or flexible spacer and are connected to two counter anions. Compared to mono-cationic ionic liquids, multi-cations have higher melting point, viscosity, surface tension and thermal stability, have a wider liquid range and more stable physical and chemical properties. Therefore, these liquids have a wide range of applications; Including solar cells, fuel cells, batteries, lubricants, reaction media, separation technology, material preparation, catalytic reactions and most recently, improving the normal isomerization rate of pentane and electrolytes for photo-harvesting. Structures containing xanthine are known for their wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and anti-viral activities. In addition, xanthine ions are present as structural units in a large number of natural products. Methods: In this paper, for the first time, the catalyzed synthesis of xanthenedione and 4,3- dihydropyrimidine-2 (1H) - they are under Solvent-free conditions have been reported by the Brunsted ionic acid liquid .Ionic liquids are organic salts composed of organic cations and organic and / or inorganic anions that have many remarkable properties and properties, such as wide liquid state range, low vapor pressure, easy recovery process, high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window and design capability. Structural engineering with appropriate modification to represent cations or anions All reagents and solvents were commercially available and used without further purification. 1H NMR and 13C NMR in DMSO-d6 were recorded on a Bruker Avance Ultrashield spectrometer at 500 and 125 MHz, respectively. Chemical shifts were reported in parts per millions (δ), relative to the internal standard of tetramethylsilane (TMS). Thermal analysis (TG–DTA) of the DIL was recorded on a STA-1500 Rheometric Scientific TGA. Mass spectrometry (MS) studies were performed using 5957C VL MSD with a triple-axis detector, Agilent Technologies (ion source: electron impact (IE) 70 eV, ion source temperature: 230 °C, analyzer: Quadrupole). FTIR spectrum was taken on a FTIR PerkinElmer Spectrum Version 10.51 with KBr plates. Melting points were recorded on a Mettler Toledo Type FP62 in open capillary. Generally To a mixture of aromatic aldehyde (1 mmol) and 5, 5-dimethyl-1, 3 cyclohexanedione (2 mmol), 25 mol% of {[SO3H–Pyrazine–SO3H]Cl2} (0.25 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C with stirring. After completion of the reaction monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the reaction mixture was allowed to cool at room temperature. Water (10 mL) was added and filtered to separate the catalyst. Then, the obtained solid product was filtered and then recrystallized from ethanol to afford the pure product. The products were identified by IR, 1H NMR and physical data (M.P.) with those reported in the literature. Also To a mixture of aromatic aldehyde (1 mmol), ethyl acetoacetate (1 mmol) and urea (2 mmol), 25 mol% of {[SO3H–Pyrazine–SO3H]Cl2} (0.25 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 120 °C with stirring. After completion of the reaction evident from thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the reaction mixture was allowed to cool at room temperature. Water (10 mL) was added and the obtained solid product was filtered and then recrystallized from ethanol. The products were identified by IR, 1H NMR and physical data (M.P.) with those reported in the literature. The spectra data for some selected compounds are presented in the following. Results: To achieve the appropriate reaction conditions, the reaction of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and 5,5 dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione catalyzed by {[SO3H–Pyrazine–SO3H]Cl2} was chosen as model reaction, and the reaction was carried out under different sets of conditions with respect to solvents, amounts of catalyst and temperatures. Initially, the model reaction was investigated in different solvents. The solvents did not improve the yield of the reaction in the presence of the catalyst. Therefore, we carried out the model reaction under solvent-free conditions. The result indicates that the yield of the reaction under solvent-free conditions was higher and the reaction time was shorter in comparison with solvent conditions. To optimize the reaction temperature, the model reaction was heated at 90 and 110 °C .The results showed that the 100 °C led to highest yield; therefore, it was selected as the reaction temperature for all further reactions. Finally, the model reaction was optimized by varying the amounts of catalysts (20 and 30 mol%) at 100 °C under solvent-free conditions. The results show that 25 mol% of the catalyst is sufficient for the best results. To determine the role of the catalyst, the model reaction was performed in the absence of the catalyst at the same condition, which results in very low yield of the product, which indicates the high catalytic activity of {[SO3H–Pyrazine–SO3H]Cl2} in the synthesis. To evaluate the scope and the limitations of this method, we extended our studies to various aldehydes under the optimized conditions. From the results, we could see that all reactions proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding xanthenediones in high to excellent yields in the short reaction times. Various functional groups present in the aryl aldehydes such as halogen, methoxy, hydroxy and nitro groups were tolerated. Extension of this methodology to heterocyclic aldehyde was also successful. In view of green chemistry, reusability of the catalyst is important. Therefore, some experiments were run under the same optimal conditions mentioned above over the {[SO3H–Pyrazine–SO3H]Cl2}. The results showed that the catalyst could accelerate the reaction three runs without a significant loss in its catalytic activity. The mechanism of the reaction starts with facilitating Knoevenagel condensation due to activating carbonyl group of aldehyde by acidic property of catalyst. In the following, the catalyst again plays a significant role in accelerating the Michael addition and dehydration. Conclusion: A comparative study on the catalytic activity of the introduced catalyst in this paper with some reported catalysts was carried out using 3a as a model compound. From this study, {[SO3H– Pyrazine–SO3H]Cl2} can be regarded as a more powerful catalyst for the synthesis of xanthenediones in terms of the yield and the reaction time. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are defined as one-pot processes that combine at least three reactants to selectively form single complex compounds as well as small heterocycles containing essentially all the atoms of the reactants. Among MCRs, the Biginelli reaction allows for the straight access of multifunctionalized 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) through one-pot cyclocondensation of an aldehyde, a β-keto ester and urea in the presence of catalytic amount of acid Molecules containing DHPM core and its derivatives are of immense biological importance due to a wide range of pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties such as antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial,anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV agents mitotic kinesin inhibition, calcium channel modulation, α1aadrenergic antagonists and A2B adenosine receptor antagonists. In the classical Biginelli conditions, low yields and difficult isolation of the products are the main drawbacks due to strongly acidic conditions. Hence, many catalytic methods including Brönsted and Lewis acid, ionic liquids polymer-supported catalyst and nanoparticles have been introduced to enhance the efficiency of the synthesis of these important heterocycles. After obtaining acceptable results from xanthenediones synthesis catalyzed by {[SO3H–Pyrazine–SO3H]Cl2}, we decided to study its efficiency in the synthesis of DHPMs. In order to obtain the optimized conditions, the model reaction involving cyclocondensation of 4 chlorobenzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and urea was examined. The best result was obtained when the reaction was carried out at 120 °C in the presence of 25 mol% of {[SO3H–Pyrazine–SO3H] Cl 2} under solvent-free conditions. After getting the satisfactory reaction condition in hand, the scope and efficiency of this approach were examined with respect to aldehydes. Fortunately, a variety of functional groups, such as halo, methoxy, hydroxy and nitro, were all well tolerated. In addition, heterocyclic aromatic aldehyde afforded the corresponding product with high yield. A plausible one-pot reaction pathway for the synthesis of DHPMs catalyzed by {[SO3H–Pyrazine–SO3H]Cl2}. Initially, acyl imine intermediate (I) is produced via condensation of aryl aldehyde and urea in the presence of the catalyst as a Brönsted acidic catalyst. Next, ethyl acetoacetate attacks the (I), followed by intramolecular cyclization and dehydration reaction under acidic condition to yield the Biginelli product. Next, the reusability of {[SO3H–Pyrazine–SO3H]Cl2} was examined in the reaction of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and urea under optimized conditions. The catalyst could be reused three times without a significant loss in its catalytic activity. In order to show the efficacy of {[SO3H–Pyrazine–SO 3H]Cl2}, a comparison of the present method and some reported methods is shown in results. As revealed from this table, the catalyst can be considered as a more powerful catalyst for the synthesis of DHPMs in terms of the yield and reaction time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Education is the main factor of economic growth in a country, and the curriculum is the heart of any education system. As civilization makes the transition from the industrial era to one of sustainability, educational leaders around the globe ought to implement a learning system that prepares young people for life in a unified society. Every country that has experienced high growth for a long time makes great efforts to educate its nation and reinforce its human capital. In contrast, there is considerable evidence that many developing countries are not doing enough. Education has a legal claim on public funds for at least two obvious reasons. First, the social returns are likely to be greater than the private returns. Second, some families with low incomes and credit constraints may not be able to invest as much in education as they would like, even if a higher income is guaranteed for a diploma or university degree in the case of a successful job search. Therefore, public spending on education is established based on impartial opportunity and efficiency. This paper provides a starting point to explore what skills and concepts students should be studying to lead the future. The curriculum model provides an explicit outline of some of the competencies that will likely be required for whatever world scenario emerges. This study focuses on the key roles of education and its relation to economic development as well as the curriculum as a core part of the entire educational drive of nations. In particular, the aim of the present study was to study the goals and contents of the high school curriculum of Group 7 countries and Iran with a focus on the differences and similarities of cognitive and metacognitive skills, which were compared with Iran in order to reach an appropriate model. Methods: The method used in this study is qualitative, seeking to understand a research phenomenon in its usual environment that leads to a deep understanding of the studied phenomenon. In particular, this research is a documentary analytical research with a comparative approach. The statistical population of the research in the first study, which had a comparative approach, includes all documents, printed and electronic texts regarding the curriculum elements of the selected countries. It includes all articles, websites, studies, and research related to the research topic. In the Delphi method, the presence of experts and experts in the subject is emphasized. Statistical sample: In this research, in the first part, after searching the official portals of the countries and databases, all the documents that contain the content of the curriculum elements of these countries have been found. Data analysis in qualitative research is the process of classifying, describing, and combining data. In this section, after collecting the information and data, the contents were separated into 4 components: goal, content, method, and evaluation for each country. Then it was analyzed based on John Stuart Mill's agreement and difference model. The analysis in the quantitative part includes Kendall's coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis with the help of SPSS22 and Amos Graphics version 23 software. Meanwhile, Maxqda18 software was used in the qualitative part and model extraction. All documents were translated by translators from IACTI (Iranian Certified Translators and Interpreters). It must be acknowledged that the process of translating the documents was complicated and difficult due to the different languages and finding the appropriate equivalent in Persian. 212 participants, including secondary school teachers, university professors, and Ph.D. students in the fields of curriculum and education management helped to confirm and categorize the collected information. In the next step, the Delphi method was used to obtain the opinions of experts and reach a consensus about the studied components. With a 5-point Likert style scale 80% agreement was obtained, which was regarded as attaining a minimum acceptable interrater agreement. Results: This study was motivated by doubts that have been raised about the role of education and human capital in economic development. These doubts come from a variety of vantage points ranging from whether the research has correctly identified the impact of education to whether other institutional aspects of countries might be more important. They also encompass concerns about whether or not we really know how to change educational outcomes, particularly in developing countries. The eight studied countries were divided into two groups for comparison: (a) Group of Seven, and (b) Iran. The objectives and content included in the curricula of these countries were identified, and then similarities and differences between these two groups were analyzed. The results show the importance of both minimal and high-level skills, the complementarity of skills and the quality of economic institutions, and the robustness of the relationship between skills and growth. International comparisons incorporating expanded data on cognitive skills reveal much larger skill deficits in developing countries than generally derived from just school enrollment and attainment. The magnitude of change needed makes clear that closing the economic gap with developed countries will require major structural changes in schooling institutions. Moreover, the results of this research showed that the goals and content of the curriculum of these countries often emphasize the areas of work and employment and are somehow economy-oriented. In Iran, there is not much emphasis on these areas in Iran. Although the principles and teachings of Islam pay attention to work, there is a lack of attention to this issue in the goals and content of the curriculum. It is suggested that there is an emergency need to review the national curriculum in Iran. Taking help from religious foundations in this field, such as paying attention to work and effort in Islam, avoiding laziness, and contentment, paying attention to halal earning and sustenance, etc., is very beneficial and enlightening. Using the fundamentals of Islam only in prohibitions and outward criticisms and only paying attention to prayer and fasting not only makes students evasive but also limits the main mission of religion which enlightens the path of people's lives and can open a way in their social and economic life. Pointing to the fact that the longest verse of the Holy Quran is in the field of economic transactions is one of the examples of the importance of the field of economics in Islam and proof of this matter. The lack of economic attention and cultivating students’ cognitive as well as metacognitive is felt in terms of preparing people for the future, after graduating from secondary education. It seems that it is better for the planners to update and modify the secondary school curriculum in line with economic development and changes in psychological knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The effort of scientists to control and treat diseases opens new horizons for human society every day. The cloning that has been successful in the case of plants and animals, on the one hand, has fueled enormous challenges and fundamental questions about human cloning, and on the other hand, it has promised to cure many diseases. The goal of cloning therapy is to create stem cells that are similar to the patient's stem cells. The purpose of this will not be the production of a human being, but it is meant to restore life and full health to a person, to be allowed to achieve it. In this context, prominent statements and their opponents and supporters have explained their views. Therapeutic simulation is one of the challenging issues of the contemporary world, but no comprehensive and extensive research has been done on this issue. Cloning, which is another name, comes from the root of clone, which is a Greek word, and its literal meaning is "sprouting and multiplying". Cloning in biological science means "reproduction of a living organism without sexual intercourse" and currently refers to the act of implanting an embryo in the womb that was first produced in a laboratory. The cell is a French word that means that living organisms, despite the differences in shape and characteristics, are all made of small elements called cells, whose structure is almost the same in animals and plants. The meaning of cell in Farsi is "cell" which means a living organism despite the difference in shape and appearance. The process of asexual production of a group of cells, molecules, or living organisms that are all genetically similar is called "simulation" or "cloning". The different uses of this word indicate a common element, which is: the creation and production of a creature similar to the original animal without the involvement of the sexual element. Hence, cloning can be translated into asexual reproduction. Cloning means the steps that are taken to produce several copies of a single gene, and this term is used to mean the physical separation of a single cell and its multiplication in the culture medium to produce a population of those cells. In short, the production of an individual or a group of individuals that are genetically identical to what has been reproduced is called cloning. The most complete form of simulation is somatic cell nuclear transfer through which simulation takes place. By using this technique, the nuclear materials of the human somatic cell or the donor are transferred into an egg that has already been deactivated. Finally, it stimulates the formed egg cell to start its growth and development stages, and as a result, a cloned embryo is obtained. On the other hand, one of the new legal issues is the issue of simulation. This technique is one of the achievements and challenging issues of the contemporary world, but it has also been faced by scholars of jurisprudence, lawyers, and authors of legal texts. Accordingly, this article was conducted with the aim of investigating and analyzing simulation techniques in medical sciences with a legal approach. