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Public health surveillance systems are critical for detecting and responding to health threats. This review aims to analyze international literature on the performance of these systems in terms of core, support, and attributes of surveillance system. Systematic review. Following the preregistered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022366051), a systematic search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, CINHAL, CABI, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles evaluating Public Health Surveillance System performance from inception to July 21, 2023. Various study designs were included, and quality assessment was performed. Thematic analysis categorized findings into key surveillance system functions. Nine studies from different countries assessed core and supportive functions, as well as surveillance attributes. Performance varied among countries, with some excelling overall and others showing poor performance in specific areas. Many countries' surveillance systems had inadequate performance in key measures in terms of the core and supportive functions, as well as the attributes of the surveillance system. This review shows significant variations in the performance of public health surveillance systems across countries. Further research is needed to understand underperformance reasons and inform global policymaking for strengthening surveillance systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A thorough understanding of the processes involved in lifestyle interventions is needed in order to close the gap between research and daily practice. This study explored the processes involved in the provision of a lifestyle intervention to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by health care professionals in primary care. Study design: Mixed methods Methods: Health care professionals were asked to intensify lifestyle interventions for patients with T2DM in a routine care setting. Data were collected by serial interviews with health care professionals and patients, recorded consultations, an activity questionnaire and biomedical information. Qualitative data were analysed using a framework analysis with a phenomenological approach. Results: The lifestyle intervention developed by the health care professionals included motivational interviewing, a nutrition and physical activity diary, and a multidisciplinary approach [physiotherapist, dietician, general practitioner and diabetes practice nurse (DPN)]. Participants and health care professionals were positive about the intervention, and patients were more active (P = 0.027), lost weight (P = 0.031) and had lower levels of glycated haemoglobin (P = 0.012). However, qualitative data showed that patients were passive during the consultation, and did not ask questions about ways to improve their lifestyle. DPNs did not use motivational interviewing optimally; provided patients with information that was difficult to understand; and were easily satisfied with the efforts of the patients. Conclusions: Lifestyle intervention for patients with T2DM is difficult in routine primary care. DPNs should adapt to the knowledge level of the patients, and patients must be stimulated to take an active role in their treatment. Patients and health care professionals should become equal partners in determining mutually agreeable treatment plans and goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]