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Azilsartan (AZ) was labeled with 131I using Chloramine-T as oxidizing agent. Factors affecting the labeling efficiency were systematically studied, and optimum conditions were found: oxidizing agent amount 100 μg, substrate amount 100 μg, pH 6, reaction time 30 min, and ambient temperature. Biodistribution studies showed that [131I]iodoAZ is concentrated in heart at 5 min post-injection to give high uptake of 29.0 ± 0.6% injected dose/g organ. Thus, iodoAZ shows promise as a radiotracer for heart imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, was labeled with I to give I-rabeprazole in 98% yield. The optimum conditions were as follows: pH 8, 100 μg of chloramine-T, 30 min, and 0.2 mg of rabeprazole. The labeled compound was stable for 24 h. Biodistribution of I-rabeprazole in mice after intravenous injection was studied, and its high uptake in stomach ulcer, reaching approximately 38% ID/g at 1 h post injection, was demonstrated. This concentration of the labeled compound in stomach ulcer is sufficient for ulcer imaging. The advantages of the method are simple labeling procedure, high labeling yield, and high sensitivity of ulcer imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sorption of CHI and I from a water vapor-gas medium onto various grades of activated carbon was studied. All the sorbents tested exhibit high ability to take up I. The I uptake exceeds 99.95% at 60°C and contact time of the gas phase with the sorbent τ = 0.5-0.7 s. The ability of the sorbents based on activated carbon to take up CHI strongly depends on the sorbent particle size. High ability to take up CHI from a water vapor-air flow is preserved only for cylindrical particles 1.0 mm in diameter and 1.0-2.0 mm long. Activated anthracite, like activated carbon with cylindrical particles 3.5 mm in diameter and 3.0-9.0 mm long, exhibits low performance in CHI uptake. The degree of localization of CHI does not exceed 40% at 60°C and τ = 0.5-0.7 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal decomposition of a volatile organic compound of radioactive iodine, CHI, in a gas flow in the presence of various modifications of granulated materials based on KSKG silica gel impregnated with nanometric particles of Ni compounds was studied. The degree of CHI decomposition as high as 97-99% is reached at 450 ± 20°C in the presence of granules of KSKG-based composite containing 8 wt % Ni in the form of NiO. The degree of CHI decomposition depends on the contact time of the gas phase and composite, temperature of the composite, and amount of CHI introduced into the gas flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorption of CHI from a water vapor-air medium onto Fizkhimin inorganic sorbents containing Ag and nonferrous metals (Cu, Ni, Zn) was studied. Ag-free Fizkhimin inorganic sorbents exhibit poor ability to take up CHI. No more than 51% of the initial 10-mg portion of CHI is taken up by the sorbents heated to 350°C. The sorbents containing 1.4-2 wt % Ag and 5.6-8 wt % nonferrous metal (Cu, Ni, Zn) show high ability to take up CHI (>99.8% uptake), with the performance of the Ni-containing sorbents remaining very high (>99.9%) with variation of various parameters of both the sorbents and the medium. The Cu- and Zn-containing analogs do not exhibit such properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of I and Cs from aqueous and aqueous-organic solutions with porous polyvinyl formal (PPVF) was studied. The degree of radionuclide removal from water with a PPVF sample is determined by the amount of water absorbed by the polymer and is not influenced by the concentration of salts in solution. Porous polyvinyl formal allows recovering Cs from aqueous-organic solutions with 70 to 99% efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of volatile Cs and I compounds from an air flow on various filtering elements was studied. I and CsOH are sorbed on basalt wool, but the degree of their recovery is low: ∼86 and 90-93%, respectively, at the basalt wool bed height of 15-18 cm. The use of a cascade of bubblers in combination with a column packed with basalt wool allows virtually complete (>99.9%) removal of I and Cs in the form of I, CsI, and CsOH from an air flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorption of CHI from the water vapor-air medium onto inorganic nanocomposite materials containing 1, 2, 4, and 8 wt % Ag in various chemical forms was studied. Despite high ability of the synthesized nanocomposite materials containing 1, 2, and 4 wt % Ag in various chemical forms to take up I (>99%), they cannot be used for localizing CHI from the gas flow. The material containing 8 wt % Ag, namely, the SiO-8% Ag nanocomposite prepared by treatment of the precursor with a 0.01 M hydroxylamine solution, is the most suitable for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of I and Cs in various chemical forms in the oil-water and oil-gas phase systems and the sorption of these radionuclides from radioactive transformer oil onto various inorganic and organic sorbents was studied. The degree of the Cs extraction depends neither on the time of contact of the oil with aqueous solutions nor on the CsI concentration in the solution. Under all the experimental conditions, the degree of extraction of Cs did not exceed 5%. The degree of I extraction from water by the oil depends on the chemical form of the radionuclide: I, IO, or I. The maximal extraction (∼70%) is observed for KIO, and the minimal (∼25%), for I. Granulated nanocomposites containing particles of carbon or NaX zeolite and Fizkhimin sorbents based on coarsely porous silica gel and containing Ag and Ni in 1: 4 ratio allow efficient removal of Cs and I from spent transformer oil of GK grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variation of the charge of radioaerosols formed by condensation of supersaturated CsI vapor, observed when the gas flow passes through an aqueous solution, was studied. The supersaturated CsI vapor was formed by evaporation of salt crystals from the metal surface heated to high temperatures owing to ohmic resistance. The radioactive aerosols preserve their charge even after bubbling through aqueous solutions, which allows using electric filters for localizing the aerosols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of radioaerosols formed by condensation of supersaturated CsI and/or CsOH vapor in an electrostatic field was studied. Supersaturated CsI and/or CsOH vapor was generated by evaporation of salt crystals from a metal surface heated to high temperatures owing to ohmic resistance. By applying additional potential to the aerosol generator, it is possible to control the behavior of CsI, CsOH, or CsI + CsOH aerosols in an electrostatic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of aerosols formed over boiling melts of substances (boiling temperature 500-1800 K) in a stream of a carrier gas at 300 K was studied. Microparticles of size from 0.2 to 10 μm, partially aggregated, were detected in the aerosol. In an applied electric field with an intensity of 150-1000 V cm, the particles migrated toward the negatively charged electrode at a velocity of 5-15 cm s. The velocity of their motion was a linear function of the field intensity and depended on the melt boiling temperature in accordance with the Arrhenius equation. Experimental data were interpreted on the basis of a concept that, in the course of the growth of each microparticle, vapor molecules adsorbed by it decompose into ions with nonequivalent transfer of cations and anions into the particle volume, i.e., the microparticles undergo growth charging at the activation energy of the cation release from the particle surface into vapor of approximately 0.5 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorption of I and Cs from a solution simulating NPP trap waters on various inorganic and organic sorbents was studied. The highest degree of I recovery (>99%) can be attained with Fizkhimin granulated sorbents based on coarsely porous silica gel containing Ag and Ni in 1: 4 ratio, with K for I exceeding 10 ml g at V/m = 10 ml g and contract time of the solid and liquid phases of 120 min. Elevation of the solution temperature to 40°C does not affect the degree of I and Cs recovery. The degree of Cs recovery in all the experiments did not exceed 35%. The degree of I recovery by coprecipitation with AgCl and Ag[Fe(CN)] was about ∼96% and only 65%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]