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study analyzed and described its sayings and ideas with the method of documentary studies. In this method, the simulation process is carried out by splitting the embryo. Explanation that one or more cells are taken from the fertilized embryo and placed in a suitable environment such as the uterus or a laboratory tube. Each of these cells has the ability to turn into a new embryo, the result of which, if placed in a suitable space, is an embryo like the original embryo. This method is the same way that happens in nature, and identical twins or multiple twins are considered to be a manifestation of it. This method has been successfully used on many animals such as sheep, cows, mice and monkeys. Results: The results of the research indicate that the therapeutic simulation of the dual process is carried out by the method of embryo derivation and nuclear transfer, and healthy cells are replaced by defective and unhealthy cells, the purpose of which is the possibility of restoring life and health to a person, on the other hand, techniques Infertility treatment such as in vitro fertilization, sperm injection into the uterus is one of the methods commonly known as assisted reproductive methods. From the point of view of its goals, simulation is classified into two types: human or reproductive (first paragraph) and research or therapeutic (second paragraph). In other words, simulation is done for two purposes: creating a perfect human (human simulation); Creating different organs of the human body (therapeutic simulation). The realization of the second goal is in such a way that every potential cell has the ability to become all the cells of the organs, so the growth can be stopped in the laboratory and only a specific cell, such as the heart, nerve or kidney, etc., can be allowed to grow. gave There are many disagreements and oppositions regarding human cloning due to its negative consequences, but there is no disagreement among scientists regarding therapeutic simulation, and even because of its widespread use and its many and important benefits in medicine, it is welcomed because of the treatment of chronic diseases. Conclusion: In this paper, the simulation technique, which is considered one of the new human achievements, was discussed, and in this regard, the desired approach was expressed from the perspective of the jurists of the Imamiyya school and Iranian law writers. And it is the subject of controversy in the contemporary world, which has entered into the field of writing with the aim of researching, examining, and explaining the jurisprudence and legal ruling of therapeutic simulation technique, and the writer has tried to analyze and describe the material using the library method. The findings of the research indicate that, first, its therapeutic application is to create stem cells that are similar to the patient's stem cells, in this type of simulation, healthy cells are replaced by defective and unhealthy cells; in the continuation of the discussion, we concluded that the simulation phenomenon takes place during the dual process by two methods of embryo derivation and nuclear transfer. In addition, infertility treatment techniques such as in vitro fertilization, sperm injection into the uterus, and other methods are commonly known as assisted reproductive methods. The results of the research show that from the point of view of its goals, simulation is divided into two types of human or reproduction or reproduction (first paragraph) and research or therapeutic (second paragraph) and with the two goals of creating a complete human (human simulation) and creating different organs of the human body (therapeutic simulation) is done that in the legal discussion of this issue, we can pay attention to the following: abortion has a customary meaning and the custom of destroying laboratory embryos is not considered abortion. Also, the analogy of "Mustanbat al-Ala" is not valid in Imami jurisprudence, and the ruling on abortion and the destruction of the fetus outside the womb cannot be considered the same. On the other hand, the similarity of the principle of innocence, if we have doubts about whether something is haram, we rule that it is not haram. The rule of Daraa also stipulates that in case of doubt, punishment cannot be carried out. Therefore, there is no reason to prohibit the destruction of the simulated embryo, and it seems that extracting and using stem cells from it is without problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The goal of medical science, which is progressing on a daily basis, is not only to avoid diseases but also to increase the quality of life of people (1). Quality of life is an important indicator of health beyond physical health and includes the feeling of healthiness, some degree of satisfaction and the general sense of self-worth (2), namely a mental state of well-being that can be influenced by culture, value system and the stressful environment (3). According to WHO definition, the quality of life is people's understanding of their position in life in terms of culture, value system in which they live, their goals, expectations, standards and priorities (4), which is affected in different ways by social, economic, environmental and individual factors (5). In fact, economic, psychological, social and environmental factors (6), as well as age, health status, occupation (7), gender, culture, education along with general behavioral, job and adaptation elements can influence the quality of life (8). Failure to pay attention to quality of life can lead to disappointment, reduction in social, cultural, economic, and health activities, loss of work motivation, decreased job performance, occupational burnout and early retirement (8, 9). On the other hand, paying attention to quality of life increases efficiency and reduces psychological pressures (10). Quality of life is one of the most important aspects of human health, and improving the health of employees may reduce medical costs, disability and absenteeism, improve job satisfaction and increase productivity (9, 11). The operating room is a closed environment associated with risks and anomalies, which can be considered a unit with environmental factors of stress causing dissatisfaction with personal responsibilities and professional work of surgical technologists, which may lead to physical and mental disorders adversely affecting a person's health and quality of life (13). Because we need employees who enjoy their high quality of life in order to provide satisfactory health care (14), the physical, mental health and emotional management of staff should not be neglected (15). In the operating room, the common goal of the surgical team is to provide effective, systematic and safe care, and failure of each member to perform their role can have a serious impact on the success of the entire team, and on the other hand, the success of an individual as a member of the team creates personal satisfaction in him/her (16) because surgical technologists are responsible for maintaining safety and comfort for patients in the operating room (17). Any negligence on the part of technologists may endanger the life of patients. According to the search for sources on this issue in Iran and abroad, it was observed that there were limited studies on quality of life of surgical technologists. Therefore, the researcher decided to conduct the present study with the aim of determining the quality of life and its related factors among surgical technologists of the medical training hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study that was conducted in hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences hospitals, 125 surgical technologists were recruited. Inclusion criterion was holding an associate or bachelor degree in surgical technology. The cluster sampling method was used, in which each of the centers was considered a separate cluster. According to the number of staff in the center, the personnel IDs of individuals were written on small sheets of paper. Then, the IDs were randomly selected by a person outside the study, the number was matched with that in the staff list, the desired person was chosen and sampling completed. A total of 150 questionnaires was distributed among surgical technologists in hospitals. The data were collected using demographic information questionnaire (age, gender, marital status, work experience, type of shift work, level of education, income, night shift hours per month and employment status) as well as 26-item WHOQOL-BREF. After obtaining permission from Research Vice-Chancellor (ethics code IR.IUMS.REC 1395.9411101009), OR was visited to collect data. The research goal was explained to all the research units, and there was no compulsion to participate in the study. In all stages of the research, the utmost confidentiality was observed for personal information, and anonymous questionnaires were completed as self-reports by the research units themselves in presence of the researcher. The normal distribution of data was confirmed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in SPSS-22. The results of descriptive analysis for qualitative variables were reported using frequency (percentage). The values of variables related to different dimensions of quality of life in each level of the studied variables were reported using mean±SD. To examine the relationship between different dimensions of quality of life with the studied variables, independent t-test was used for two-level qualitative variables, and one-way ANOVA was employed for qualitative variables with more than two levels. Bonferroni's post hoc test was used for pairwise comparisons. To investigate the effect of each variable on different dimensions of quality of life by controlling the effect of other variables, we used linear regression analysis, so that the significant variables entered at 0.2 level in univariate analysis. P<0.05 was considered the significance level in the rest of tests. Results: The participants of this research were 125 surgical technologists. More than half of the research units (52%) were <30 years, 40.8% were 30-40 years and the rest >49 years. The majority of research units (79.2%) were women and the rest were men. The mean and standard deviation of the quality of life was 63.10 ± 18.57; quality-of-life score in dimension of physical health was 54.77 ± 18.87, social health 54.60 ± 18.07, mental health 54.40±14.19, and environmental health 48.27±12.25, which shows that the lowest quality of life score of research units was related to the environmental dimension. By controlling the effect of each of the dependent variables, the variables of marital status and time of night shift had a significant effect on the level of physical health, so that after controlling the effect of night shift variable, the physical health score of married people was on average 13.23 units higher than single people [B=13.23, SE=2.96, P=<0.001, 95%CI= (7.36, 19.09)]. Also, after controlling the effect of the variable of marital status, physical health score of people who had >36 hours of night shift per month was on average 8.73 points lower than those who had <12 hours of night shift per month [B=- 8.73, SE=4.01, P=0.031, 95% CI= (-16.66, -0.790)]. Conclusion: The quality of life of surgical technologists was at an average level, and it was lower than other dimensions in the environmental dimension. Married people had a higher quality of physical health than unmarried people, and physical health was lower in those who had >36 hours of night shift per month relative to people with <12 hours of night shift per month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Every organization has an identity that is based on organizational culture. Organizations, like individuals, have personality, which is called the culture of that organization. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the components of organizational culture in medical universities and present a conceptual model using the Delphi technique. Methods: To conduct the research, semi-structured interviews with 15 experts, including university professors in the field of organizational culture at Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and the Delphi method were used. In this paper, three basic steps of qualitative methods included; Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding and then the validity of the extracted codes was checked by Delphi method. Results: The findings showed that in the case of creating and forming friendly groups in universities of medical sciences in order to improve relations and proper cooperation in terms of presenting ideas, opinions and also solving problems, it creates a favorable organizational culture in universities. Medical science will be.in this section, the survey has been conducted in several stages to reach the consensus of the experts for the components. The components identified in the qualitative phase were presented to 15 experts in the form of a closed questionnaire. Then the average answers were calculated using Excel software. The purpose of the Delphi method is to reach the most reliable group agreement of experts on a specific issue, which is done by using questionnaires and asking experts' opinions, repeatedly, according to their feedback. This process continues until the average numbers become stable enough. In this research, the minimum average value of the answers is 3.5 and the difference of opinion for the Delphi averages is 1 (the lowest number in the response spectrum). If the average response is less than 3.5 or the amount of disagreement is greater than 1, the corresponding component will be removed. In the first stage of Delphi, the identified components were presented to the experts in the form of a 5-option Delphi questionnaire, and the average answers were calculated. At this stage, the average answers given for the components of risk acceptance, the importance of work to satisfy personal needs, personal influence, the effort to participate in the public-private sector, and creating an atmosphere without fear and intimidation were less than 3.5, and therefore this component were removed from the process. Kendall's coefficient of agreement in the first stage was equal to 0.569, which shows that the experts' agreement in this stage is average. In the second stage of Delphi, the Delphi questionnaire was again provided to the experts and the average answers and also the average difference with the previous stage were calculated. At this stage, the average difference in all identified components is less than 1, but the average components of voluntary coordination and voluntary presence of people to carry out assigned tasks, sensitivity to the needs, desires and personal problems of organization members, creating a communication network and alliance with Good people, the independence of employees and team members for how to do work and design a happy and stimulating work environment was less than 3.5. Therefore, these components were also removed from the process and the third round of Delphi was conducted. Kendall's coefficient was 0.590 in the second stage, which shows that the experts' agreement in this stage is average. In the third round, the average difference in all components is below 1, and also the average of all identified components is higher than 3.5. Also, Kendall's coefficient was obtained in the third stage equal to 0.690, which shows that the level of agreement of the experts in this stage is almost high. Therefore, all the indicators that entered the third round of Delphi were evaluated according to experts and therefore these indicators were approved. According to the results obtained from the Delphi method, finally 8 main components and 54 secondary components were identified. According to the number of experts, the content validity index of CVR is confirmed. Also, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient in all components is above 0.7, which shows the acceptable reliability of the components questionnaire. Conclusion: The purpose of the current research was to analyze the components of organizational culture in universities of medical sciences using the Delphi technique. Based on the results, 8 main components and 64 sub-components were identified as organizational culture components in medical sciences universities. First, the questionnaire made by the researcher and the answer package was provided to the experts. Then it was done by Delphi method in three rounds until we reached the agreement of the experts for the components. In the first round, 5 sub-components and in the second round, 5 other sub-components were removed from the study process. Kendall's coefficient in the first and second rounds is 0.569 and 0.590, respectively, which shows that the experts' agreement in these two rounds is average. In the third round, the average difference in all components was below 1 and also the average of all identified components was higher than 3.5. Kendall's coefficient was also obtained at 0.690 in the third stage, which shows that the level of agreement of the experts in this stage was almost high. Therefore, all the indicators that entered the third round of Delphi were evaluated and approved by experts. Therefore, in the end, 8 main components and 54 sub-components were identified. According to the results of this study, the components of organizational