Objective: To study the changes of testosterone levels before and after operation in patients with cerebral glioma, and analyze its clinical significance. Methods: Selected 80 cases of patients with cerebral glioma in our hospital from February 2010 to June 2015 as the study group and selected 80 cases of patients with benign tumor in the same period as the control group, the two groups were treated with operation, detected the testosterone levels before operation, 3 days and 1 weeks after operation. Results: The testosterone level of in each pathological types of the study group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference of the testosterone levels between different pathological types(P>0.05); The testosterone level of study group was significantly higher than control group before operation, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); The testosterone levels of study group 3 days and 1 weeks after operation were significantly lower than before operation, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05); There were no significant difference of the testosterone levels in study group between 3 days after operation and 1 week after operation (P>0.05); There were no significant difference of the testosterone levels between before operation and different times after operation of study group(P>0.05). Conclusion: The testosterone levels in patients with cerebral glioma is disordered, when the testosterone levels is significantly rise.it should be alert to the possibility of glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]