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“It was my original design to follow up that work with a description of the malignant diseases, but upon approaching the subject I found that much confusion had been created by the authors.” Sir Astley Cooper, 1845 Since Cooper's time (13) rapid progress has been made in the diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge of carcinoma with resultant curtailment of the disease. Ability to recognize and satisfactorily treat carcinoma of the breast, however, particularly in the male, has lagged considerably. The paucity of information regarding male breast carcinomas is a direct result of the rarity of this condition. In general, it is agreed that carcinoma of the breast manifests itself alike in the male and female (1, 4, 6, 7, 19, 49), although a few articles on the subject have cast some doubt on the correctness of this belief (12, 22, 25, 26, 39, 41, 50, 51). In an effort to bring more light on the subject of carcinoma of the male breast, a questionnaire pertaining to symptomatology, clinical aspects, therapy, and ...

OUR roentgenographic studies of the shoulder joint have convinced us that many lesions have been overlooked because of inadequate x-ray examination (1). In a former paper, we suggested that a routine x-ray examination of the shoulder should consist of an anteroposterior projection with the humerus in external rotation, preferably with a cephalocaudad angle of 15 degrees, and an anteroposterior projection with the humerus in marked internal rotation (2). It is impossible, however, to obtain any satisfactory information regarding the region of the bicipital groove from the above projections. Accordingly, we have devised a tangential projection for demonstrating that portion of the humeral head. This view is obtained by the following technic (see Fig. 1, A, B, C): 1. Patient supine. 2. Arm adducted and supinated. 3. Cassette on top of shoulder and at right angles to the longitudinal axis of humerus. 4. Tube slightly external to and below elbow. 5. Central ray tangential to bicipital groove. The exact angulat...

The diagnosis of herniation or protrusion of an intervertebral disk can readily be made in the majority of instances on the basis of the history and a careful examination (5, 13). Occasionally, when the clinical findings are inconclusive, additional diagnostic studies are indicated. For this purpose, myelography has been utilized extensively, inasmuch as it affords more precise information concerning the level and extent of the herniated disk (4). In addition, it aids in determining whether one or more disks are involved and in excluding intradural or extradural lesions. The accuracy of the procedure as reported by different observers varies between 75 and 92.3 per cent (4, 17, 28). The negative errors often seem to occur in those cases in which the surgeon also is in doubt (32). During the last decade, Lindblom, his associates, and others have stated that the diagnosis of herniation of an intervertebral disk can be made by a direct puncture of the disk with the injection of 35 per cent Diodrast (8, 10, 1...

Incentive for this study was the discovery within a short period of time of two shoulders, each of which presented a large defect or groove in the posterolateral aspect of the head of the humerus (Figs. 3 and 4). The defect was variously interpreted by different consultants as due to infection, metastasis, and post-traumatic osteoporosis. A survey of the standard textbooks on roent-gen diagnosis and on orthopedics was of no assistance in differential diagnosis. Accordingly, a detailed study of the literature was made and 119 cases of dislocated shoulder, examined roentgenographically at the San Francisco Hospital between the years 1930 and 1940, were reviewed. This led to a clarification of our original conceptions regarding the nature of this lesion, and identified it not as a late result of dislocation of the shoulder, but as a true fracture. Review of the Literature Inasmuch as shoulder dislocations are the most frequent of all dislocations of the body, this subject has been of medical interest since a...

Wilms' tumor, adenomyosarcoma, or embryonal mixed tumor of the kidney, is the most common renal neoplasm occurring in infancy and childhood. Some examples, however, have been reported in adults. The prognosis in a majority of cases is generally unfavorable, and the course of the disease is usually rapid. Symptomatology The familiar triad of symptoms for renal neoplasms—hematuria, pain, and a mass—is not found in all cases of Wilms' tumor. The usual finding in these cases is a rapidly growing mass. In 2 of the cases to be reported here, hematuria was the initial symptom pointing toward a disturbance in the urinary tract. Persistent pain was not reported in any of the cases; but in 2, vague abdominal pain associated with gastric disturbances was noted over a period of several months. These vague abdominal pains were generally associated with meals. The blood pressure was not elevated in any of the cases to be presented. Hypertension may occur, however, in some instances, as observed by Bradley and Pincoffs ...

A broad view is taken of the past, present, and future of the Radiological Society of North America. The Society's concerns are enumerated: concern with cooperation between radiologists and technologists and between radiologists and those in other branches of medicine and allied sciences; concern in providing leadership in the field of radiation measurements and protection; in support of research; in scientific education of radiologists. At the Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting every year, the educational experience is four-pronged with its refresher courses, lectures, scientific exhibits, and technical exhibits.

The Radiological Society of North America, Inc., will hold its Fifty-eighth Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting at the Palmer House in Chicago, Ill., from Sunday, Nov. 26, 1972, to Friday, Dec. 1, 1972. All members received blue hotel reservation forms in the Jan. 31, 1972, mailing from the Secretary, Dr. Hillier L. Baker, Jr. Those planning to attend the meeting are urged to make early reservations in the hotel of their choice. The entire Palmer House is reserved for the Society, whose members will receive preference if the blue forms are mailed early. All reservations are made through the Palmer House. Additional rooms at the Pick-Congress will be assigned when all space is filled in the Palmer House. Milton Elkin, M.D., General Chairman of the Program Committee, and the Program Subcommittees have selected an interesting group of papers covering the entire field of radiology. The preliminary program will be printed in the October issue of Radiology. This year the Refresher Course Committee, under the...