culture in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences include shared responsibility; team orientation; The main result; desirable communication pattern; adaptability; governance and leadership; The emphasis is on details and ideation and individual creativity. Based on the results obtained, it can be said that in universities of medical sciences, the factors that define the organizational culture of the university are joint responsibility and cooperation among the members of the organization, attention to teamwork, correct communication., friendly and favorable among the members of the organization, accuracy in the results and considering it important, adapting the members of the organization to the conditions and problems created, the presence of a competent and capable manager in the university, emphasizing the details of the problems of the university and trying to provide a solution for it. It is a collective and team form, as well as expression of creativity and ideas by all members of the university. If groups are formed in a friendly manner in universities of medical sciences to create cooperation and proper relationships to solve problems and also to present ideas and opinions, a favorable organizational culture will be implemented in universities of medical sciences. Therefore, it is suggested that the universities of medical sciences of the country pay attention to teamwork and cooperation among the members of the organization so that they can use the opinions and ideas of all people. If all employees have a sense of responsibility in the university and adapt themselves to the conditions, it can be said that an organizational culture has been implemented in the university. The requirement for this is to pay attention to the details available in the university as well as the results obtained from the cooperation of the members of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Neural activation is associated with increasing energy requirements, and increasing peripheral Lactate (LA) concentration in response to severe exercise, enhances LA supply as an energy substrate to meet acute neurological needs. The acute speed and football exercises may affect cognitive function by increasing LA concentration and nervous activation. Increasing the neurocognitive performance of growing adolescent boy players an important role in their physical performance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of speed and plyometric training activity on the concentrations of nerve proteins in blood circulation. Although speed interval and plyometric training in football players may lead to progressive fatigue and activate the central nervous system and subsequent cognitive disorders, it may also positively increase neurotrophines such as BDNF or IGF-1 and affect brain neutrophils and neurological function. According to this evidence, we assumed that BDNF, BNG and IGF-1 increase in response to a football training session, which may be associated with increasing neurological function of adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of an acute speed and plyometric football-based exercise on plasma concentrations of BDNF, BNG and IGF-1 neural proteins, which may play an important role in enhancing cognitive abilities. And the effect of speed and plyometric training activity on the concentrations of nerve proteins in blood circulation. Methods: The present study is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design, which was conducted in two sessions, including an intervention and control session. After calling in Tehran's schools, 20 adolescents 14-15 years of age were selected and accessible as a sample, and randomly participated in 2 sessions of speed and plyometric exercises and control sessions. All subjects are familiar with how to perform speed exercises (RAST Test) during a familiarization period (two sessions). On the day of the main test, after 12 hours of fasting, the test was referred to the test site and the first blood sample (5 cc) was taken from the antiquiobital vein. After the standard breakfast of the subjects, we were wearing sportswear and after ten minutes of general warming up the speed training included six times a maximum of 35 meters with a 10-second recovery between each run. After the test was performed, the plyometric exercise was executed, including a pair jump and one -foot barriers, jump on barriers with 180 degrees rotation, zigzag jump and one foot forward, jump on obstacles with both legs and legs Single-tofoot jumping on the barriers of single -foot and throwing a medicine ball, on the sides, with 12 repetitions. The active rest between turn was considered two to three minutes (29). The subject's heart rate was performed during the controlled exercise (Polar heart rate monitor) and the exercise in the range of 80-90 % of the heart rate. The second blood sample was taken immediately after the training session was completed. All sampling steps for each subject were performed under the same conditions and the BDNF and NGF levels were measured through the USA-made Kit. The IGF-I levels were measured through the ELISA methods and IGF-I Kit. Cognitive neurological function was also measured through the Stroop test (ST) before and after the training session. In this study, the Polish paper version of ST was used. ST consisted of 71 words written with colored ink. The task of the participants was to name the font color regardless of the written word. For statistical analysis, the research data are first described using the mean and standard deviation, then the changes before and after all the variables of the two sessions were calculated and analyzed using the dependent stroop test. A significant level was considered to be P≤0.05 and SPSS 16 was used to perform statistical calculations. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the somatic specifications of the research subjects was as follow: Weight (59.7±3.2), Body mass index (21.4±1.3), Fat percentage (21.7±2.8), and Fat free mase (41.10±4.1) The results of the present study showed that BDNF data changes were significantly different in training and control session (t19=12/89, p<0/001). In the exercise session, the BDNF rate increased by approximately 2.5 times compared with control session. NGF data also showed significant differences in both sessions before and after acute speed and Plyometric training (t19=4.89, p<0/001). Regarding the plasma levels of IGF-1 also the results showed a quite significant difference in comparison of two sessions (t19 =2.89, p=0.019). The time of implementation of the stroop test at two sessions of training and control in the preceding and later times also showed significant differences that in the exercise session the test was significantly reduced than the control session (t19 =3.89, p=0/009). The test time in the exercise session decreased from 59.3s to 53.1s. There was no significant change in the control session at the time of stroop performance (58.6 s and 59.3 s). These findings show that acute speeds and plyometric exercise are useful for improving post exercise cognitive performance in adolescent. Skeletal muscle contraction during high-intensity exercise increases BDNF levels in the brain, and the speed and plyeometric exercise protocol is a more effective and preferred intervention to raise BDNF levels than traditional exercise mode, with moderate intensity. Acute speed and plyometric exercises increase human cognitive function. Improvement of cognitive function may be the synthesis or release of neurological proteins that are adjusted by high blood LA after exercise. Conclusion: In summary, the current findings suggest that acute plyometric and speed training enhances human cognitive performance. The improvement in cognitive performance may be from the synthesis or release of neuroprotective proteins modulated by high blood LA concentrations after exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Innovation, which is the result of the joint work of university and industry, is an initiative that improves the efficiency of innovation. This type of cooperation, i.e. collaborative innovation between university and industry, is called collaborative innovation. Collaborative innovation brings dynamism and vitality to companies and causes economic growth and expansion. (1). In fact, one of the important factors in innovation, and one of the important factors in economic growth and development, is the transfer of knowledge that takes place between universities and industry because this cooperation makes commercialization in companies easier (2). On the other hand, one of the things that has always been very important in knowledgebased companies is the commercialization process. This process has three separate phases, the ideation phase, the technology/product development phase, and the commercialization phase. First, an idea that has a demand in the market is created and cultivated. In the development stage, this idea becomes a product or technology, and commercialization is technological knowledge that has entered the market (9). In our beloved country of Iran, knowledge-based companies active in the field of medical products have succeeded in reaching self-sufficiency in the field of medical products to almost 40% in the past few years, but they have been very unsuccessful in the discussion of commercializing medical products for export to other countries. . Now, according to the capacity of our country, we can earn up to two billion dollars a year from the commercialization of these types of goods, which has a positive impact on the national economy. Therefore, the researcher seeks to solve these problems by presenting a model for commercialization. Therefore, the main research question is, what is the commercialization model of medical products for knowledge-based companies? Methods: The current research is of an exploratory and expansion type, which was conducted using a qualitative method. The statistical population of this research is experts with practical experience in the field of commercialization of products of knowledgebased companies in the science and technology park of Mazandaran province, and professors of the University of Medical Sciences and management professors of management faculties of universities of Mazandaran province, who are aware of the subject of the research. 12 people were selected as samples from among them by snowball method until full saturation. Then a semi-structured interview was conducted to collect data from them. Interviews were held one by one with each expert. After conducting the interviews (audio recording), the texts of the interviews recorded from the experts, on the same day of the interview, were transcribed word by word on paper and typed as research data., was used. The research data are analyzed on two levels, the textual level and the conceptual level The textual level includes the coding of the data, the conceptual level emphasizes the construction of the research model including establishing a relationship between the codes based on the Strauss and Corbin model. Also, in order to ensure the validity of the model, the strategy of analysis and review by knowledgeable people (multi-view) has been used. Results: To design the model using the foundation data method in the first step; Initial coding was done using the text of the interviews. In this step, one hundred and nine primary codes were extracted. In the second step; Axial coding was done. In this step, thirty-two axial codings were obtained from a total of one hundred and nine initial codes. In the third step; Selective coding Selective coding was done based on the results of open coding and axial coding in this step, which is the main step of theorizing. Thirteen codes were obtained. Also, the validity of the research model was done by using the analysis and review method by knowledgeable people, in this method, to check the validity of the research model, all the data and primary extracted codes were sent to other experts who are familiar with the issue of commercialization of medical products in knowledge-based companies. They were informed and experts were given and they were asked to modify and approve the designed codes, and all the codes were approved, thus the validity of this research was proved. Also, the reliability of the research was checked with Kreppendorf's alpha method, and the agreement of five experts on the codes was equal to 89%. Considering that this amount is more than 60%, the reliability of the codings of this research is confirmed. Conclusion: In this research, the causal conditions for the commercialization of medical products, four factors of human capital, technology, digital transformability of the company and environmental factors have been stated. (Shirvani, Tulai and Delavi, 2019 limited the causal conditions to digital technology. Considering these factors by the companies residing in the science and technology park, they can take into account all the effective factors in creating a successful business for their products and Don't just focus on technology. The strategies of this research have been identified in three dimensions; Financial strategies, market orientation and attracting cooperation of the University of Medical Sciences. Every business unit needs capital in order to set up and start its activity, and in order to develop and continue its activity, it needs new investment, which must be provided through financial resources (24). Access to financial resources is one of the important factors in the success of companies and one of the important concerns of companies at different stages of their life (25). Market orientation can be defined as a stage of organizational growth or as a level that reflects organizational maturity (26). Kotler has looked at market orientation as the final stage of the development of a business organization and believes that the market orientation is created along the development of different business orientations. Market orientation is based on marketing thinking and marketing thinking forms its philosophical foundation. (26). However, marketing thinking as a foundation and philosophical foundation is not enough. Because market orientation focuses not only on customers, but also on competitors, different organizational issues and many external factors that affect the needs and preferences of customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The underlying factors of human behavior have been the subject of research for centuries, and the concept of happiness has generally been proposed as an answer to this question. The search for happiness is like every person. In recent years, intense work speed, working conditions, stress, anxiety, and technological advances have brought the concept of happiness to the fore. Therefore, the phenomenon of being happy, which is needed due to negative reasons arising today, has brought many questions about the definition and nature of happiness, its determinants, and whether it exists. Positive psychology, which focuses on the positive aspects of people, states that a person should actualize himself at the highest level. Today, football has become a global sport played by people in almost every corner of the world. This game attracts millions of people through its activities as players, coaches, referees, fans, volunteers, and supporters. Also recently, football has been identified as a driver with economic, social, and political influence for many stakeholders. So multinational companies invest billions of dollars in the field of financial support. Also, from childhood, players and teenagers in football schools choose their favorite football models and play on the football fields by imitating them. Football in developed countries has become a revenue-generating industry, and sports managers are looking for solutions that can make the best use of the potential around them and achieve their sports and economic goals in the shadow of that. In such a situation, managers are successful in creating better conditions for themselves by diversifying their work environment. Nowadays, most countries have realized that diversifying services and taking advantage of their direct and indirect benefits are not possible without proper planning and policies, and other organizations and companies need to formulate goals, strategies, and operational planning. It is so that, while being aware of the direction of movement, he can avoid any reworking, going astray, and wasting his physical financial, and informational resources. Currently, football schools are in trouble with their mushroom-like growth in terms of facilities, or they have drawn a goal other than the training and development of football talents, which if it were otherwise, even now, despite the many years of activity of these schools, the team We had strong players in the club and national level. Although some steps have been taken in this direction in recent years, it is not enough, and more attention should be paid to this matter. Perhaps a suitable solution is to identify ways to develop happiness and joy in football schools. By researching this and compiling it, football schools can play their crucial role in the sport and football of the country in the best way and without a doubt take their rightful place in developing talents. And its durability is getting closer every day; therefore, in this research, an attempt is made to investigate the effect of the factors affecting the vitality and vitality by relying on the diversification of football school services. Methods: The approach of the current research is a combination (of quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population of the qualitative part includes 17 sports management experts and physical training managers and coaches of the country's football leagues, and the statistical population of the quantitative part includes all the visitors to football schools in Mashhad, whose number was about 3000 people. The number of statistical samples in the qualitative section was 17 experts and in the quantitative section, the number was 306. The methods of collecting information are different in different stages. a) Collecting information and identifying the factors in the phase of identifying and studying related articles and books and interviewing experts, then according to the above question, there is a need to choose a specific criterion for including or not including the articles and works are done. To ensure that the research is well-formed. These criteria are necessary because as filters, they