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This article presents information on the research papers to be presented at the "22nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research" to be held at the Sheraton-Ritz Hotel in Minneapolis, Minnesota, from October 21 to October 24, 1982. The majority of the research reports will be given and discussed informally at three Science Fairs. In addition, research reports will be presented at two traditional paper sessions, and specific problem areas will be addressed by several participants in each of four Symposia. Some of the papers are as follows: Artistry and artifact in facial EMG/emotion Studies: Methodology, miscellany, and the multivariate Imperative; Topographical analysis of the Integrated EMG; and Methodological considerations in facial EMG recording.

The article presents abstracts of papers to be presented at the 33rd annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research. The meeting will be held in Rottach-Egem, Germany. The meeting will be from October 27-31, 1993. The majority of the research reports will be given and discussed informally at three poster sessions. The panel discussion will be on sensory memory and mismatch negativity. The mismatch negativity obtained with event-related potentials and magnetoencephalographic recordings, is dependent on a transient, acoustic memory that has been hypothesized to be what cognitive psychologists call sensory memory.

The article presents abstracts of papers to be presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research to be held in Washington, D.C. on October 2 to 6, 2002. These include "Is Well-Being Protective?: Links Between Eudaimonic and Hedonic Well-Being and Allostatic Load," "Effects of Mood Induction on Startle Modulation By Social Threat in Individuals With and Without a History of Depression" and "Neural Circuitry in Positive Emotion: Maternal Love and Well-Being."

Presents the abstracts of papers presented at the 40th annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological research slated in San Diego, California. Speakers; Symposia abstracts; Authors and topics.

This article presents abstracts of papers to be presented at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research to be held October 16-20, 1996 in Vancouver, British Columbia. A paper presented recently at a meeting of the American Lung Association reported that women who quit smoking and remained "smoke free" regained significant breathing capacity, supporting the clinical observations that some tobacco-related damage to lung tissue is reversible. There is growing body of literature identifying racism as a stressor eliciting acute changes in cardiovascular functioning in the laboratory.

The article presents information about abstracts for each presentation in the Symposia and for all the Paper and Poster Sessions which were presented at the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research. The meeting was held in Atlanta, Georgia, from October 5-9, 1994. The majority of research reports were given and discussed informally at three Poster Sessions. Specific topics were addressed in the 11 Symposia. There were several Paper Sessions with papers on topical themes drawn from the abstracts.

The article presents abstracts of research papers that will be presented at the 29th Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research scheduled to be held in New Orleans, Louisiana between October 18-22, 1989. The article reports on research paper which examines if there is a non-motor contingent negative variation of the brain. A research paper reveals that long-duration event-related potentials are associated with sustained mental operation. The article informs that there will be a symposium that will examine if there is a future for physiological detection of deception.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research held on October 16-19, 1986 at Le Center Sheraton in Montreal, Quebec. Account of papers submitted for the symposium on conceptual and methodological implications of sex in psychophysiology research; Highlights of the paper "Power spectral analysis quantification of respiratory sinus arrhythmia," by researcher J.E. Richard presented in this meeting; Overview of the paper "Emotion and autonomic specificity: Something Borrowed -- Something New," by researcher R.W. Levenson submitted under the "Historical Symposium on Emotion" category of this meeting.

This article presents abstracts of papers which will be presented at the twenty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research (SPR) to be held at the Marc Plaza Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from October 18-21, 1984. One of the central arguments of the paper on orienting response (OR) and information processing is that there are two frameworks within which questions concerning the relationship between the OR and information processing have been posed. The first involves questions about the role that the OR and its habituation might play when organisms attend, learn and memorize.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of The Society for Psychophysiological Research held in Cincinnati, Ohio on October 18-21, 1979. As in recent years, the majority of the research reports were given and discussed informally at two Science Fairs, on October 18 and 20. In addition, research reports were presented at two traditional paper sessions and others were included in the Display and Discussion poster session which ran in tandem with the meetings. Several symposia, invited addresses, and workshops were also included in this year's program.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research. The paper "P3 Latency As a Function of Encoding Speed," was presented by B.J. Anthony and L.E. Putnam. Interest in averaged evoked potential (AEP) arises from the assumption that it's form over time represents neurological events relating to the sequence of sensory information processing. P3, the late positive wave of the AEP, has been broadly implicated in later stages of processing because of it's insensitivity to physical parameters of the stimulus and susceptibility to influence from psychological variables such as attention.

