1. Internet-based self-help for trichotillomania: a randomized controlled study comparing decoupling and progressive muscle relaxation
- Author
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Michael Rufer, Aba Delsignore, Richard Klaghofer, Steffi Weidt, Alexa Kuenburg, Steffen Moritz, and Annette Beatrix Bruehl
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Autogenic training ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Health Behavior ,Psychological intervention ,Pilot Projects ,law.invention ,Trichotillomania ,Randomized controlled trial ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,Regression toward the mean ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,Autogenic Training ,Applied Psychology ,Progressive muscle relaxation ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Internet ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,General Medicine ,Cognitive behavioral therapy ,Self Care ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Treatment Outcome ,Cognitive therapy ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background: Trichotillomania (TTM) is characterized by recurrent hair-pulling that results in substantial hair loss. A previous pilot study demonstrated that the online self-help intervention ‘decoupling' (DC) might be effective at reducing hair-pulling symptoms, with a stronger effect than progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). We aimed to extend these findings using a more robust randomized clinical trial design, including diagnostic interviews by phone, a 6-month follow-up and e-mail support. Methods: One hundred five adults with TTM were recruited online and randomly allocated to either DC (n = 55) or PMR (n = 50). The intervention lasted 4 weeks, with severity of TTM assessed at 3 time points (before intervention, immediately after intervention and at the 6-month follow-up) using the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair-Pulling Scale (MGH-HPS). Both intention-to-treat and completer analyses were conducted. Results: Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated highly significant and comparable symptom reductions (MGH-HPS) in both the DC and PMR groups (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.31) that persisted through 6 months of follow-up. Participants' subjective appraisals favoured DC in some areas (e.g. greater satisfaction with DC than PMR). Completer analyses demonstrated the same pattern as the intention-to-treat analyses. Conclusions: Despite subjective appraisals in favour of DC, symptom reduction was comparable in the two groups. While the results suggest that even short Internet-based interventions like DC and PMR potentially help individuals with TTM, a partial effect of unspecific factors, like regression towards the mean, cannot be ruled out. Therefore, longitudinal studies with non-treated controls are warranted.
- Published
- 2015