eliminate incorrect and irrelevant information. For this purpose, for a study to be considered in the systematic review of this research, it must first be a scientific article published in a university journal that has a scientific review, in addition to the fact that it must have been published between 2010 and 2020. In addition, it should be taken into consideration, whether it is in an operational method or in a conceptual way, it affects the goals of the research (study) since concepts and ideas in management progress and develop very quickly. This is the reason why articles older than fourteen years are not recognized as suitable because they can cause problems and distort the results. Of course, it should be noted that in addition to the articles selected based on the above criteria, some articles in lower-ranked journals and even articles presented at conferences have been considered to have more comprehensive access. To the literature related to this field. Papers were searched in Google Scholar, Springer, and ScienceDirect databases. To analyze the data, Lisrel software was used. Results: The results showed that the number of 34 open codes and 5 core codes (the existence of basic standards, safe physical facilities, service quality, having a written program and experienced trainers, and having a talent search program) are among the factors affecting vitality and vitality based on diversity. It is part of the services of football schools. Conclusion: In general, it can be said that by diversifying the services of football schools, it is possible to create a higher level of freshness and vitality in those who refer to football schools, which can improve the reputation of a football school and earn and increase Help the health level of people in the society. Undoubtedly, creating a happy and cheerful environment through the services of football schools in a good way and creating trust and understanding among families and every football school is of particular importance. On the other hand, this leads to branding and creating a brand image with the customer as a tool to create loyalty in customers and gain profitability as well as the sustainability of the organization. If we can design a good brand name and adhere to the commitments that we claim in the brand name, we can guarantee their loyalty to our future services. Because the football school has a set of organizational facilities it is profitable to enter into other businesses using those resources, and the branding of the football school means searching and entering into businesses that are well with The company's facilities are matched and the long-term effect within the football school is positive in terms of profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: This study aims to identify the effective components on professional competencies of faculty members in a distance education platform.Today universities compete in multi-dimensional markets (national and international student, research, enterprise) they are required to maintain solvency and comply with benchmarks and legal frameworks, to produce high quality research work, keep student consumers happy, produce good graduates—the list of imperatives grows. Since the role of higher education is decisive in economic, social, technological and cultural development of the country and the specialized manpower required by different sectors are trained by higher education. Therefore, the strengthening and development of higher education is the basis for the development of other sectors. Among these, one of the main and important factors of the country education system are faculty members. So, their ability and competencies have a direct impact on the performance of higher education. New missions in the university system and understanding the multi-semantic concept of the university have always been the necessity of paying attention to the subject of faculty members by policy makers and higher education managers. Therefore, the reaction of universities to the issue of faculty members' competencies as one of the main assets of the university has always become an attractive and significant subject in academic circles, so that over time universities and higher education institutions have found that they need programs that essentially help them in managing, developing and improving this capital. This attention comes at a time when confrontation with the developing global economy, global communication through new technologies and systems, the growth of higher education costs, the emergence of new knowledge and research capabilities, the rise of global education and literacy, and the emergence of trans-competitiveness in the fields of higher education have made it inevitable to increase organizational efficiency for universities and higher education centers. Experts believe that faculty members' quality and competence level is one of the important factors in students' success. Therefore, lack of necessary skills and competencies by professors can affect the faculty members and students' performance. Given the importance of the subject over the past decade, the study of faculty members' competencies, especially at the graduate level, has been considered by many researchers in the field of education, teaching and professional development. The importance of this issue is that the students' fate depends on their professors and their level of competence in various fields. Competencies refer to a person's knowledge, skills, abilities, or personality traits that directly affect his or her job performance. The concept of competency has a long history in the field of management and is more applicable to leaders and managers. Competency is a combination of explicit and implicit knowledge, behavior, and skills that give individuals the potential and capacity to perform tasks effectively. The current situation of the country's universities, which with the increasing demand for higher education and increasing degree of degree, along with the increasing tendency of the private and semi-private sector to establish universities and higher education institutions, often of poor quality, can have a negative impact on university faculty performance. Criticisms such as the reduction of quality, the incompatibility of university output with the needs of the labor market, business and the sacrifice of education and research, have targeted these organizations with severe criticism that the lack of attention to it at the micro level, A number of undocumented and unqualified citizens want to occupy top positions at the macro level and will slow down the process of moving towards sustainable development. What are the qualifications of faculty members to affect the development of the distance education system and how vital and sensitive the contribution of each factor is an issue that will be studied in the present study. Currently, one of the most important challenges facing Iran's higher education is the little and brief development of faculty members of universities. The present study seeks to identify the components affecting the professional competencies of faculty members in the context of distance education in order to consider them in policy making and planning to improve the quality of human resource development. Methods: The research design is descriptive survey. The qualitative section was used to deduce the model. In the quantitative stage, the Delphi method based on experts’ judgement was used to indexing the model. The statistical population (N=190) in this research was the faculty members of Payam Noor University of Khorasan Razavi who were selected and navigated based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970) Table of determining sample size (N=120). The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that was edited and modified in several stages. The validity of the questionnaire was measured through construct validity and its reliability was calculated through Chorenbach α (94%) Obtained. Based on literature and research history, the components were identified. The identified and effective components on professional competencies of faculty members including knowledge, skills, behavior, attitudes and sub-factors are relevant to each factor.In this paper, recent articles, theses and sources were studied and 120 items related to the professional competencies of faculty members, were extracted and given to the experts in the first stage. Out of this number, 20 items with standard deviations above one and below average were removed based on analysis.In the second stage, the items were examined for re-examination in the form of a questionnaire by 15 experts. In the second stage, 93 items, out of 110, were finally approved. The professional competency questionnaire of the faculty members has construct validity based on the experts’ view and the reliability of the questionnaire was determined to be 0.943. Results: To find the effective fundamental variables which affect e-learning, the Delphi method was used. The effectiveness of knowledge factor (0.314), skill factor (0.219), behavior factor (0.125) and attitude factor (0.255) were obtained. In this study, knowledge factor with specific value (6.66) and explained variance (12.40) had the highest share among factors affecting faculty members' competencies. Cultural knowledge with factor load (0.80), computer literacy with factor load (0.78), information literacy with factor load (0.75) and job knowledge with factor load (0.70) are the most effective variables of knowledge factor, respectively. According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the highest value is related to knowledge dimension and the lowest value is related to behavior dimension. Conclusion: The value of human resources capital in the development and use of main competencies and capabilities cannot be underestimated. For maintaining and following developments in human resources’ tasks and functions, experts in human resource must acquire and develop a new set of competencies to complete their changing roles and responsibilities. Developing learning culture, improving communication channels, developing team skills and creating an organizational climate combined with meaningful feeling, competence, independence, trust and participation can play an important role in promoting faculty members' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Cancer is one of the most important issues in the world which affects public health as an important problem. Cancer is the third cause of death in Iran with an annual occurrence of 51,000 new cases [1]. Previous studies demonstrated the considerable increasing trends in the mortality of gastrointestinal cancer in Iran, especially for Gastric cancer and colorectal cancer [2]. In general, incidence rates of these two cancers are high in Eastern Europe, Eastern Asia, and South America and the lowest rates are in North America, and most parts of Africa [3]. The most critical factors that increases the risk of gastrointestinal cancer are aging, inappropriate diet, biological factors, and infectious diseases which contribute to the cancer occurrence [4]. Colon cancer is studied to be one of the most critical digestive diseases and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths [5]. Gastric cancer is important cancer in the world and the prevalence of gastric cancer is raised with aging in both men and women [6]. Colon cancer is a disorder in which malignant cells form in the large intestinal tissues [7]. On the other hand, in gastric cancer the malignant cells form in the lining layer of the stomach caused it. The risk of gastric cancer is high in Iran, and unlike in Western countries it is not under the control, thus it is on a dramatically increasing trend in Iran [8]. Secondary metabolites and phenolic compounds of plants can play an important role in reducing the side effects of chemotherapy drugs and have some positive effects on cancer cells, as well as in the expression of apoptotic pathway genes [9]. Colutea persica was used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent in gastrointestinal problems [10]. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Colutea persica on gastric cancer (AGS), colon cancer (HT-29), and normal fibroblast (SKM) cell lines. Methods: Fresh Colutea persica leaves were collected from the Delfard region of Kerman province in 1399. Dried leaves of Colutea persica were ground into a fine powder by the electronic grinder. At the next step, the ground powder was extracted using ethanol by the maceration. Then, it was placed on a shaker at room temperature. After that, the collective extracted was filtered using a filter membrane. The solvent extracted was evaporated in the rotary evaporator. Finally, to completely remove the solvent, the extract was placed in an oven, and the hydroalcoholic extract was maintained at -20 °C until use. In order to measure the total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts the aluminum chloride complex-forming assay was applied. In this method, quercetin was applied as the standard which flavonoid content was distinguished based on the quercetin equivalent. Briefly, Colutea persica extract was added to the aluminum chloride hexahydrate and mixed with potassium acetate and distilled water. After 30 minutes, the absorbance of the reaction was checked using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 415 nm. The blank sample was made by replacing aluminum chloride with deionized water. Before measuring, all of the solutions were filtered by using Whatmann filter papers (number 41). Total flavonoid content in Colutea persica extract was measured using the standard calibration curve which is achieved from different concentrations of the standard reference. The total phenolic content (TPC) of organic crude extracts was calculated using the FolinCiocalteu reagent method. In this method, gallic acid was used as a reference standard (20-100 μg/mL) for plotting the calibration curve. 0.5 mL of the Colutea persica extract was added to 1.5 mL of Folin-Ciocalteu solution. Then, it was diluted (1:10) with deionized water and added to the sodium carbonate solution. The absorbance was recorded after one hour at 765 nm by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Finally, the total phenolic content was calculated based on gallic acid equivalents (mgGAE/g). All the experiments were done in triplicate. Cytotoxic effects of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml concentrations of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were evaluated on the cells for 24 hours using MTT assay. The apoptosis induction was monitored using flowcytometry by annexin-V FITC/PI doublestaining. Cells were seeded and after 24 h they were incubated with a 1.25 mg/ml concentration of the extract and for each treated cell line, one control cell was considered. The annexin V/PI assay was performed to confirm the cytotoxic activity of the plant extracts against AGS and HT-29 cell lines. Total RNA was isolated from cells using RNX-plus TM Reagent before and after treatment. Total RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA using M-MuLV-RT and random hexamers. The cDNA was assayed by real-time PCR using primers for BAX and BCL-2 genes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, one way ANOVA, Tukey test at p ≤0.05... Results: The MTT assay revealed the cytotoxicity against both two cell lines (HT29 and AGS) in comparison to the HT29 and AGS normal cell line (SKM). The expression level of BAX gene increased and BCL2 gene decreased in AGS cell line after treatment by plant extract. (p<0.05). The total phenolic content was expressed in terms of milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram dry weight of plant extract. The total phenolic content of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Colutea persica were 5.02±.05 and 5.85.