This article presents abstracts of research papers presented at the 14th Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research. The paper on "Cardiac Components of the Defense in Infants," by W.K. Berg, found that the majority of studies of heart rate responses in alert infants report only deceleratory change, a component of the orienting response. The paper "Negative Slow Potentials Emitted by Participants in an EEG-Controlled Computer Game," by P.A. Brickett, found that CNV are produced prior to a required EEG response.

Presents abstracts of papers to be presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research held September 23-27, 1998. Psychotic disturbance and its impact on autonomic nervous sytem functioning in schizophrenia; Nicotine modulation of catecholaminergic-induced impairment of p50 auditory gating; Eye-fixation-related potentials in a long VDT task.

This article presents abstracts of papers to be presented at the 37th Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research to be held October 15-19, 1997. In informs that mismatch negativity is an event-related potential elicited by deviant sounds occurring in a sequence of repeating sounds. The phonological mismatch negativity is an event-related potential component that has been shown in several studies to be sensitive to the initial phoneme of a word that ends a spoken sentence incongruously or congruously but unexpectedly.

We used quantitative methodology to examine the first three decades of the journal Psychophysiology from a standpoint of historic interest. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 1,781 works published during this period, In total, 2,537 authors have published in the journal. The distribution of their productivity matches approximately what would be expected based on previous bibliometric investigations. A constant increase in the collaboration between researchers was evident (reaching an average of 2.56 authors per paper). The literature cited in these articles dates back between 4.53 and 8.12 years (M = 6.48 years). These bibliometric results show that this journal can he placed among the most experimentally oriented group within the field of psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents abstracts of papers to be presented at the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research held October 12-15, 1995 in Toronto, Ontario. Cardiovascular activation has traditionally been operationalized in terms of single registered variables, it has often been interpreted, however, in terms of underlying functional units or modes of control, such as alpha-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic, and cholinergic activation and their synergistic or antagonistic interactions.

The article presents abstracts of papers that will be presented at the Thirty First Annual Meeting of Society for Psychophysiological Research. The meeting will be held at The Palmar House in Chicago, Illinois from October 9-13, 1991. The majority of the research reports will be given and discussed informally at three Poster Sessions. In addition, specific topics will be addressed in seven symposia. These abstracts are being published and distributed to all members of the society and to all journal subscribers prior to the annual meeting.

The article presents abstracts of papers that will be presented at the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psycho physiological Research. The article "The Role of Quantified Smoke Delivery Systems (QSDS) in the Assessment of Smoking's Physiological and Subjective Effects by David G. Gilbert compares effects of QSDS smoking with normal smoking of one's own cigarette. In "Smooth Pursuit Eye Tracking Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Subcortical Implications," by R.T. Pivik, results from studies, which focus on possible subcortical contributions to tracking aberrations in schizophrenia will be presented.

Presents abstracts of papers that would be presented at the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological research in San Francisco, California in October 1988.

The article presents abstracts of papers which will be presented at the twenty-seventh annual meeting of the Society for Psychological Research. The symposium "Psychophysiology of Anxiety," presents contemporary European work on the psychophysiology of clinically significant anxiety. The symposium "Time-Dependent Bradycardia: What is the Nature of This Effect?," refers to the effect that the amount of lengthening of single cardiac cycle is related to where in that cycle or in the just preceding cycle certain brief sensorimotor events occur.

Presents abstracts of papers which will be presented at the 25th annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research in October 1985 in Houston, Texas. "Infants are not distractible during physiologically defined periods of sustained attention" by J.E. Richards; "Comparison of blink inhibition in infants, children, and young and old adults" by W.K. Berg et al.

