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As part of a larger study of articulatory deviant children, 5 personality instruments were administered to 671 children in Grades 1 through 5 in 7 public schools. Complete descriptive statistics on grade by sex samples, analyses of variance for grade by sex by school effects, test-retest coefficients, and intercorrelations are presented. Comparison of the descriptive data and published norms suggests that investigators should give serious consideration to possible influences of stimulus modes, response modes, and examiner behaviors on children's self-report scores for these constructs. Inter- and intra-scale characteristics look promising for multivariate analyses of the role of these constructs as trait, moderator, or suppressor variables in predicting articulation improvement with or without speech therapy.

Srxmmary.-The present study provides descriptive and relational data on a large sample of children and adolescents referred to the Psychology Clinic School at UCLA for assessment 2nd treatment of learning disorders. 364 Ss ranged in age from 7 to 15.9 yr. an2 had IQs between 61 and 133. A wide range of reading achievement and emotional adjustment was represenred. Descriptive data, including psychological assessment data, family background, developmental history, and the referral problem, are presented for the group as a whole. The relational treatment of data utilized five subgroupings of Ss: intelligence, reading achievement, emotional adjusunent, age, and sex. The range of subject characteriscics as well as certain commonaliries is pointed up. The research literature contains a number of studies dealing with intelligence and other characteriscics of non-socially disadvantaged children experiencing serious learning difficulties. However, there is a dearth of background information on chis populaticn. The present investigators found only one study providing background data for such children. Tjossem, Hansen, and Ripley (1962) studied 24 childrer, manifesting serious reading difficulties and found that their medical histories were characterized by a high incidence of such conditions as atypical pregnancy and birth, speech difficulties, enuresis, and allergies. No attempt was made to relate background data to subject characteristics. The purpose of the present study was to present descriptive and relational data on a large population of children referred to a University clinic for the assessment and treatment of :earning disorders. Specifically the study provides information concerning: (a) intelligence, reading achievement, and emotional adjustment, (b) family background, health history, and developmental and behavior problems, and (c) relationships among these data. This study appears of value in delineating characteristics of the non-socially disadvantaged learningdisorder population, in serving as a basis for comparisons with other populations, and in understanding individual differences in learning disorders. Such data would also serve as a systematic basis for formulating and evaluating treatment programs.

Summary.-The examination of 16 descriptive characteristics as a means of separating the recidivists from nonrecidivists suggested: (1) age at commicrnent and age at parole appear significant in potential prediction of recidivism and (2) poor adjustment to general instirutional rules appears to have value in predicting recidivism. The incidence of recidivism among juvenile parolees released from correctional treatment facilities has consistently frustrated treatment ceams faced with planning and implementing rehabilitation of the juveniles. The examination of recidivism among both adult and juvenile offenders has been of recent origin. The majority of the studies published to dace provide only descriptive data and limited direction for the resolution of problems with recidivism. Descriptive characteristics of juveniles found in correctional institutions which appear to differentiate che recidivist from the nonrecidivisc are age, placement after parole, type of offense, behavior in the institution, length of stay in the institution, and the nurcber of previous offenses1 (Weeks & Ritchie, 1956; Felstrom, 1960; Gould & Beverly, 1963; Sappingcon 8: Zeglen, 1964; Townsend, 1964; Glaser & O'Leary, 1946). The use of discriminating descriptive characteristics to predict recidivism has been rare' (Berlin, 1958; Laulicht, 1962; Schwiczgebel, 1966). One recent study, however, attempted to use the descriptive characteristics as a means of separating the recidivist from the nonrecidivist. Litwack (1961) examined the descriptive characteristics which appeared to differentiate significantly between recidivists and nonrecidiviscs: height, mother's age at the time of juvenile's commitment, age arrived at training inscitucion, number of times in the discipline cottage, age at time of parole, and parolled to school or work. Litwack and Hebert (1967) reported that four of the characteristics reported by Litwack have predictive value in identifying recidivists: number of times in the discipline cottage, parolled to school or work, mother's age at time of commitment, and own age at time of firsc commitment. The four potential predictors of recidivism were never tested to verify their accuracy. Reluctance co accept the predictive power of the four characteristics idencified by Litwack and Hebert (1967) provided the main impetus for the present study. The intent of the present srudy was to repeat their procedures. An attempt to test the relative predictability of the four characterisics against other

Descriptive statistics for 70 undergraduate women on 5 personality scales are given. Intercorrelations among scales varied from –.13 to .81 but were predominantly small and nonsignificant.