±0.08 mgGAE/g respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings show that Colutea. persica has anti-cancer effects in vitro against AGS and HT-29 cancer cell lines. Induction of apoptosis by using plant extract was achieved by down-regulation of BCL2 and up-regulation of BAX. Finally, the current study suggests that Colutea. persica may have cancer-fighting properties and could be a promising new candidate in this field. Besides, the molecular target of Colutea. persica and its mechanism are unknown, and the author intends to use animal models and bioinformatics methods to discover the active ingredients of Colutea. persica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Many studies have shown that after ischemic stroke, survivors experience motor dysfunction, memory impairment, and cognitive problems. Exercise is an effective and widely used factor in rehabilitation strategy to improve cognitive recovery and motor control following ischemic conditions caused by stroke, which is effective by increasing signaling pathways related to neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, etc. Recognizing and examining these factors as a result of exercise can be a principled solution to prescribe the most efficient and effective training method for the faster recovery of people suffering from stroke. Stroke is a type of injury related to blood vessels in different levels of the brain. A clinical study of people who had a stroke showed that over several years after the stroke, people who had different types of exercise in their rehabilitation program showed good functional results in neurological rehabilitation, but in groups Without exercise, most people developed aggravated neurological disorders, with mortality in this group being much higher than in the other group. Lack of blood supply to nerve cells in the CNS causes neurological and cognitive disorders, in which all parts of the nerve cell such as the cell body, axons, axonal terminus, and dendritic cavity in the penumbra region Deprived of blood affects the healing processes of various therapies, often involving neurogenesis and angiogenesis, which regenerate damaged cells in neural circuits. The neuroplasticity process in the central nervous system is divided into two parts: structural and functional changes, which have the ability to adapt to learning processes, and cognitive memory following neurological damage, which are dynamic processes that a number of centers Different parts of the central nervous system will undergo numerous changes and interactions. However, by natural mechanisms, the body produces simultaneous changes after ischemic brain injury, but these changes are not sufficient to reverse and repair the damage. In normal conditions or in conditions of brain injuries, rehabilitation can be created as a dynamic process in the nervous system with the aim of adapting to different conditions. Recently, exercise has been considered an effective and practical factor to increase cognitive function and motor function in rehabilitation conditions that increase dendritic branching and axonal myelination through neuroplasticity processes such as increased neural activity and postsynaptic stimulation ability. These phenomena can occur after a stroke. Due to the importance of recognizing and examining the effective factors in the rehabilitation period after stroke, exercise in recent years has shown a very effective role in improving the physical and cognitive condition of these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the effective mechanisms in the neurogenic and angiogenic process and also to inhibit apoptotic processes due to exercise as effective factors in improving motor function and cognitive ability after stroke. Methods: To conduct this study, search the Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science databases on the effect of various types of exercise on neuronal molecular and cellular changes in the post-ischemic stroke rehabilitation period from 2005 to 2021. Mainly in the title, abstract of articles, and keywords in the studied articles, the words, Ischemic stroke, Rehabilitation, Endurance training, cognitive training, Neuroplasticity, were searched. The inclusion criteria for the selected papers were to be published in Latin in international and prestigious journals, and in general to be about the effect of exercise on molecular cellular signaling in the post-stroke rehabilitation period. Finally, based on the standard principles and the title of the articles, the title of the present study was done with 65 articles Results: In this review, we discussed recent studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced neuroplasticity and Neuroprotective after stroke, analyzed the type of exercise rehabilitation. Studies from 2005 to 2021 have shown that exercise, depending on the type, can inhibit nerve cell-degrading factors and rehabilitate them, as well as the formation of new neurons in the penumbra region with cellular and molecular changes specific to neurogenesis. In general, among the various training methods, high-intensity interval training had more advantages, which was also very important considering the time to start training after a stroke. Finally, it was found that the types of exercise in post-stroke rehabilitation will vary greatly based on the type of exercise that should be used based on the type and amount of stroke, in order to determine the exact effects of different types of exercise, more research is needed in the future. Conclusion: It seems that one of the effective strategies in designing exercises for rehabilitation and recovery disorders caused by stroke is to use incremental methods in duration and intensity levels that start with very low-intensity exercises and increase the intensity of exercises over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Cancer is one of the great human challenges in all countries, both advanced and developing. Cancer treatment management can include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy (1). Radiation therapy is done in two ways: Teletherapy and Brachytherapy. Brachytherapy involves the use of radiation sources to treat cancer by irradiating cancerous tissue from within the patient’s body (2). But the dose and how to use this method has always been questionable for researchers. Therefore, this study creates a new fuzzy approach to high-dose brachytherapy by optimizing the distribution of double roughness based on dosimetric criteria. The use of fuzzy logic itself has increased the accuracy of the mathematical model of the problem. This fuzzy model is a new study and innovation used in this paper. Due to the fuzzy nature of this method and its limitations, it is considered fuzzy. This makes the method more accurate and includes parameters such as the patient’s physical ability and age in the problem, which in itself increases the accuracy of the method for each patient. As a result, the obtained answer is improved and the executive program of brachytherapy method is more accurate. Methods: In the present study, the dose prescribed for an organ was evaluated by dosimetric indices listed in Table 1 (18). For the present study, data from 20 patients in the age range of 50 to 74 and mean age 62 years with a wide range of prostate volume between 23 and 103 cubic centimeters, and for the treatment of prostate cancer by brachytherapy from the Academic Medical Center (AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) had participated. To compare brachytherapy programs with high interstitial dose, the dose rate was calculated with 192Ir beam with a radiation dose of 13 Gy, according to the standard protocol TG-43. To begin with, computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were taken from the patients pelvis, and entered into the treatment planning software for use in treatment planning sessions. BT treatment planners and specialists then determined the input catheters, target volumes, and OARs obtained from the medical images. Depending on the size and exact location of the target volumes, between 14 and 20 catheters entered the patient’s body, reaching the target volumes. After designing and approving an acceptable treatment plan, the catheters inserted into the patient’s body were connected to a retractor 4 that controls the movement of the radiation source. After the treatment program, the source was returned to the retractor (8, 14). Then, an integer program model with fuzzy constraints was proposed for programming on high-dose brachytherapy. The description of infrastructures, parameters and variables in this model are in Table 2 (15 ). Finally, the dosimeter index is equal to the sum of all the index variables, as it turned out: The proposed model is a correct programming model called IP. In general, three evolutionary algorithms (EP), (GA) and (ES) were used in this research. The algorithms stopped after creating 20 generations of desirable answers and the best answer of each generation was determined on the chart as a point. The resulting set of answers were connected in the form of graphs, which are used to analyze the results. Each point on the graph identifies the best answer from each of the generations generated by the respective algorithms. These three algorithms were performed independently for each patient and the obtained answers were identified as dots on the chart. The graph obtained for each patient indicates the capability of each of these algorithms. Results: According to this study, each of the three algorithms (EP), (GA) and (ES) are each run independently for each of the patients with prostate cancer. At first, the genetic algorithm showed the ability to get closer to the desired answer sooner, but as the optimization process continues, the rate of convergence to the desired answer decreases, so if the time parameter is very important, the genetic algorithm can be useful. Especially for patients whose prostate volume was larger than other patients. In patients 15, 12, 8 and 9, due to their younger age than other patients and better physical condition, as well as prostate volume less than 80 ml, they had much more promising results than other patients. In contrast, for patients 4 and 19 with an age of over 70, the results were not as favorable as for other patients. The * sign in the table indicates that there is no answer through that patient-specific algorithm that covers 95 or even more of the tumor volume. Therefore, according to Table 2, it can be concluded that the best algorithm that can be considered for the case where the shortest time to reach the target coverage above 95% is the genetic algorithm. According to Table 2, it can be concluded that the best algorithm that can be considered for the case where the shortest time to reach the target coverage above 95% is the genetic algorithm. Therefore, according to Table 3, the ES algorithm has better answers than the other two algorithms for the case in which the largest volume of the tumor is covered. According to the results, the ES algorithm has obtained the best results for patients under 60 years of age and normal prostate volume. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be stated that whether the main goal is the maximum coverage or the goal is the shortest possible time to reach the coverage above 95%, the best algorithm that can get a good answer for each patient is the evolutionary strategy algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Nanotechnology is one of the newest, most important and most efficient sciences in the world. It is an interdisciplinary technology that has caused significant changes and developments in the sciences by solving problems and shortcomings. Nanoscience and nanotechnology is the production of nanometer-sized material that has recently attracted the attention of many researchers in the fields of medicine, agriculture and industry. The great importance and application of this technology has attracted much attention. Nanoparticles are particles about 1 to 100 nm the properties of these materials depend on their nanometer size. Nano materials have unique properties including lightweight and small nanoparticles, High surface-to-mass ratio, using in small quantities, saving consumables, being multifunctional and safe for the environment. Chitosan is a linear amino polysaccharide that has been taken into consideration for its properties such as non-toxicity, antibacterial properties, adhesion properties, unique structure, multidimensional properties and high performance. Physical and chemical methods are mostly used to produce nanoparticles. Although these methods may be successful and well-known, they are generally expensive, time-consuming, and dangerous to the environment and humans. Therefore, alternative methods such as microorganisms, fungi, plants, plant extracts and plant biomass should be used instead, which have less environmental hazards. Among the methods of synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles, green synthesis using plant extracts is more beneficial than other methods. Many plant biomolecules such as polyphenols, flavonoids, amino acids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, alcohols, vitamins and proteins can play a role in the formation and stabilization of nanoparticles. The aim of this study was to develop a green method using the extract of the aerial parts of the Russian knapweed to prepare and produce chitosan nanoparticles. Methods: In this study, chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized in a process by the extract of Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) which containing phenolic compounds. In order to preparation the materials needed for the experiment, the aerial parts of the Russian knapweed in the pre-flowering stage were collected from a land in Ardabil with severe contamination. The collected plant was transferred to the weed laboratory and dried at 60 °C for 72 h in the oven. The dried samples were powdered by a grinding (mill) machine. The aqueous extract was prepared by maceration method. 100, 150 and 200 grams of Russian knapweed powder in to erlenmeyer flask spilled and then added a certain amount of twice distilled water until the final volume reaches of 1000 ml. Then they were placed on the shaker at 25 °C for 24 hours. The obtained extracts were smoothed using Whatman filter paper. At the final stage, the extracts were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 15 minutes and supernatant were extracted as pure extract and were kept at 4 °C for testing. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using ionic gelation method. In the present study, commercial chitosan with medium molecular weight was used. At first, 3 g of chitosan was dissolved in 300 ml of distilled water and placed on a magnetic stirrer at 550 rpm to dissolve completely and evenly at room temperature (with one magnet). To adjust the pH =5, some acetic acid was added. Then a certain amount of Russian knapweed extract was added to it. In the next step, 0.5 g of sodium polyphosphate (TPP) in 50 ml of distilled water was completely dissolved and added drop by drop to the chitosan solution, that was stirring on a magnetic stirrer, and the stirring process continued for 60 minutes. This was repeated for all 3 concentrations of Russian knapweed extract separately. After the reaction time, the final solution was centrifuged for 5 min and after smoothing, the top solution of sediments deposited in the oven was dried for 24 h at 60 °C. Results: Basic techniques for investigation and determination of nanoparticle properties including: thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) tests. The samples obtained by these tests were analyzed. Infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the vibrational frequencies of chemical compounds. Thermal weight measurement analysis method, which is based on weight changes during sample heating, was performed to investigate the difference in thermal stability of the samples in the temperature range of 0-700°C. X-ray diffraction pattern of the samples was performed using Cu-Ka radiation. Surface morphology and particle distribution were also obtained using scanning electron microscopy with accelerator voltage k 15. In Spectrophotometric analysis, the presence of a peak in the range of 700 nm indicates the biological synthesis of these nanoparticles with extract of Russian knapweed. FTIR spectroscopy showed the biomolecules present in the extract and involved in the synthesis, which confirms the process of green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles. In the FTIR spectrum obtained from chitosan nanoparticles with aqueous extract of Russian knapweed and pure extract of Russian knapweed, the presence of factor groups confirming the existence and presence of effective antioxidant compounds such as phenols and flavonoids in the plant extract is used. Based on this, the participation and involvement of phenolic compounds in the Russian knapweed in the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles is quite clearly observed and understood. The size and morphology of biologically synthesized nanoparticles were determined by scanning electron microscopy, and it was found that the shape of the nanoparticles produced is approximately spherical with an average size of about 33 to 76 nanometers. One of the main reasons for the difference in the shape and size of the synthesized nanoparticles is the different concentrations of the plant extract used. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis also showed the nanocrystals synthesized by the extract of Russian knapweed. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be said that the polyphenolic compounds in the Russian knapweed extract were acted reducing agents, and also as a complexing agent synthesize chitosan nanoparticles and make them sustainable. The process of ion reduction and synthesis of nanoparticles are done by primary and secondary metabolites such as antioxidants, flavonoids, flavonoids, isoflavones, anticyanidins, isothiocyanates, carotenoids and polyphenols present in the extract. According to the obtained results, plant extracts have a good compatibility with the environment, so that they can be used for rapid production of chitosan nanoparticles, which is a simple, green and efficient method for the synthesis of nanoparticles at room temperature. It is a reducing and inhibiting agent without the use of any chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Social networks are now being created as an admission to search, discuss and share information interactive and immediate with others. The purpose of this study was to model the role of emotional resilience and self-resilience in the tendency of addiction to social networks mediated by psychological well-being. The use of social networks has become a modern natural behavior, but the harmful forms of their use have also received much attention in the last two decades. Social networks have now emerged as a platform for searching, discussing and sharing information interactively and instantly with others. Their popularity, especially among young people, has led to a significant increase in research into the analysis of the consequences of their use. Has been in the psychosocial development of users. Social networks have provided various facilities for users, but their uncontrolled, uninformed and excessive use of them creates dangers for users in families. Social networks are a source of attention in personal, academic and professional work. In the context of academia, they can lead to academic procrastination and undermine students' academic performance. One of the psychological characteristics of students that is affected by the use of social networks is emotional resilience. Previous studies have shown that psychological characteristics such as resilience may predict cell phone addiction and social networking. Resilience, as a complex, dynamic and multidimensional phenomenon, can be thought of as a process, capacity or consequence of positive adaptation and continuous professional commitment and growth in the face of challenging conditions. Emotional resilience should be considered as a person's ability to cope with adversity and overcome failure. Emotional resilience requires a high degree of self-awareness, strong self-regulation, and a host of other characteristics. Factors such as stress, burnout, lack of social support and negative thinking are the enemies of emotional resilience. Another variable that can be associated with social media addiction is self-concealment. In the literature on psychology and counseling, selfconcealment is often defined as the tendency to intentionally conceal personal information that one finds disturbing or negative. Self-concealmentis a behavioral tendency in which individuals hide personal information about distress, embarrassment, and negativity from others. One of the most important structures that play a mediating variable in social network addiction is psychological well-being. Psychological well-being is one of the structures studied in positivist psychology. Today, a new perspective is being formed and expanded in healthrelated sciences in general and