The article presents information related to several abstracts of papers presented at the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research which was held at the Four Seasons Hotel in Vancouver, British Columbia on October 1980. Members of the Program Committee were Walton T. Roth who was the chairman, Michael G. H. Coles, Michael E. Dawson, Connie C. Duncan-Johnson, Judith M. Ford, and Theodore P. Zahn. As in recent years, the majority of the research reports were given and discussed informally.

The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the eighteenth annual meeting of The Society for Psychophysiological Research, which was held at The Concourse Hotel in downtown Madison, Wisconsin, from September 15-18, 1978. The Co-Chairmen of the program committee were Rafael Klorman and Ted Weerts. The bulk of the research reports were given and discussed informally at two science fairs held during the meeting. An abstract titled "Measuring HR variability: Two studies suggesting the successive difference mean square statistic and the IBI scale as the most appropriate analysis technique" was presented by researcher R.J. Heslegrave.

Features abstracts of the research reports given at the Science Fairs, and the Display and Discussion poster session of the 17th Annual Meeting of The Society for Psychophysiological Research held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 19-22, 1977. Members of the Program Committee; Dual track workshops; Day-time program; Topics covered by the discussions and paper presentations.

This article provides certain abstracts of papers presented at the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, which was held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Toronto, Ontario, in October 1975. Members of the Program Committee were J. Richards Jennings, James Avcrill, Anne Schell, Neil Schnciderman and Gary E. Schwartz. Symposia and mini-courses comprised most of the day-rime program. Research report accepted for presentation were given and discussed informally at two Science Fairs, one during October 17, 1975 and the other on October 19, 1975.

The 32nd annual meeting of Society for Psychophysiological Research will be held at Princess Resort, San Diego, California from October 14-18, 1992. Members of the program committee are Edwin W. Cook III, Bruce N. Cuthbert, Patricia J. Deldin, Diane L. Filion, Anthony W.K. Gaillard, Iris B. Goldstein, Steven Hackley, Kenneth Hugdahl, Ray Johnson, James D. Lane, John E. Richards, Brigitte Rockstroh, Walton T. Roth, Andrew J. Tomarken, and Peter Ullsperger. Invited speakers and the titles of their talks will be Floyd K. Bloom on neurotransmitters as integrative signals, Steven A. Hillyard on neural systems mediating selective attention, Joseph K. LeDoux on a psychophysiology of emotion in the brain and Richard K. Thompson on search of memory traces.

This article presents several abstracts which will be presented at the Twenty-Third Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, scheduled to be held at the Asilomar Conference Center, on the Monterey Peninsula, in Pacific Grove, California, September 25-28, 1983. Since these abstracts are being published and distributed to all members of the society prior to the annual meeting, they will not be otherwise reproduced and distributed to meeting registrants as in the past. However, additional copies of this issue of Psychophysiology will be available to meeting registrants for a minimal charge at the meeting at Asilomar.

Mentioned here are the abstracts of various articles related to psychopathology. The article "Inter-hemispheric Interaction Following Brain Bisection" focuses that sensory stimuli of all kinds lateralized to one hemisphere remain isolated to that half-brain and are unavailable for conscious processing in the opposite half-brain. The article "Biochemical Assessment of Sympathetic Nerve Activity," highlights that norcpinephrine is released at sympathetic neuroeffector junctions throughout the body, whereas epinephrine is released directly into the blood.

The article offers information on the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research to be held in Vancouver, British Columbia on October 24 to 29, 2006.

Provides information on the Forty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research which will be held in Lisbon, Portugal from September 21-24, 2005. Members of the Program Committee 2005; Activities included in the event; Topics to be discussed.

