8 results on '"Salvatore Carbone"'
Search Results
2. Resistance exercise for cardiac rehabilitation
- Author
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Danielle L. Kirkman, Duck-chul Lee, and Salvatore Carbone
- Subjects
Cardiac Rehabilitation ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Resistance Training ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Exercise ,Article ,Exercise Therapy - Abstract
Lean mass abnormalities are highly prevalent in patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation (CR). As such, current guidelines recommend incorporating resistance exercise (RE) into the exercise prescription of Phase II-IV CR. The effects of RE on health-related outcomes in patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) have not been extensively investigated in comparison to aerobic exercise, the traditional modality of exercise implemented in CR. The purpose of this review is to highlight the growing prevalence of lean mass abnormalities such as dynapenia and sarcopenia in CVD and briefly outline the contributing pathophysiology of these impairments as potential targets for RE training. An update on the current evidence pertaining to the effects of RE on exercise capacity, skeletal muscle strength, body composition, CV health, and quality of life in CR patient populations is provided. The current recommendations for RE training in CR are discussed. Future directions for research and clinical practice in this field are highlighted, and included the need to identify the most efficacious principles of resistance training for different health related outcomes in CVD, as well as the suggested drive towards a 'personalized medicine' approach to exercise prescription in CR.
- Published
- 2022
3. Associations of total and aerobic steps with the prevalence and incidence of frailty in older adults with hypertension
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Salvatore Carbone, Elizabeth C. Lefferts, Esmée A. Bakker, Duck-chul Lee, and Carl J. Lavie
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Weakness ,Frail Elderly ,Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16] ,Physical activity ,Blood Pressure ,Fitness Trackers ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Geriatric Assessment ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Exercise Tolerance ,Frailty ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Actigraphy ,Iowa ,Lower incidence ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Hypertension ,Pedometer ,Lower prevalence ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext PURPOSE: To examine the associations of total steps/day and faster aerobic steps/day (≥60 steps/min) with the development of frailty in older adults with hypertension (HTN) using a two-phased cross-sectional and prospective approach. METHODS: The sample consisted of 427 older adults with HTN from the Physical Activity and Aging Study (PAAS), aged ≥65 years, with valid step data from an accelerometer-based pedometer. Participants were classified into tertiles of total steps/day (low, mid, high) and three categories of aerobic steps/day (none, low, high). Frailty was defined using a modified Fried score with 5 subdomains including shrinking, weakness, slowness, low physical activity (PA), and exhaustion. RESULTS: We observed a negative dose-response relationship across categories of total steps/day and aerobic steps/day for the prevalence of frailty and the subdomains of slowness, low PA, and exhaustion (all p for trends
- Published
- 2021
4. The role of diet and nutrition in heart failure: A state-of-the-art narrative review
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Salvatore Carbone, Scott L. Hummel, and Hayley Billingsley
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutritional Status ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Recommended Dietary Allowances ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Caloric Restriction ,Heart Failure ,business.industry ,Malnutrition ,Feeding Behavior ,Diet, Sodium-Restricted ,Micronutrient ,medicine.disease ,Protein supplementation ,Sodium restriction ,Treatment Outcome ,Heart failure ,Dietary Supplements ,Observational study ,Narrative review ,Diet, Healthy ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Nutritive Value - Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) incidence is increasing steadily worldwide, while prognosis remains poor. Though nutrition is a lifestyle factor implicated in prevention of HF, little is known about the effects of macro- and micronutrients as well as dietary patterns on the progression and treatment of HF. This is reflected in a lack of nutrition recommendations in all major HF scientific guidelines. In this state-of-the-art review, we examine and discuss the implications of evidence contained in existing randomized control trials as well as observational studies covering the topics of sodium restriction, dietary patterns and caloric restriction as well as supplementation of dietary fats and fatty acids, protein and amino acids and micronutrients in the setting of pre-existing HF. Finally, we explore future directions and discuss knowledge gaps regarding nutrition therapies for the treatment of HF.