in psychology in particular, with the aim of focusing on health. It is drawn from individual life to social interactions. In general, according to the above research records, the dispersion and contradiction of research in the field of social media addiction and the lack of studies in Iran, highlights the need for further implementation and research in this field. In addition, the mobile phones of this technological tool, which are especially popular among the younger generation, have led to lifestyle changes, differentiation of social interaction styles, as well as preparing them to limit their lives in the technological world. This in itself highlights the need for such research. Therefore, the present study aim to model the role of emotional resilience and self-concealment in the tendency of addiction to social networks mediated by psychological well-being. Methods: The method of the present study is descriptive and correlational and the method of analysis is structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was all students studying at Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Since the PLS method is not sensitive to the sample size, the required sample size was determined using Barclayo et al.'s (1995) theory for the present study (32). However, in order to achieve more generalizable results and less statistical error in the sample size in the present study, considering the probability of sample loss, 200 people were considered. After removing the distorted data, 120 questionnaires were included in the statistical analysis. Sampling method used Sampling was also available. The questionnaires were designed online and its links were provided to the subjects on social networks (Telegram groups and channels, WhatsApp groups and Instagram pages) so that students who wished to participate in the research could answer the questions. Inclusion criteria were willingness to participate in research and being a student and exit criteria were unwillingness to participate in research. The data collected in this study were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as mean and standard deviation and structural equation modeling using SPSS.25 software and 3.smart pls software. Results: A total of 120 students with a mean age of 28.75 and a standard deviation of 8.71 participated in this study.The results showed that emotional resilience and self-deprecation had a direct and significant effect on social networking addiction, as well as the indirect effect of emotional resilience and self-deprecation with the mediation of psychological well-being (t > 1.96). Conclusion: The results of structural equations showed that emotional resilience has a direct and significant relationship with addiction to social networks. Explaining these results, it can be said that resilience can be generally defined as the ability to adapt to adverse situations in a positive way. Adolescents with lower resilience are more likely to become addicted to social media and in challenging situations instead the use of positive coping strategies tends to lead to negative behaviors such as social media addiction. The results of structural equations showed that self-concealment has a direct and significant relationship with addiction to social networks. Explaining these findings, it can be said that adolescents who have high self-conceit may become addicted to social networks to escape the negative feelings related to selfconcealment. The results of structural equations showed that psychological well-being has a direct and significant relationship with addiction to social networks. Explaining these findings, it can be said that according to the negative consequences of addiction to social networks, psychological well-being can prevent adolescents' addiction to social networks. Described over time.The results of structural equations showed that emotional resilience on social media addiction has an indirect and significant relationship with the mediation of psychological wellbeing. In explaining these findings, it can be said that, as stated earlier, resilience refers to the factors and processes that protect physical development and psychological well-being from the risk of engaging in problematic behaviors and psychological damage. The results of structural equations showed that self-denial on social media addiction is indirectly and significantly related to psychological well-being. Many people who have selfdeprecation turn to the Internet to manage and get rid of unwanted self-deprecating feelings such as stress, loneliness, depression and anxiety. They see the Internet as the easiest way out of these feelings, which is the starting point for Internet addiction. Emotional resilience and self-deprecation can show different functions of social networking in students. Therefore, examining the role of psychological well-being mediates provides more accurate information on the impact of these variables for various social network addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Osteosarcopenia, the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is an emerging geriatric giant, which poses a serious global health burden. Methods: The latest studies conducted in recent years in the field of pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcopenia were reviewed. Results: Getting old and being healthy is contingent on maintaining the integrity of several physiological systems such as the musculoskeletal system which is important for both human movement and storing calcium and glucose. As individuals get to their sixtieth, their muscle mass and bone minerals will decrease and the elderly will become susceptible to sarcopenia and osteoporosis. According to the World Health Organization, the definition of osteopenia and osteoporosis is a T score of less than -1 and -2.5 standard deviations, respectively. Sarcopenia is defined by cut-off amounts for low muscle mass, strength, and/or functional capability and is related to different metabolic conditions. Both diseases have common risk factors and are associated with falls, frailty, fractures, hospitalizations, and mortality as well as causing an increase in healthcare expenses. These disorders put a heavy burden on societies, especially the geriatric population to the extent that in 2010 there were 27.5 million people diagnosed with osteoporosis in the European Union. Osteosarcopenia is defined as low bone density and low muscle mass. As in individual ages, the prevalence of osteosarcopenia increases as well with 59.4 percent and 48.3 percent in men and women above 75 years old. It has been shown in a study of 590 post-menopausal women that the risk for osteoporosis will be 12.9 times higher in the presence of sarcopenia. A recent study of 3334 older individuals reported that individuals with sarcopenia (compared with no sarcopenia) had lower BMD when employing the 2019 European definition of sarcopenia. So there is a bidirectional relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia, which results in the development of osteosarcopenia. Major risk factors for this disorder are age and sex, however body mass index and physical activity are reversely related to osteosarcopenia and high fat mass will increase its risk. Glycine-N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) genes polymorphisms, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2C) are related to muscle atrophy and bone loss. Furthermore, genetic traits determine peak muscle and bone volume in early life which may be a mechanism for delaying sarcopenia and osteoporosis in old ages. In comparison with non-osteosarcopenic subjects, the risk of falls (ORs: 2.83-3.63; P < 0.05) and fractures (ORs: 3.86- 4.38; P < 0.05) is significantly higher in osteosarcopenic older individuals attending a falls and fractures clinic. The risk of o a minccurance of a minimaltrauma or no trauma fracture when the patient is sarcopenic was also reported to be much greater than in non sarcopenic older persons (relative risk 1.37, 95% CI 1.18-1.58). It has been suggested that clinicians should be alert to the fact that, recognition of one of these conditions makes the investigation for the other one necessary because of their co-occurance. A physical examination must be typical in the comprehensive geriatric investigation. But additional physical assessments are needed to diagnose sarcopenia. Physical assessments are considered to assess muscle strength (grip strength, sit to stand test) or functional capacity (gait speed, short physical performance battery, timed up and go test). The two most used and accurate assessments are gait speed grip power Osteosarcopenia cannot be screened and there is no efficient tool for predicting this condition, but there are tools for osteoporosis and sarcopenia such as SARC-F questionare which is highly specific and most accurate. Bone Marrow Densitometry through DXA is used for osteoporosis in individuals with age more than 50, post-menopausal women, adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis and adults who are on corticosteroid medications. FRAX© is the best tool for risk stratification of osteoporosis. Increased risk for falls and following fractures are identifiable by testing for 25 OH vitamin D, serum calcium, parathyroid hormone and serum testosterone. BMD and muscle mass assessment are the essentials of osteosarcopenia workup. DXA is the greatest tool to assess BMD accurately, and has the benefits of estimating the lean body mass and appendicular lean mass in an accurate manner. Bioelectrical impedance analysis which assesses the fat-free mass, peripheral quantitative computerized tomography, muscle cross-sectional area and intramuscular adipose tissues and magnetic resonance imaging. A new technique named as the D3-creatine dilution method has been found to have strong associations with falls, fractures and risk of mortality in old men. This technique needs further assessment to be considered a typical clinical tool. Resistance training exercises which stimulate muscle protein synthesis and the activity of osteoblasts will improve the activity of older individuals with osteosarcopenia. In addition, this kind of exercise will also improve the cardiometabolic and cognitive health in different populations. This kind of exercise is recommended for preventing osteosarcopenia. As the ability of muscles to absorb dietary amino acids will decline with age, supplementation with dietary proteins in addition to resistance exercises is proposed as an ideal therapy for maintaining the optimal musculoskeletal function in older adults. Whey protein which is rich in Leucine and stimulates mTORC1 in skeletal muscles is the best way to increase muscle protein synthesis on condition that the individual has optimal vitamin D levels. The most prevalent micronutrient in bone structure is calcium and its kinetic is remarkable in muscle contractility force. It has been offered that 1000-1300 mg/day of calcium should be administered in populations with insufficient diets. Creatine is also believed to boost the exercise induced increase in muscle mass and also it causes an increase in bone density. Peripheral DXA, quantitative computerized tomography and radiographic absorptiometry are alternative techniques to DXA that estimate BMD include. Most older adults who experience a low-trauma fracture have BMD in the normal or osteopenic range. BMD assessment techniques are highly sensitive but not so specific for prediction of fracture. Although there is no FDA approved drug for sarcopenia, there are numerous drugs for osteoporosis including antiresorptive (denosumab, bisphosphonates), anabolic (teriparatide, abaloparatide), antisclerostin (romosozumab), and hormonal (hormone replacement therapy, selective oestrogen receptor modulators) agents. Adults with T score of -2.5 or less on DXA, or a FRAX© 10-year fracture risk of ≥3% at the hip or ≥20% for any other osteoporotic fracture will mostly benefit from antiresorptive or anabolic treatment. Denosumab which is a RANK ligand inhibitor has promising effects on bone and muscle and those who consume this drug experience significant increase in lean body mass and handgrip strength; however bisphosphonates have no such effects. Osteosarcopenia requires ongoing monitoring and assessment of falls and fracture risk, quality of life impact, and response to treatment. Conclusion: Osteosarcopenia is a hot topic in geriatric research. Lifestyle, genetic, mechanical factors and endocrine factors are altogether effective in occurrence of osteosarcopenia. Resistance training exercise and nutritional supplementation is a way to hinder osteosarcopenia. There is a definite need for further clinical trials for investigating pharmacologic interventions for this condition and providing new diagnostic methods, screening tools and therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a functional, metabolic, and morphological deterioration of the myocardium caused by changes in glucose homeostasis caused by diabetes. miRs play a significant role in the occurrence of DCM. Reducing the overexpression of miR373 gene has a potential role in the appearance of this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to compare the effect of six weeks of aerobic and resistance training on the expression of miR373 gene in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy and male Wistar rats. Methods: This research had a developmental goal, from the point of view of the experimental method and from the point of view of the laboratory execution method, with a post-test design. 36 healthy male Wistar rats with an average weight of 200 ± 20 grams and an age of 8 weeks were purchased from Pasteur Institute in Tehran. To induce diabetes, 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally in a single dose to 27 rats. To confirm the validity of diabetes induction, glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl or hema index ≥ 3.5 were considered. According to research, diabetic cardiomyopathy occurs two months after the induction of diabetes. To confirm the occurrence of diabetic cardiomyopathy in the form of a pilot project, 3 heads of healthy rats (before the start of the research) and 3 heads of diabetic rats (after two months of becoming diabetic) were dissected and samples of myocardial tissue were taken. Rats with cardiomyopathy were randomly classified into four groups of 6 vertices (control, sham exercise, resistance exercise and aerobic exercise). A healthy group of 6 vertices was also considered for comparison with other groups. After two weeks of familiarization with the environment and learning to exercise, aerobic (running on a treadmill) and resistance (walking on an ascending ladder) training protocols were implemented for six weeks. 48 hours after the last training session (along with 12 hours of fasting), all rats were anesthetized using ketamine and xylazine and dissected and sampled from the left ventricular tissue. Real Time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of miR373 genes. For the statistical analysis of the data, ANOVA and T-correlated tests were used at the significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Results: Both exercise protocols led to a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBS) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR%). VO2peak (P: 0.1) of the aerobic group and 1RM (P: 0.73) of the resistance group increased significantly. The miR-373 gene expression level decreased in the control and sham diabetic groups compared to the healthy group, but increased in both exercise groups. But this increase was not significant (P > 0.05). It was also shown that resistance training had more significant changes on FBS and HOMA-IR indices compared to aerobic training (P = 0.001). Finally, aerobic and resistance training led to a significant increase in Vpeak (T = -4.9, P = 0.004) and 1RM (T = -7.68, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Aerobic and resistance training improved the aerobic capacity and strength of the training groups, respectively. In addition, both exercises led to the improvement of diabetic complications (increased the expression level of miR-373), but aerobic exercise caused a better improvement of diabetic cardiomyopathy complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world (1). Diabetes and hyperglycemia caused by diabetes lead to disorders in various organs such as lungs, heart, muscles, kidneys, etc. (9, 10). One of the main complications of diabetes is diabetic cardiomyopathy; Diabetic cardiomyopathy is the result of diabetes-induced changes in the structure and function of the heart. Diabetic cardiomyopathy occurs as a result of impaired glucose and lipid metabolism associated with diabetes, which leads to increased oxidative stress and activation of multiple inflammatory pathways that mediate cellular and extracellular damage, pathological remodeling of the heart, and diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Preclinical studies in animal models of diabetes have identified several intracellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential cardioprotective strategies for disease prevention and treatment, including anti-fibrotic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and antioxidants (11). Cellular energy homeostasis is a fundamental process that governs the overall health of the cell and is critical for cell survival. Central to this is the control of ATP production and utilization, which is regulated by a myriad of enzymatic reactions controlling cellular metabolism (12). Adenosine monophosphateactivated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor with aberrant expression in various diseases, including diabetes (12). There is considerable evidence that AMPK is reduced in cardiac tissues of animals and humans with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome compared with non-diabetic controls, and that AMPK stimulation (physiological or pharmacological) can ameliorate diabetesrelated cardiovascular complications (14). Considering the role of AMPK in energy metabolism in the heart, as well as the effects of diabetes and exercise on the gene and protein expression of this energy sensor, measuring the changes of this gene can improve our knowledge about the effect of different adaptations caused by different exercises, as well as the effect of lack of exercise. With the aim of investigating the effect of maintaining these adaptations after training (22, 23). However, so far, no research has been done that specifically compares the effect of two common