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The index used in process capability is proposed as an optimization criterion in this article. This index can be viewed as an extension of mean squared error (MSE). Thus, the index allows practitioners to find an optimal setting with the mean responses close to their respective target values, Ti, while the standard deviations (or variance) of the responses are kept small. The index as an optimization criterion is applicable when upper specification limits, target values, and lower specification limits of mean responses are available. However, it also can be applied to mean responses with only target values and lower specification limits (or upper specification limits) in specific situations. An example will be used to illustrate this proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]