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Cellular signaling is controlled by ligand receptor interaction and subsequent biochemical changes inside the cell. Manipulating receptors as per need that can be a strategy to alter the disease pathologies in various conditions. With recent advances in synthetic biology, now it is possible to engineer the artificial receptor "synthetic receptors." Synthetic receptors are the engineering receptors that have potential to alter the disease pathology by altering/manipulating the cellular signaling. Several synthetic receptors are being engineered that have shown positive regulation in several disease conditions. Thus, synthetic receptor-based strategy opens a new avenue in the medical field to cope up with various health issues. The current chapter summarizes updated information about the synthetic receptors and their applications in the medical field., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most prevalent forms of dementia that occur genetically or sporadically (with increasing age) in the population of 65 years and above. The pathological hallmarks of AD include the formation of extracellular senile plaques of amyloid beta peptides 42 (Aβ 42 ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles associated with hyperphosphorylated tau protein. AD has been reported as an outcome of multiple probabilistic factors such as age, lifestyle, oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetics. Epigenetics are heritable changes in gene expression that give a phenotype without altering the DNA sequences. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation, histone modifications, regulation of miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, which are reported to be dysregulated in AD. Further, epigenetic mechanisms have been shown as a key player as they regulate memory development, where DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histone tails are the prime epigenetic markers. Also, alterations of AD-related genes cause pathogenesis on the transcriptional level. In the current chapter, we summarize the role of epigenetics in the onset and progression of AD and the use of epigenetic therapeutics to ameliorate the constraints of AD., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)