Described is a device for programming stimuli via detection of opaque marks on datagraph paper by a photocell. Ease of programming and circuit construction, low cost, and accuracy and precision of stimulus presentation are advantages of this apparatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents abstracts on psychophysiological research. "Language Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder," by M. Niznikiewicz; "Motivation and Emotion: The Psychophysiology of Affective Perception," by Peter Lang; "Processing of Emotional Expression in Individuals Who Are Depressed or Have a History Alcohol Abuse," by E. Frigerio et al; "Informational Impact of Mood States on Cardiovascular Response in Active Coping," by Guido H.E. Gendolla et al.

Hypovigilance represents a major contributor to accidents. In operational contexts, the burden of monitoring/managing vigilance often rests on operators. Recent advances in sensing technologies allow for the development of psychophysiology‐based (hypo)vigilance prediction models. Still, these models remain scarcely applied to operational situations and need better understanding. The current scoping review provides a state of knowledge regarding psychophysiological models of hypovigilance detection. Records evaluating vigilance measuring tools with gold standard comparisons and hypovigilance prediction performances were extracted from MEDLINE, PsychInfo, and Inspec. Exclusion criteria comprised aspects related to language, non‐empirical papers, and sleep studies. The Quality Assessment tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) and the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) were used for bias evaluation. Twenty‐one records were reviewed. They were mainly characterized by participant selection and analysis biases. Papers predominantly focused on driving and employed several common psychophysiological techniques. Yet, prediction methods and gold standards varied widely. Overall, we outline the main strategies used to assess hypovigilance, their principal limitations, and we discuss applications of these models. We conducted a scoping review on psychophysiological models of hypogivilant state. Studies reviewed relied either on diagnostic or machine learning approaches. Induction methods and levels of hypovigilance varied importantly between studies. Hypovigilance detection mainly relied on electrocardiography (ECG),photoplethysmography (PPG), electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), and eye tracking. Results can help to develop user‐tailored systems to mitigate hypovigilance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we provide guidance for the organization and implementation of EEG studies. This work was inspired by our experience conducting a large‐scale, multi‐site study, but many elements could be applied to any EEG project. Section 1 focuses on study activities that take place before data collection begins. Topics covered include: establishing and training study teams, considerations for task design and piloting, setting up equipment and software, development of formal protocol documents, and planning communication strategy with all study team members. Section 2 focuses on what to do once data collection has already begun. Topics covered include: (1) how to effectively monitor and maintain EEG data quality, (2) how to ensure consistent implementation of experimental protocols, and (3) how to develop rigorous preprocessing procedures that are feasible for use in a large‐scale study. Links to resources are also provided, including sample protocols, sample equipment and software tracking forms, sample code, and tutorial videos (to access resources, please visit: https://osf.io/wdrj3/). Large‐scale EEG studies are desirable given their statistical power and generalizability; however, their preparation and implementation are a non‐trivial challenge. In this paper, we provide recommendations for efficiently collecting high‐quality data from large numbers of participants (which are applicable to smaller studies as well). In Section 1, we focus on recommendations for before data collection has begun. In Section 2, we focus on recommendations for once the study is underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (oRST) proposes two systems of approach (BAS) and avoidance (BIS) motivation to underpin personality and behavior. The revised‐RST (rRST) model separates avoidance motivation into passive (BIS; anxiety) and active (FFFS; fear) systems. Prior research has attempted to map RST onto lateralized frontal asymmetry to provide a neurophysiological marker of RST. The main aim is to examine the relationships of the o/rRST scales with trait (baseline) and state (manipulated through experimental paradigms) frontal asymmetry. A systematic review was conducted, resulting in 158 