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• The overall incidence of schizophrenia decreased from 9.61 per 100 000 in 2016 to 4.40 per 100 000 in 2020. • The overall prevalence and mortality showed a relatively stable tendency between 2016 and 2020 in Shandong, China. • The incidence, prevalence and mortality were higher in rural areas and women than urban areas and men, respectively. • Female had a higher incidence than male in most of the ages, with an exception of 18–34 age group between 2016 and 2020. The epidemiology of schizophrenia has been reported in many countries. However, due to the limitations of those studies, the findings cannot be generalized to other parts of the world, especially in China. In this study, the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of schizophrenia in Shandong, China were calculated using data from the National Severe Mental Disorder Registration System collected between 2016 and 2020 and census data from 2010 to 2020. The overall incidence decreased from 9.61 per 100,000 in 2016 to 4.40 per 100,000 in 2020, the aggregate prevalence was approximately 3.20 per 1000, and the overall mortality ranged from 6.17 per 100,000 to 7.71 per 100,000. The evidence from this study indicated that the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of schizophrenia were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Females had higher incidence, prevalence, and mortality than males. This study provided epidemiological information on schizophrenia and opened avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]