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Brain science is the research front and hot topic in the field of life science and the U.S.are the technology power in the field. In this paper, gaps of theory research and application research between China and the U.S.based on paper and patent data in terms of bibliometric analysis are studied. Results show that in terms of comparison of theory research based on published paper, China starts later than the U.S., but the quantitative gap of paper number between two countries is increasingly decreasing, however, the gap of academic impact is large; in terms of comparison of application research based on patent, patent number applied by China exceeds slightly that of the U.S., however, the gap of proportion of PCT patent, layout design of technology, leading companies, and ratio of R&D activity of company that represent technical value and market value of patent are still large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]