training methods, continuous and intermittent training, followed by no training on cardiac AMPK gene expression in diabetic rats, which shows the necessity of the current research. According to the mentioned information, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of a detraining period followed by aerobic and HIIT exercises on cardiac AMPK gene expression in alloxan-treated diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental research, 48 male Wistar rats (age: 10-weeks; weigh: 220±20 grams) were randomly divided into six groups (n=8). One group was considered as a healthy control and the rest of the rats were made diabetic using a single dose of 90 mg/kg of alloxan. One group was considered as diabetic control; and the rats were divided into two groups of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate aerobic training (MICT). After 12 weeks of training, half of the rats in each group were sacrificed; and the rats were sacrificed after 2 weeks of no training. MICT program was performed for 5 sessions per week with a gradual increase in speed (18-26 m/min) and time (10-55 minutes). HIIT program also included 5 30-minute sessions per week in the form of running on a treadmill with one-minute repetitions and 2-minute active rest between each interval. For statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used and the significance level (P ≤ 0.05) was considered. Results: The results showed that the induction of diabetes decreased the cardiac AMPK gene expression compared to the healthy control group (P < 0.001), also the results showed that after 12 weeks of training, there was a significant increase in the cardiac AMPK gene expression in the training groups compared to the control group. Diabetes control was observed (P < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between the two exercise groups (P > 0.05). Also, the results showed that after 2 weeks of non-training, there was a slight decrease in cardiac AMPK gene expression compared to the training groups, and these changes were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclution: The results of the present study showed that induction of diabetes with alloxan decreased cardiac AMPK gene expression, which was related to hyperglycemia caused by induction of diabetes with alloxan injection. Previous research has also shown that a single dose of alloxan injection with 90 mg/kg body weight of rats induces diabetes (24-26). According to the findings of the present study, 12 weeks of continuous aerobic exercise and HIIT both significantly increased cardiac AMPK gene expression in diabetic rats, but no significant difference was observed between the two types of exercise. Based on the research conducted in animal models, exercise increases cardiac AMPK values, which are consistent with the results of the present study (30, 31). However, comparing the effects of continuous and HIIT exercises, the results of these two studies were different from our findings; In their research comparing the effect of moderate intensity continuous training and HIIT training on AMPK of skeletal and cardiac muscle, Wen et al. reported that the effects of HIIT training on increasing oxidative capacity and AMPK are more obvious (30); The results of Su et al.'s research showed better effects of continuous training on AMPK and PGC-1α gene expression in the HIIT group than continuous aerobic training (30). As shown in various animal models and patient studies, physical exercise is known to be cardioprotective and can partially compensate for cardiac damage. At the cellular level, exercise counteracts heart disease-related changes in these cellular pathways and can improve heart function (32). AMPK activation leads to the regulation of metabolism, protein transport, transcription factors and/or activators, kinases, and other enzymes and non-enzymatic proteins. AMPK increases substrate uptake and utilization in the heart, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, and modulates the activity of specific proteins and transcription factors to exert cardioprotective functions (33). Therefore, exercise training can moderate the effects of diabetes on the heart by increasing cardiac AMPK. AMPK also plays an important role in reducing oxidative stress, regulating autophagy and anti-apoptosis of cardiomyocytes (29, 34). Exercise activates signaling molecules and transcriptional networks to promote physiological adaptations such as mitochondrial biogenesis (35). It has been reported that after swimming exercises in rats, the levels of activated AMPK showed a decrease in cardiac fibrosis due to the inhibition of NADPH oxidase (36). This finding has been confirmed as decreased AMPK activity by beta-adrenergic activation exacerbates cardiac fibrosis (37). These changes are important because exercise activates AMPK and thus may be able to inhibit pathological hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis (38). Other findings of our research showed that 2 weeks of detraining after exercise decreased AMPK in both exercise groups, but this decrease was not statistically significant. In line with the findings of the current research, Cao et al also reported in their research that after the training period, a significant increase in AMPK level was observed, but after stopping training for 10 days, the AMPK level started to decrease, but the changes were not significant 40). Based on the results, it can be said that any two methods of continuous aerobic exercise and HIIT increase the expression of the AMPK gene; Also, after two weeks ofdetraining, cardiac AMPK gene expression is still high in diabetic rats. However, more research is needed to investigate the longer-term effects of non-exercise on AMPK gene expression and mechanisms related to non-exercise on diabetic cardiomyopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Today, human resources are considered the most important capital of organizations, and it is clear that people are the main factor in the survival of organizations in the field of competition With the complexity of the environment and the creation of diversity of different cultures and occupations, the role of human resources has gradually changed. Dynamic organizations to operate in this competitive world, in an effort to create opportunities for today's organizations, need creative, flexible and responsive forces and on the other hand, they are attracted to these talents, and organizations that cannot manage their human resources according to today's norms will be doomed. Career developments facing organizations have caused the strategies and plans that have been determined in advance to not respond to the future needs of the workforce in these organizations; Based on this, during the past decades, there has always been the issue of how to successfully implement the human resources talent management system in public organizations. Considering that both talent management and innovation agents seek to achieve a common goal, which is growth, development and effectiveness. It is possible to assume the point of intersection between these two variables. And in the meantime, it is very important to examine the effective components from the psychological and cognitive aspect such as emotional intelligence. Also, considering that the municipal sports organization of Tehran city needs talented human resources and providing new products with an innovative approach and improving the current business environment in order to achieve optimal effectiveness and efficiency according to its mission, conducting such a research at this time of Time seems necessary. Methods: The statistical sample of the present study included all the managers and experts of the sports organization of Tehran city in the number of 272 people who were selected in a purposeful way. The participants of Phillips and Roper's (2009) standard talent management questionnaire including 38 questions and four components, the emotional intelligence questionnaire of Brackett et al. They completed the component voluntarily. The instrument had good validity and reliability. In the data analysis section, descriptive and inferential statistics were used, the method of structural equation testing was used to test the hypotheses of this research using Lisrel software version 8.8. Results: The results show that the model had sufficient fit (RMSEA = 0.08) and the indices of IFI, GFI and NFI indices are.49, .43 and.41, respectively, which indicate the appropriate fit of the model. A significant causal relationship was reported between talent management and emotional intelligence of managers, also the relationship between talent management and organizational innovation was significant, in addition, talent management showed a significant causal effect through the mediating variable of emotional intelligence on organizational innovation. Conclusion: Although a review of the research conducted in this field shows that innovation in organizations is a growing scientific branch, but the effectiveness of talent management and its value creation is still not properly understood in sports organizations. In addition, the number of studies related to emotional intelligence and talent management in sports organizations is very small and requires more research in this field. Since employees with higher emotional intelligence overcome problems better and have a better relationship with their colleagues. The social self-awareness of the employees has increased and can have a favorable effect on the performance of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: According to the learning approach, adaptation is a set of learned behaviors, and incompatibility occurs when a person has not learned the necessary skills to cope with daily life problems. At the same time, there is no perfect compatibility, but optimal compatibility probably occurs when there is a reasonable agreement between what a person thinks about himself and what others think about him. Therefore, it can be said that behavioral compatibility with new processes or new ways of doing work and tasks that result from using the Internet of Things in the organization is a fundamental issue in today's organizations (13). In other words, successfully dealing with new phenomena is called adaptation. Creating a logical connection between the new ways of doing things and tasks, which can be called processes modified by the Internet of Things, with the behavior of employees and how they deal with these processes is of great importance and is considered one of the important issues of the organization a problem caused by technological changes in the organization's environment (14). One of the companies providing services to people and citizens is the Electricity Distribution Company. In recent years, this company has been able to update many internal processes through the use of administrative automation, and subscribers do not need to visit in person to solve their problems or follow up on their requests. The use of the Internet of Things in the electricity distribution company is one of the new topics in the organization, which has improved the quality of providing services to subscribers both in terms of the speed of service delivery and the access of all people to services at any place and time (15). But the point that should be checked and evaluated is how the employees of this company deal with these changes. The behavioral adaptation of the employees of the electricity distribution company with the new way of providing services to the subscribers and also the changes made in the duties of the employees are among the issues that have arisen due to these changes. During the past few years, the managers of the Mazandaran and Golestan Regional Electric Company have made many changes within the company and also want to make extensive changes in the coming years, so it is important and necessary for the company managers to know that the employees are facing the changes that are going to be made. How will they react? The critical issue for company managers is to see these behavior patterns so that they can implement a system that fits these behavior patterns for employees to adapt to changes in their organization and deal with each behavior pattern accordingly. Therefore, if organizations want to survive, continue to live, improve, develop, and increase effectiveness, they must be sensitive to the different behaviors of employees and show appropriate reactions. Therefore, the current research seeks to answer the following central question: What is the pattern of adaptation of employees' behavior with an emphasis on the Internet of Things? Methods: In this research, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods has been done. The statistical population of the qualitative research includes organizational experts. These people included university professors (scientific experts) and senior managers, assistants, middle managers, and senior experts of the specialized mother company of Tavanir (practical experts) who had expertise (scientific experts) and sufficient experience (practical experts) in the field of research. Their opinions were used during Delphi and AHP hierarchical analysis. Criteria for selecting experts: People who have a master's degree or higher in the fields of human resource management or organizational behavior are included in this list. Also, have work experience in the management department of the electricity company (Tavanir specialized mother company) for 5 years or work experience for 10 years in the electricity company (Tavanir specialized mother company). Also, university professors in related fields as scientific experts are on this list. The time frame of data collection and implementation of the interview technique was carried out in the winter of 1400 and for one month. In the quantitative part of the questionnaire, the pairwise comparison of the dimensions and indicators of the model was provided to the statistical community, which included senior managers, assistant managers, middle managers, and senior experts in the field of human resources in the specialized mother company of Tavanir. To determine the sample in this section, the purposeful, non-probability sampling method was used until reaching theoretical saturation. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview (Delphi questionnaire) and a researcher-made quantitative questionnaire. Data analysis was done using the Delphi technique, structural equation method with the help of SMART PLS software, and AHP hierarchical analysis method. Results: The results show that the proposed model of employee behavior adaptation consists of 5 main dimensions, including attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, usage experience, cognitive processes, and behavioral motivation. In the hierarchical analysis section, the results show that the dimension of behavioral inspiration with a weight of 1.563 ranks first, and the dimension of mental norms with a weight of 0.602 ranks next in terms of importance in adapting the behavior of employees in the fourth industrial revolution with an emphasis on the Internet. Objects are located. Conclusion: In general, according to the results of the study, it can be said that the technology factor played an important role in the behavioral adaptation of the employees, therefore, the acceptance of technology and the behavioral adaptation of the employees with its, technological capabilities are needed in the field of improving the conditions of performing tasks for Describe the staff. The limitations of the research are those factors that create obstacles in the way of collecting information, analyzing, and obtaining desirable results. Limitations are inherent in any research. This research is not exempted from this principle and limitations include the problems of determining the index and converting qualitative categories into quantitative values such as attitude to behavior and the involvement of factors such as boredom, stress, lack of time and lack of sufficient knowledge of the respondents causing inaccuracy of people in Answering questions has had. Considering that behavioral motivation was recognized as the most important dimension of the behavioral adaptation model of the employees, it is suggested to improve the behavioral adaptation of the employees, to identify the expectations of the employees from the changes made, and to fulfill them or provide a logical justification for it. To accept the technology and adapt the behavior of the employees to it, it is suggested to explain the capabilities of the technology in the field of improving the working conditions for the employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: In December 2019, the corona virus in China's Wuhan city, the center of Hubei province, and spread very quickly and completely involved society members and government bodies in all countries. On the other hand, today, with the existence of a new interface called social media, most of the natural conversations and expressions of people with each other and in small and large groups are recorded, and therefore, with the help of data mining and text mining tools, it is possible to analyze big data. Very close to the real estimates of what is going on in the public mind. The use of these emerging methods of computational analysis can provide an objective picture of what is happening in society in front of the eyes of the managers, and in this way, increase the quality of the analysis of managers and decision-makers lead to better policies and planning, and so on. These models can provide a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of adopted policies and programs. But in general, it can be said that at a time when there is still no clear understanding of the help that intelligent data mining can have by using cognitive approaches, among society members and managers of the country, the existence of such research can fulfill this understanding, expectation a, and demand. It created among society and its managers that, in principle, perceptions, and decisions should be made using methods that rely on objective big data. From this point of view, the importance of the current research is doubled in terms of the impact it will have in clarifying and introducing such methods and its macro decision makers. It is obvious that the error in perception is caused by unconscious perceptual biases, generalizing parts of society to the whole society, not being up-to-date with the changes and developments of social beliefs and ruling based on what