studies designated to neuroimaging research. In total, 54 studies were included in this review using either frontal asymmetry or spectral power. The results were split into three main categories: resting frontal alpha asymmetry (N = 23), emotional induction and state‐related frontal alpha asymmetry (N = 20), and spectral analysis (N = 16). Findings indicated that BAS was associated with enhanced left frontal asymmetry at baseline and during state‐related paradigms. Findings for BIS were more inconsistent, especially at rest, suggesting that BIS, in particular, may require active engagement with the environment. Only 9 of the 54 papers included used the revised RST model, highlighting the need for more rRST research. In a systematic review of reinforcement sensitivity (RST) and frontal asymmetry, we observed an over‐reliance on the original RST model (BIS/BAS). This may contribute to inconsistent findings between BIS and resting frontal asymmetry, as the original RST conflates passive (anxiety) and active (fear) avoidance into one system. We argue for the shift towards the revised‐RST model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pupillometry has a rich history in the study of perception and cognition. One perennial challenge is that the magnitude of the task‐evoked pupil response diminishes over the course of an experiment, a phenomenon we refer to as a fatigue effect. Reducing fatigue effects may improve sensitivity to task effects and reduce the likelihood of confounds due to systematic physiological changes over time. In this paper, we investigated the degree to which fatigue effects could be ameliorated by experimenter intervention. In Experiment 1, we assigned participants to one of three groups—no breaks, kinetic breaks (playing with toys, but no social interaction), or chatting with a research assistant—and compared the pupil response across conditions. In Experiment 2, we additionally tested the effect of researcher observation. Only breaks including social interaction significantly reduced the fatigue of the pupil response across trials. However, in all conditions we found robust evidence for fatigue effects: that is, regardless of protocol, the task‐evoked pupil response was substantially diminished (at least 60%) over the duration of the experiment. We account for the variance of fatigue effects in our pupillometry data using multiple common statistical modeling approaches (e.g., linear mixed‐effects models of peak, mean, and baseline pupil diameters, as well as growth curve models of time‐course data). We conclude that pupil attenuation is a predictable phenomenon that should be accommodated in our experimental designs and statistical models. Pupillometry is used widely to investigate perception and cognition, but researchers typically do not account for systematic physiological changes over the course of an experiment. The present study advances current knowledge by examining potential interventions to prevent fatigue of the pupil response, and suggests solutions for modeling across‐experiment physiological changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we implement joint modeling of behavioral and single‐trial electroencephalography (EEG) data derived from a cued‐trials task‐switching paradigm to test the hypothesis that trial‐by‐trial adjustment of response criterion can be linked to changes in the event‐related potentials (ERPs) elicited during the cue‐target interval (CTI). Specifically, we assess whether ERP components associated with preparation to switch task and preparation of the relevant task are linked to a response criterion parameter derived from a simple diffusion decision model (DDM). Joint modeling frameworks characterize the brain‐behavior link by simultaneously modeling behavioral and neural data and implementing a linking function to bind these two submodels. We examined three joint models: The first characterized the core link between EEG and criterion, the second added a switch preparation input parameter and the third also added a task preparation input parameter. The criterion‐EEG link was strongest just before target onset. Inclusion of switch and task preparation parameters did not improve the performance of the criterion‐EEG link but was necessary to accurately model the ERP waveform morphology. While we successfully jointly modeled latent model parameters and EEG data from a task‐switching paradigm, these findings show that customized cognitive models are needed that are tailored to the multiple cognitive control processes underlying task‐switching performance. This is the first paper to implement joint modeling of behavioral measures and single‐trial electroencephalography (EEG) data derived from the cue‐target interval in a cued‐trials task‐switching paradigm. Model hyperparameters showed a strong link between response