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The present study has the objective of describing from a qualitative perspective, the current situation of the microenterprises from Arandas, Jalisco, in the administrative, management and planning of resources scopes, with the intention of identifying improvement opportunities that will allow continuity and professionalization, in addition to exposing how continuous improvement with innovation enhances the perspective of the organization. Innovation starts from a problem-solving necessity, and individual knowledge and experience are required to solve it, if the controlled coexistence of continuous improvement and innovation, are included within the organizational culture, the road to competitiveness and, of course, the achievement of the objectives are guaranteed. The importance of the above characteristics in micro-enterprises lies in the number of establishments of this type, because they have given one of the best alternatives for economic independence; these companies represent a great opportunity, through which the economically disadvantaged groups have been able to initiate and consolidate on their own merits. However, due to the lack of planning, control, and decision-making, most of the continuity of information occurs in the different situations in which they live, such as the inability to identify the areas of opportunity for business innovation; that is, to have a defined improvement strategy, having a vision to identify the requirements of the economy and the market, be competitive; starting with the adequate, timely and continuous management of resources that allows the positioning and survival of the microenterprise in this changing and globalized world.

The aim of the study is to analyze microeconomic foundations with the relationship between inequality and income level, presenting groups and regions of Mexico in 2000-2010. For their properties of decomposition, we use the Jenkins methods, and Gini Exactly by Shapley. To research the database of the household income and expenditure surveys for Mexico were used. It was found that the South-Southeast region has greater inequality and lower per capita income. Is expected to reduce inequality in the regions by education groups, age and gender will improve social welfare.

Backyards for rural households represent a strategy that ensures the production of plant foods and animal come to enrich and supplement their diet. Unfortunately there is no evidence of the contribution made by the horticultural component of biodiversity of species in relation to food, income generation and exchange of vegetables, based on the above plan the need for research aimed was to analyze the subsystem comprising the backyards vegetable operated by the State Program for Food Security (SPFS State) establishing productive inputs, economic and social component that obtains horticultural peasant household (UDC), communities of Canoas- Atempan, Tezotepec-Mazatonal-Yaonáhuac Chignautla and the Northeastern Sierra Puebla state. In this northeastern region of 16 municipalities are located high deprivation and 8 highly marginalized state, population is of Náhuatl origin and it is common that women are responsible for the management and operation of the backyard based on their traditional knowledge and survival strategies. Fieldwork was conducted in the months of March to June 2011, with the participation of 37 rural women. Some of the findings are: Canoes and communities Mazatonal, 77% of horticultural production was assigned to food, 15% and 8% marketing to strengthen social relations within the community. In contrast, community of Tezotepec which earmarked 53% to the marketing, 46% to food and only 1% strengthening of social relations. There are also differences between communities in relation to the number of children, the diversity of vegetable grown, and the frequency of seeding and transplanting of vegetables contributing to the food security of the UDC.

The tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) is the world's second most important vegetable. In Mexico, the crop gains economic and social relevance by the generation of foreign exchange and jobs, the production systems of this vegetable have been diversified in order to increase performance, incorporating innovative technologies such as plastic covers, drop irrigation and hydroponics. One of the main factors determining the success of the crop is the substrate, being the medium in which roots were developed which have great influence on the growth and development. In thisstudy, we evaluated during the crop season 2008-2009, the effect of substrate: pine sawdust, compost of sheep manure, agricultural land and red volcanic rock, on growth and yield of tomato. The experimental design used was randomized complete block with four repetitions and ten treatments were evaluated results from a combination of substrates in a volume of 1:1, each experimental unit consisted of four plants, the studied variables were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the statistical package Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The genotype used was Sun 7705. Significant differences between substrates, composting with sawdust mixing affected to a greater response for the variables height 4.61 m, 2.1 cm thick of stem, the fruits of greater weight 107.8 g, yield per plant and 4 kg and 25 kg/m-2. However, the number of flowers and clusters was higher in the sawdust substrate, so the composting with sawdust mixture may be a viable option for greenhouse tomato production.

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Objective: to analyze income inequality with the contribution of remittances received directly and eliminating this contribution, to achieve this a comparison will be made with the Gini index. Methodology: the analysis was applied to households in the state of Sinaloa and the variable of interest was the income of the heads of household together with the remittance variable and without the remittance variable. Results: it is evident that the average income suffers an increase even when the percentage of the population receiving remittances is less than 7 percent. Limitation: for the analysis, variables were homogenized and created since the database during the study period reflected important changes in its structure. Originality: We report the empirical importance with theoretical support by showing the role of remittances for a state based on agricultural activities. Conclusions: Remittances have a greater impact on the reduction of inequality in rural areas, due to the migration of the rural community of the state studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ra Ximhai is the property of Universidad Autonoma Indigena de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)