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This article focuses on neuropsychiatry. Neuropsychiatry is a concept that has undergone continuous evolution over 150 years. Over these years this term has had widely disparate meanings. Today most regard neuropsychiatry as a subspeciality of psychiatry that focuses on the caring on the behavioral, cognitive and emotional symptoms of patients who suffer from what are conventionally regarded as neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury and multiple sclerosis. As a group, these three papers comprise representative samplings of the avalanche of opportunity brought about by contemporary basic and clinical neuroscience discovery in the more sensitive and valid diagnosis and effective treatment of people who suffer from mental illnesses. On June 30, 2004, the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialities (UCNS) wrote to the presidents of the American Neuro-psychiatric Association and the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology to inform them that there joint application for a neurological subspecialty area had been approved. Formal accreditation processes for fellowships and certification processes for neuropsychiatry and behavioral neurology will be established through the auspices of the UCNS.