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A growing number of children treated for malignant tumors has been cured thanks to progress in the field of pediatric oncology, and therefore long-term treatment sequelae have been more frequently observed. Fourteen of 65 pediatric patients with Wilms' tumor treated in Florence 1957 through 1978, developed lung metastases and six survived at least five years after treatment. Four of these long-term survivors are girls. This paper reports on the long-term sequelae observed in the breast of these four patients: three of them presented breast hypoplasia and one breast cancer. We discuss our personal experience and the relative literature, describing the relationship between given dose and the incidence of breast hypoplasia. Some hypotheses on the etiology of secondary cancer are also discussed.