was perceived in the past, and many other perceptual errors of this kind., leads to decisions, criticisms, and, wrong behaviors that both lose resources and opportunities and waste the capital and public trust of the society finally, leads to decisions and policies that are not only ineffective but sometimes leave destructive and harmful effects on society and solve the crisis. Theoretically, this type of analysis is new in the space of media analysis, and the aspects that this research deals with the natural crisis of Corona are new and, of course, very practical. The combined use of artificial intelligence and cognitive science in analysis has a lot of room for growth and this research can encourage interdisciplinary research and theoretical activities in this field. From a practical point of view, the results of this research will be very useful and practical for all those who are involved in the field of macro policies, media people, also related business owners. The presentation of the results and achievements of this research can lead to the demands of the stakeholders, but during the time of the research and when its achievements were revealed, based on the request of the National Corona Headquarters and relevant decision-making institutions in the country, consultations were given based on the achievements. It was their request. Therefore, the key issue in the current research is to find a model to explain the dynamics of changing feelings and attitudes of Athenian society in the natural crisis of Corona. This research is conducted on Persian-speaking social media users and for Iranian society. Methods: Since in order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to carry out a lot of research and examine the problem from various dimensions, the method of Meta synthesis was chosen, and for this purpose, a call was made in the last months of 2018 and with the peak of the Corona wave. And is affected by various aspects of people's lives, was held at the headquarters of the development of cognitive sciences and technologies. For this purpose, more than 25 million Persian language posts from social media were collected, preprocessed, and then made available to interested teams between February 1, 1998, and June 11, 1999. Then, the results of these plans have been extracted in the form of 148 propositions. Results: The results of the analysis of propositions, during qualitative research, led to the identification of 11 main categories, which were placed in 6 different dimensions of a comprehensive model. In this way, various aspects of the cognitive approach of Iranian social media users in this natural crisis led us to a comprehensive model that we called "Samee". Conclusion: In general, it can be stated that this model specifies that the influencers are effective on the mentalities, emotions, and perceptual attitudes and behavior of users in cyberspace, and again, the behaviors of users in cyberspace are effective on their mentalities, emotions, and attitudes. It is impressive. When the data of this research was extracted and analyzed, it was related to the first months of the corona outbreak. Obviously, similar research will be needed to carry out this study until the end of the Corona era and even months after that and to examine the next events and the cognitive approaches of social network users. In addition, other types of crises occur in societies, which are not necessarily natural crises, but this method of analysis can be done on those crises as well, and its results can be examined and applied in society. Using the methods introduced in this research can provide very valuable achievements for the managers and policymakers of the country. The research that this research is based on, points to the limitations of any computational work in the social and cultural field. We will eat them. One of the very key tasks to pave the way for such analyzes is to conduct preliminary research, which will generally be either in the direction of creating the necessary infrastructure for computational social sciences or in the direction of the necessary infrastructure for linguistic analysis and natural language processing in Persian. Since the theories and algorithms used in natural language processing for the Persian language are generally derived from the same theories and algorithms of natural language processing, researchers that deal with natural language processing with a cognitive approach can be very innovative and solve many problems that in these fields, it should be resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Razi Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Iran University of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Razi Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Iran University of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Razi Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Iran University of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Razi Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Iran University of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background & Aims: Performing physical activity and having a healthy body is one of the most essential life needs of people with fatty liver. In recent years, studies have been performed on the relationship between fatty liver and arthrosclerosis. The results of these studies indicate the relationship between the Non-alcoholic fatty liver and arthrosclerosis of coronary artery disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with a sedentary lifestyle and poor eating habits around the world Fatty liver is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries and coronary artery stenosis can affect extracellular matrix factors such as CTGF and RXFP1, which play a role in the formation or non-formation of fibrosis. Studies have shown that fatty liver disease can be effective in causing atherosclerotic changes in arteries and increasing the thickness of the carotid artery as an indicator of atherosclerosis, which can be seen even in mild degrees of fatty liver. Relaxin in all parts of the body can have different expressions of RXFP1 receptor in different arteries, so in rats this receptor is strongly expressed in aortic endothelial cells and RXFP1 activates cAMP, cGMP and cAMP signaling pathways in ERK1 / 2 endothelial cells On the other hand CTGF is mainly synthesized by liver cells in the liver and is strongly induced in liver fibrosis CTGF is induced by fibroblast TGF-β cells and mediates the growth and secretion of extracellular matrix. These results indicate that CTGF is the mediator of many TGF-β-probiotic activities Therefore, the aim is to investigate the effect of this disease on two extracellular matrix genes of the heart. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, healthy and fatty liver steatosis. The control group was initially performed in the victim and tissue study And the two healthy and fatty liver groups spent two weeks in the same condition There was a healthy group from the beginning to the end of the study and they did not receive any intervention. Mice in the fatty liver group received oral tetracycline at a dose of 100 mg / kg at a dose of 1.5 ccs per mouse for two weeks. The average weight of the mice was 300 g, of which 100 mg / kg was used for 3 mice, of which 100 mg was dissolved in 4.5 cc and each rat was gavaged 1.5 cc. Fatty liver was modified by measuring liver enzymes (SGPT) and a number of biochemical variables. At the end of the second week, rats two groups were healthy and fatty liver48 hours after the last day (10 to 12 hours of fasting), the studied rats in each group were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of 10% ketamine at a dose of 50 mg/kg and 2% xylosin at a dose of 10 mg/kg. became were sacrificed and heart tissue sample were taken to test for RXFP1 and CTGF gene expression. In each group, tissue analysis was performed by Real Time PCR technique. First, primer design was performed and then total RNA was extracted from tissues and converted to cDNA. Then cDNA was Replicated by PCR and examined for the expression of the mentioned genes. Results: After the second week and examining expression level of RXFP1 and CTGF genes between control, healthy and fatty liver groups, ANOVA test results showed that the expression level ofRXFP1 and CTGF genes (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively) In the fatty liver group, significantly increased compared to the healthy and control groups Considering the value of P<0.05, the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the level of RXFP1 in different research groups was rejected with 95% confidence. The results between the steatosis group and the other two groups were significant in increasing the level of RXFP1 gene expression. Therefore, it can be said that in the presence of fatty liver, the expression of RXFP1 gene increases in the heart tissue of male rats in order to inhibit fibrosis. Also, in terms of significance, the results between the steatosis group and the other two groups were significant in increasing the level of CTGF gene expression. Therefore, it can be said that in the presence of fatty liver in the steatosis model, the CTGF gene expression increases in line with the increase in cardiac fibrosis. Overall, our results showed that with the onset of fatty liver disease, both connective tissue growth factors and relaxin increased in the heart, and an increase in connective tissue growth factor indicates cardiac tissue damage, which can lead to heart tissue fibrosis. Therefore, these findings can help new therapies aimed at modulating the effects of CTGF and the use of RXFP1 as a new direction for further clinical studies. Our other findings showed that with induction of fatty liver, the level of RXFP1 in heart tissue increased from the beginning and did not change until the end of the two weeks. The expression level of RXFP1 gene in steatosis fatty liver groups (BS, CS) was significantly higher than the other 2 groups on the other hand the increase in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in this study was probably to produce extracellular matrix and compensate for their degradation, and the increase in RXFP1 was to prevent collagen deposition in ECM connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in cardiac tissue increased sharply, such that its rate increased up to 7 times in the first two weeks compared to the control group, and this increase continued until the end of the two weeks, that increased 10 times However, this method should be considered with more caution because high expression of CTGF increases the level of fibronectin, collagen I and III proteins in the extracellular matrix, followed by myocardial infarction Conclusion: The fatty liver model of steatosis increases the expression of cardiac CTGF gene and fibrosis, and also increases the RXFP1 gene, which has anti-fibrosis activity. CTGF (CCN2) in response to tissue damage initiates signaling pathways of connective tissue regeneration Therefore, and cardiac tissue fibrosis. RXFP1, which is a component of the extracellular matrix and is most commonly expressed in aortic endothelial cells exerts most of its physiological effect on the cardiovascular system through NO (Nitric oxide). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Considering the changes in fertility in Iran and reaching below the replacement level, the study of infertility is of great importance. intentional childlessness refers to women who are of childbearing age but do not intend to have children. Women who are referred to as "voluntary" or "voluntary childless" women are confronted with women who do not currently have children but will experience childbearing in the future and are called "temporary childless." Those who want to have children but cannot have children due to fertility problems are called involuntary children (1). Childlessness at the end of the reproductive years, or in other words, the same percentage of childless women in the age groups of 40-44 or 49-45, is called permanent or lifelong childlessness (2). Social changes in the educational and occupational status of women are among the most important causes of voluntary and involuntary childlessness (3). In general, on the one hand, relatively few studies have been conducted on childlessness in Iran, and on the other hand, few studies have been conducted on a significant sample of the population. In addition, studies have emphasized individual characteristics while individuals are at higher social levels and are also influenced by macro-social conditions and structures. The present study seeks to use the micro-level data from the 2016 census to examine permanent childlessness among women aged 40 to 49 years and to cover the above study gap to some extent. For this purpose, two categories of variables will be considered in explaining childlessness. Individual characteristics and variables that indicate the health, demographic, and economic status of the provinces of the country. Methods: In the present study, a quantitative approach, a secondary data analysis method, and a multi-level analysis technique have been used. The main difference between this article and other previous articles is the use of two-level analysis method. With this method, the effect of individual and macro variables can be examined simultaneously. The statistical population includes all Iranian women aged 40 to 49 years, and the sample includes 85,799 of the mentioned women, which is available in the raw data of 2% of the 2016 census. To study permanent childlessness, it has been suggested that women aged 45 to 49 years or even 40 to 44 years should be considered. The 49-year-old childless person is considered a permanent childless person. In the present study, the first level units, i.e., the people within the second level units or provinces, are nested. The above model shows how the variables at one level affect other levels. Childlessness (code 0- having a child, code 1-childless) is a dependent variable that is made using the variable of the total number of live children born to women. Women between the ages of 40 and 49 who had no live children were defined as childless, and women with at least one live child were defined as having children. Age, place of residence, educational status, and employment status are the first level independent variables. General marriage rate (per thousand), general divorce rate (per thousand), urbanization as macro-population variables, total economic participation rate of 15 years and older, total unemployment rate of 15 years and above, Gini coefficient in urban areas and total inflation rate as macroeconomic variables and finally the ratio of the number of active hospitals to the population (number to one hundred thousand people), the ratio of the number of beds in hospital wards to the population (number to ten thousand people), the penetration rate of health insurance (percentage) And social insurance penetration rate (percentage) are considered as major health variables. Results: The findings of this study showed that the childlessness rate in the provinces of the country fluctuates between 3 and about 6%. North Khorasan province has the lowest proportion of childless women, while Bushehr province has the highest proportion of childless women. This ratio shows that childlessness in Iran is not yet at a worrying level, but nevertheless, finding a way to reduce these ratios and preventing their increase can prevent a sharp decline in the current level of fertility in the future. Statistical tests show that the probability of childlessness increases with age. The effect of age on childlessness has been confirmed in some previous studies (10). Rural women are less likely to have childlessness than urban women. Unemployed women are also less likely to have permanent childlessness than employed women. Women with a high school diploma and a university degree are less likely to have childlessness than women with a university degree. The effect of residence, employment status, and education on childlessness has also been shown in other studies (3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). The research findings also showed that with the increase in the general rate of marriage, the probability of permanent childlessness for women in the provinces decreases. Increasing urbanization significantly reduces the possibility of permanent childlessness for women in the provinces. Increasing the economic participation rate of the population of the province significantly reduces the probability of permanent childlessness, and in contrast to increasing the unemployment rate of the population of the province, significantly increases the probability of permanent childlessness of women in those provinces. Considering the significant relationships that were mentioned in the findings section, it can be concluded that macro-demographic and economic variables are more important in predicting the likelihood of permanent childlessness in women. Health variables had no statistically significant effect on the status of permanent childlessness of women living in those provinces. This does not mean that this group of variables is not important, but it can be due to the fact that the health status of the provinces has a high degree of convergence and relative similarity, and therefore they have not had a significant impact. Conclusion: Improving the economic situation, reducing the unemployment rate, providing a ground for marriage and trying to reduce the divorce rate can reduce permanent childlessness. Reducing the unemployment rate means improving the welfare and economic status of families; providing a ground for marriage means people entering into relationships that could potentially lead to childbearing; and reducing divorce rates means increasing the chances of having children among the population. Therefore, in general and as for policy proposals based on the results of the present study, it can be said that job creation at the macro level, which can reduce both unemployment and relative well-being for families, efforts to provide the basic requirements of marriage and prevent the increase in the age of marriage by providing suitable housing and facilities to solve this problem in society, as well as planning to strengthen family and marital ties and reduce the divorce rate, such as holding counseling classes for couples on the verge of divorce, can prevent an increase in the proportion of permanent childlessness in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]