criterion and the pre‐target negativity amplitude. Additional parameters (switch preparation, task preparation) were necessary to model the cue‐locked ERP waveform morphology. This is consistent with multiple cognitive control processes underlying proactive control and points to the need for more nuanced models of task‐switching performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ground covered by psychophysiology throughout the decades prior to its constitution as an independent discipline has not been well documented, despite its historical interest. A bibliometric study of the research published in scientific journals by 66 of the most relevant psychophysiologists from 1930 to 1964, analyzing the contents of the records indexed in the PsycINFO database, gives us an image of the state of the emergent discipline during that period. This study reveals that this was a period of consolidation, marked by the refinement of instruments and procedures, the characterization of measurements, and the establishment of the basic relationships between physiological and psychological variables, the developmental and validation of basic constructs such as activation, or interest in the study of psychopathology. In these years the foundations of psychophysiology were laid, leading to the formalization of the discipline at the end of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aimed to synthesize the various triggers of the diving response and to perform a meta‐analysis assessing their effects on cardiac vagal activity. The protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42021231419; 01.07.2021). A systematic and meta‐analytic review of cardiac vagal activity was conducted, indexed with the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in the context of the diving response. The search on MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, ProQuest and PsycNet was finalized on November 6th, 2021. Studies with human participants were considered, measuring RMSSD pre‐ and during and/or post‐exposure to at least one trigger of the diving response. Seventeen papers (n = 311) met inclusion criteria. Triggers examined include face immersion or cooling, SCUBA diving, and total body immersion into water. Compared to resting conditions, a significant moderate to large positive effect was found for RMSSD during exposure (Hedges' g = 0.59, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.82, p <.001), but not post‐exposure (g = 0.11, 95% CI −0.14 to 0.36, p =.34). Among the considered moderators, total body immersion had a significantly larger effect than forehead cooling (QM = 23.46, df = 1, p <.001). No further differences were detected. Limitations were the small number of studies included, heterogenous triggers, few participants and low quality of evidence. Further research is needed to investigate the role of cardiac sympathetic activity and of the moderators. In the first meta‐analysis on this topic, the diving response has been found to be moderately to largely effective in increasing cardiac vagal activity during exposure. Face immersion and total body immersion caused stronger effects than forehead cooling and should be further investigated as potential interventions in psychotherapy and stress management in the work place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is considered to be a reliable marker of affective processing and psychopathology. Traditionally, the magnitude of alpha is calculated by taking the average over a nomothetic fixed frequency window (e.g., 8 to 13 Hz). Alternatively, methods have been proposed to extract individualized alpha frequency (IAF) peaks and windows in hopes of improving the reliability and validity of signal detection. However, no study has compared the nomothetic to IAF approaches to examine the reliability and validity of resting FAA in a large well‐characterized data set. In this study, we assessed the psychometric performance of the standard fixed window approach, a PZ‐alpha based IAF approach and a global‐alpha based IAF windows detection approach on a previously collected EEG data set (8 recordings per subject collected on four occasions across two weeks). Our results revealed that resting FAA calculated with these three different methods are highly correlated at all frontal regions (mean r =.98). The stability across the 8 recordings over the two weeks also showed no substantial difference between approaches as indicated by intraclass correlations. Moreover, internal‐consistency reliability, validity with respect to measures of emotion and emotion‐related psychopathology and state–trait Structure equation model (SEM) fitting were evaluated and yielded no significant differences across methods. Our results supported the overall reliability and validity of two different IAF approaches to assessing resting FAA