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- 2020
5. Shelter from the cytokine storm: Healthy living is a vital preventative strategy in the COVID-19 era
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Mark A Faghy, Salvatore Carbone, Richard Severin, Deepika Laddu, Leah Lebowicz, Cemal Ozemek, Samantha Bond, Carl J. Lavie, Ross Arena, and Isabel Romero Calvo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,PA, Physical activity ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,WAT, White adipose tissue ,Vulnerability ,CRF, Cardiorespiratory fitness ,BMI, Body mass index ,SNS, Sympathetic nervous system ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,ARSD, Acute respiratory distress syndrome ,0302 clinical medicine ,Syndemic ,law ,NLRP3, nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 ,medicine ,Humans ,IL, Interleukin ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Healthy Lifestyle ,Intensive care medicine ,Inflammation ,COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019 ,business.industry ,Physical activity ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Social distance ,Immunity ,TNF, Tumor necrosis factor ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,Intensive care unit ,Diet ,Vaccination ,Chronic disease ,Viral infection ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Cytokine storm ,business ,Cytokine Release Syndrome ,ROS, Reactive oxygen species - Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to have a devastating effect on a global scale. COVID-19 variants continue to arise and counteract vaccination efficacy. As such, preventative health measures, such as social distancing and stay at home mandates, will continue for the foreseeable future. Evidence on those at greatest risk for poor outcomes if infected with COVID-19 has rapidly come to light. It has become clear that those with unhealthy lifestyle characteristics, chronic disease risk factors and/or a confirmed diagnosis of one or more chronic conditions are at greatest risk for hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and death if infected with COVID-19. The cytokine storm is a phenomenon that has been posited as a pathophysiologic response to COVID-19 infection that leads to poor outcomes. The current graphical review illustrates the association between unhealthy lifestyle characteristics and increased vulnerability to the cytokine storm as well as the physiologic mechanisms healthy living behaviors elicit and decrease risk for the cytokine storm. Through this graphical review, we will demonstrate unhealthy lifestyle characteristics, chronic disease risk factors and diagnoses, and COVID-19 outcomes are intricately linked, creating a new global syndemic. It is also clear that a primary way to uncouple this syndemic is through increasing healthy living behaviors, as illustrated in this graphical review. Moving forward, healthy living medicine should be practiced with renewed vigor to improve human resiliency to health threats posed by both chronic disease and viral infections.
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- 2021
6. Obesity, risk of diabetes and role of physical activity, exercise training and cardiorespiratory fitness
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Salvatore Carbone, Carl J. Lavie, Marco Giuseppe Del Buono, and Cemal Ozemek
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Gerontology ,education.field_of_study ,endocrine system diseases ,business.industry ,Population ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Adipose tissue ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Cardiorespiratory fitness ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,Weight loss ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,education ,business - Abstract
The epidemic of obesity contributes to the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the United States and worldwide. Importantly, obesity is not only preventable but can be treated, particularly with lifestyle modifications to forestall T2DM in those with excess adiposity. The mechanisms linking obesity to T2DM are numerous and involve adipose tissue remodeling as a result of unhealthy behaviors, including unhealthy diet, reduced physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET), and increased sedentary behaviors. Taken together, these factors markedly reduce cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), one of the strongest predictors for cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in the general population, but also in those with T2DM. In this review we describe the mechanisms leading to adipose tissue remodeling resulting in obesity, as well as the mechanisms linking excess adiposity to insulin resistance and, in turn, T2DM. We then present the therapeutic strategies that can be implemented in obesity to prevent T2DM, with a brief discussion on weight loss, and greater emphasis on PA and ET. We finally present the evidence to support the beneficial effects of such strategies in patients with established T2DM and discuss the importance of achieving improvements in CRF in this population to potentially improve clinical outcomes.
