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Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is reduced in placental tissue from pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation. To investigate the possibility of altered gene expression of growth factors in prenatal growth retardation, the assessed expression of the genes for insulin-like growth factor-I and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by RTPCR from human placentas at term delivery in two groups: appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and pregnancies complicated with IUGR. The placentas from IUGR gestations showed reduced IGF-I expression with a significance of p=0.008, whereas we did not find any significant differences in EGFR gene expression.

Reports on a study on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha that reduces D-fructose intestinal transport in rabbits. Study of the involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in septic responses during bacterial infection; Examination of the effects of TNF- alpha on the transport of D-fructose across rabbit jejunum; Less absorption of sugar in TNF-alpha induced rabbits than in control animals; Use of Western blot to analyze the number of D-fructose transporters (GLUT5); Role of nitric oxide and prostaglandins as mediators in the inhibition of D-fructose intestinal uptake.