but fail to find any incremental advantage over nomothetic approaches to defining alpha bands. Guidelines for methods selection for future research are provided. Frontal EEG asymmetry has been proposed as a marker of risk for psychopathology, especially depression. In the spirit of precision medicine, individualized alpha frequency (IAF) measures for frontal EEG asymmetry might have value for better identifying those at risk for MDD and understanding mechanisms by individually adjusting the alpha band to each individual's peak alpha frequency. This is the first paper to directly compare frontal EEG asymmetry as a marker of risk for MDD using the nomothetic approach versus two IAF approaches. In a large (N = 306) sample of depressed, formerly depressed, and never depressed individuals, we found that IAF is reliable, and as good as, but not better than, the standard method in differentiating individuals on the basis of a history of MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a widely used method for monitoring the load during training, as it provides insight into the subjective intensity of effort experienced during exercises. Considering the role of brain in monitoring and perception of the effort, several studies explored the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on RPE in different populations. The aim of current study is to review the studies that investigated the effect of tDCS on RPE in three groups including healthy untrained people, physically active persons, and athletes. Nine databases were searched for papers assessing the effect of tDCS on RPE. The data from the included studies were extracted and methodological quality was examined using the risk of bias 2 (ROB2) tool. Thirty‐three studies met the inclusion criteria. According to the meta‐analysis, active a‐tDCS significantly decreased the RPE compared to the sham stimulation. The a‐tDCS could decrease the RPE when it was applied over M1 or DLPF. Regarding the measurement tool, Borg's scale 6–20 and OMNI scale could show an improvement in RPE scale. A‐tDCS is a promising technique that can decrease the RPE. M1 and DLPFC are suggested as the target area of stimulation. From the tools that measure the RPE, Borg's RPE 6–20 and OMNI scale could better show the effect of a‐tDCS. This study demonstrates the impact of tDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation) on RPE (rating of perceived exertion) and addresses the effect of population, tDCS protocol, and measurement tools on the intervention. The most promising outcomes were the use of M1 (primary motor cortex) and DLPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) tDCS in athletics. In addition, Borg's scale 6–20 and OMNI (overall monitoring of the neuromuscular intensity) were the most effective measuring tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goals of this research were to analyze cardiac sympathetic recovery patterns and evaluate whether sympathetic cardiac responses to a task challenge can be predicted using residual cardiac activity measured directly after the task (that is, during the recovery period). In two studies (total N = 181), we measured cardiac sympathetic activity, quantified as pre‐ejection period and RB interval, during both task performance and the 2‐min recovery period following the task. Additional analyses examined effects on the RZ interval. We found that sympathetic recovery from a task was rather quick: Cardiovascular recovery occurred within the first 30 s of the recovery period. Nevertheless, residual cardiac activity during the recovery period had predictive power for task‐related cardiac activity. This suggests that sympathetic cardiac activity during recovery may serve as a useful indicator of task‐related cardiac sympathetic activity. We discuss the implications of these findings for practical applications and the design of future studies. There are multiple scenarios in which it is very difficult or even impossible to reliably assess sympathetic cardiac activity. This is because measures of heart contractility, such as the pre‐ejection period (PEP), RB, and RZ‐interval, are prone to signal distortion and artifacts. We found existing methods to deal with this problem insufficient and in the current paper we propose to focus on the post‐task activity as a proxy of cardiac sympathetic activity during task performance when recording impedance cardiography during a task is impossible. Furthermore, the current paper describes the patterns of cardiac sympathetic recovery for the PEP, RB, and RZ intervals, largely neglected in the recovery literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the abstracts of papers to be presented at the forty-third Annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research to be held in Chicago, Illinois from October 29 to November 2, 2003.