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- 2019
7. Implications of obesity across the heart failure continuum
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Andrew Elagizi, Salvatore Carbone, Mandeep R. Mehra, Hector O. Ventura, and Carl J. Lavie
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Inotrope ,HTN, Hypertension ,Vo2, Oxygen Uptake ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Left ventricular assist device ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,CAD, Coronary Artery Disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,LVAD, Left Ventricular Assist Device ,Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19 ,Weight loss ,030212 general & internal medicine ,HFpEF, Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction ,RCT, Randomized Controlled Trial ,MET, Metabolic Equivalent ,Heart transplantation ,AHA, American Heart Association ,Cardiovascular disease ,BNP, Brain Natriuretic Peptide ,HT, Heart Transplant ,HFSA, Heart Failure Society of America ,Cardiology ,Heart transplant ,medicine.symptom ,BTT, Bridge to Transplant ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Obesity paradox ,medicine.medical_specialty ,AF, Atrial Fibrillation ,Heart failure ,HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction ,CVD, Cardiovascular Disease ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,CPX, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Obesity ,Cardiorespiratory fitness ,CV, Cardiovascular ,AA, African American ,business.industry ,HF, Heart Failure ,ISHLT, International Society for Heart Lung Transplantation ,medicine.disease ,CRF, Cardiorespiratory Fitness ,LV, Left Ventricular ,DM, Diabetes Mellitus ,Ventricular assist device ,HR, Hazard Ratio ,ACC, American College of Cardiology ,BMI, Body Mass Index ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
The obesity paradox, which suggests a survival advantage for the obese in heart failure (HF) has sparked debate in the medical community. Studies demonstrate a survival advantage in obese patients with HF, including those with advanced HF requiring continuous inotropic support for palliation or disease modifying therapy with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or heart transplantation (HT). Importantly, the obesity paradox is affected by the level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). It is now recommended that HF patients with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 achieve at least 5–10% weight loss, in order to improve symptoms and cardiac function, though more robust data are urgently needed. CRF may be the single best predictor of overall health and small improvements in fitness levels may lead to improved outcomes in HF. In addition to implications of obesity in chronic HF, we also discuss management of obese patients with advanced HF and their implications for therapies such as LVAD implantation and HT., Key points • Heart failure patients with a body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 should achieve at least 5–10% weight loss. • The obesity paradox has been demonstrated in patients with heart failure across the continuum of disease including those receiving palliative inotropic therapy, left ventricular assist device implantation and heart transplantation. • Bariatric surgery performed concomitantly with left ventricular assist device implantation may be a promising means of achieving bridge to transplant, however more data is needed.
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- 2020
8. An Overview and Update on Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Cardiovascular Diseases
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Sergey Kachur, Richard V. Milani, Andrew Elagizi, Salvatore Carbone, Ambarish Pandey, Carl J. Lavie, and Francisco B. Ortega
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Status ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Class I obesity ,Internal medicine ,Metabolically healthy obesity ,Humans ,Medicine ,Healthy Lifestyle ,Obesity ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Exercise ,Adiposity ,Obesity, Metabolically Benign ,business.industry ,Protective Factors ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Impaired fasting glucose ,Cardiorespiratory Fitness ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Lean body mass ,medicine.symptom ,Energy Metabolism ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Body mass index ,Obesity paradox - Abstract
Obesity increases a number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, but patients with many types of CVD may have a better prognosis if classified as overweight or obese, a phenomenon known as the "obesity paradox". This paradoxical benefit of a medically unfavorable phenotype is particularly strong in the overweight and class I obesity, and less pronounced in the more severe or morbidly obese populations (class II-III and greater). Rather than an obesity paradox, it is possible that this phenomenon may represent a "lean paradox", in which individuals classified as normal weight or underweight may have a poorer prognosis with respect to CVD, as a result of a progressive catabolic state and lean mass loss. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a fundamental part of this discussion. A greater CRF is associated with lower CVD risk, regardless of body mass index (BMI). Also, the assessment of body composition compartments (i.e., fat mass, fat-free mass, lean mass) and the presence of metabolic derangements may be better indicators of CVD risk than BMI alone. The focus of this review is to summarize the current evidence of the obesity paradox. Moreover, we discuss the utility and limitations of BMI for cardiometabolic risk stratification, in addition to concepts such as "metabolically healthy obesity" (MHO) and the "fat but fit" phenomenon, which describe patients who are diagnosed with obesity using BMI, but without major metabolic derangements and with greater CRF, respectively. Finally, we propose that obese patients presenting with an excess body fat, yet without metabolic abnormalities, should still be viewed as an "at risk" population, and as such should receive advice to change their lifestyle to improve their CRF and to prevent the development of impaired fasting glucose, diabetes mellitus and other CVD risk factors as a form of primary prevention.
- Published
- 2018
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