The Society for Psychophysiological Research and accompanying journal, Psychophysiology, have increasingly incorporated diversity and inclusion into their posted values, conference programming, and science. Much of this focus on equity, diversity, and inclusion work has occurred since 2010. The current review content analyzed the articles published in Psychophysiology from 2010 through 2020 to determine if SPR and Psychophysiology's commitment to diversity and inclusion has resulted in changes to reporting and analysis of participant demographics. Demographic reporting practices were compared to APA reporting standards and the use of demographic variables assessed according to the guidance proffered in the introduction to Psychophysiology's 2016 Special Issue on Diversity and Representation. Results of the content analysis indicated near perfect reporting of biological sex and frequent reporting of average age. Age range and educational attainment were reported in over half of studies, while race or ethnicity were reported in only 17%. Socioeconomic status, income, gender identity, and sexual orientation were almost never reported. In over 60% of studies at least one major demographic variable was reported, but was not used in preliminary, main, or supplementary analyses as a covariate, moderator, or otherwise. SPR and Psychophysiology should continue advocating for increased reporting of major demographic variables and ethical analysis of demographic modulation of various psychophysiological mechanisms. We provide a preliminary template of reporting standards and call for the inclusion of more open science practices by psychophysiologists. Content analyses can help a field understand the impact of its policies or stated values. This paper outlines the reporting and use of demographic variables in articles published in Psychophysiology to trace the impact of SPR's commitment to DEI. Results indicate continued efforts are needed to diversify samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of psychological theories propose that deception involves more cognitive control than truth‐telling. Over the last decades, event‐related potentials (ERPs) have been used to unravel this question, but the findings are mixed. To address this controversy, two meta‐analyses were conducted to quantify the results of existing studies reporting N2 or medial frontal negativity (MFN) associated with deception. In total, 32 papers consisting of 1091 participants were included, which yielded 32 effect sizes for N2 and 7 effect sizes for MFN. We found that deception was associated with a more negative N2 and MFN than truth‐telling with medium and large effect sizes (r =.25 and.51, respectively). We also found that the deception paradigm modulated the results (p =.043), but found no evidence for publication bias. Our findings indicate that deception involves more cognitive control than truth‐telling. Our review also identifies gaps in this literature, including a need for more ERP studies using spontaneous deception. The neural basis of deception has received considerable attention from the media, private companies, and scholars from widely different fields. One of the most debated questions is whether deception involves more cognitive control than truth‐telling. The present two meta‐analyses showed that deception is associated with more negative N200 and MFN than truth‐telling, indicating that deception involves more cognitive control than truth‐telling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this systematic review was to examine past literature focusing on the potential relationship between exercise (or physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF]) and functional brain connectivity in healthy adults. Among the studies meeting this purpose, we also evaluated studies investigating whether, and how, functional connectivity may influence the exercise–cognition relationship. A systematic review was employed through several electronic databases (PsychInfo, PubMed, and Google Scholar) in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The literature search identified 656 records, and a total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among these 12 studies, there were 4, 7, and 1 study, respectively, examining the relationship between exercise and frontal lobe connectivity, temporal lobe connectivity, and whole‐brain connectivity. Also, 7 studies examined the relationship between functional connectivity and cognitive performance across multiple brain regions as a function of exercise. Existing literature suggests that CRF, habitual physical activity, and varying intensities of acute exercise can strengthen functional connections among a wide variety of regions and subcortical structures of the human brain. These exercise‐induced functional connectivity changes within and between specific brain structures/networks supporting cognitive processing may improve various domains of cognitive function. Given these complex associations, a thorough understanding of how functional connectivity plays a mediating role in the exercise–cognition interaction is needed in future studies. This paper demonstrates the effect of exercise on cognition and how exercise‐induced changes in brain functional connectivity influence this effect. These findings have important implications on improving cognition and identifying mechanisms of the exercise‐cognition interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ERP experiments generate massive datasets, often containing thousands of values for each participant, even after averaging. The richness of these datasets can be very useful in testing sophisticated hypotheses, but this richness also creates many opportunities to obtain effects that are statistically significant but do not reflect true differences among groups or conditions (bogus effects). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how common and seemingly innocuous methods for quantifying and analyzing ERP effects can lead to very high rates of significant but bogus effects, with the likelihood of obtaining at least one such bogus effect exceeding 50% in many experiments. We focus on two specific problems: using the grand-averaged data to select the time windows and electrode sites for quantifying component amplitudes and latencies, and using one or more multifactor statistical analyses. Reanalyses of prior data and simulations of typical experimental designs are used to show how these problems can greatly increase the likelihood of significant but bogus results. Several strategies are described for avoiding these problems and for increasing the likelihood that significant effects actually reflect true differences among groups or conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furedy's (1989) characterization of the control system mode of analysis as a teleological form of explanation is based on a definition of purpose that is not used in my paper (Pavloski, 1989). He incorrectly describes reactivity as a controlled variable or condition, and incorrectly describes the control system error theory ns not being falsifiable while ignoring the specific testing procedures proposed. His characterization of my diagram of a control system (Figure 1 in Pavloski, 1989) misrepresents the description given in the body of the paper: it is a diagram of cause-effect relationships that when physically realized produce covariation of a reference signal and a controlled condition; it is not merely a restatement of observations (such us a stated relationship between motivation and performance). Finally, he misrepresents the attempts of theoreticians who attempt to explain emotion and motivation within the context of a mechanism that behaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]