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Start Over Author "KATRIN" Journal proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america
737 results on '"KATRIN"'

1. A Pleistocene legacy structures variation in modern seagrass ecosystems

Author

Duffy, J Emmett, Stachowicz, John J, Reynolds, Pamela L, Hovel, Kevin A, Jahnke, Marlene, Sotka, Erik E, Boström, Christoffer, Boyer, Katharyn E, Cusson, Mathieu, Eklöf, Johan, Engelen, Aschwin H, Eriksson, Britas Klemens, Fodrie, F Joel, Griffin, John N, Hereu, Clara M, Hori, Masakazu, Hughes, A Randall, Ivanov, Mikhail V, Jorgensen, Pablo, Kruschel, Claudia, Lee, Kun-Seop, Lefcheck, Jonathan S, Moksnes, Per-Olav, Nakaoka, Masahiro, O’Connor, Mary I, O’Connor, Nessa E, Orth, Robert J, Peterson, Bradley J, Reiss, Henning, Reiss, Katrin, Richardson, J Paul, Rossi, Francesca, Ruesink, Jennifer L, Schultz, Stewart T, Thormar, Jonas, Tomas, Fiona, Unsworth, Richard, Voigt, Erin, Whalen, Matthew A, Ziegler, Shelby L, and Olsen, Jeanine L

Subjects
Climate Action, Acclimatization, Animals, Biological Evolution, Biomass, Ecosystem, Food Chain, Invertebrates, Zosteraceae, biogeography, climate, foundation species, genetic structure
Abstract

Distribution of Earth's biomes is structured by the match between climate and plant traits, which in turn shape associated communities and ecosystem processes and services. However, that climate-trait match can be disrupted by historical events, with lasting ecosystem impacts. As Earth's environment changes faster than at any time in human history, critical questions are whether and how organismal traits and ecosystems can adjust to altered conditions. We quantified the relative importance of current environmental forcing versus evolutionary history in shaping the growth form (stature and biomass) and associated community of eelgrass (Zostera marina), a widespread foundation plant of marine ecosystems along Northern Hemisphere coastlines, which experienced major shifts in distribution and genetic composition during the Pleistocene. We found that eelgrass stature and biomass retain a legacy of the Pleistocene colonization of the Atlantic from the ancestral Pacific range and of more recent within-basin bottlenecks and genetic differentiation. This evolutionary legacy in turn influences the biomass of associated algae and invertebrates that fuel coastal food webs, with effects comparable to or stronger than effects of current environmental forcing. Such historical lags in phenotypic acclimatization may constrain ecosystem adjustments to rapid anthropogenic climate change, thus altering predictions about the future functioning of ecosystems.

Published
2022

2. Climate drives the geography of marine consumption by changing predator communities

Author

Whalen, Matthew A, Whippo, Ross DB, Stachowicz, John J, York, Paul H, Aiello, Erin, Alcoverro, Teresa, Altieri, Andrew H, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Bertolini, Camilla, Bresch, Midoli, Bulleri, Fabio, Carnell, Paul E, Cimon, Stéphanie, Connolly, Rod M, Cusson, Mathieu, Diskin, Meredith S, D’Souza, Elrika, Flores, Augusto AV, Fodrie, F Joel, Galloway, Aaron WE, Gaskins, Leo C, Graham, Olivia J, Hanley, Torrance C, Henderson, Christopher J, Hereu, Clara M, Hessing-Lewis, Margot, Hovel, Kevin A, Hughes, Brent B, Hughes, A Randall, Hultgren, Kristin M, Jänes, Holger, Janiak, Dean S, Johnston, Lane N, Jorgensen, Pablo, Kelaher, Brendan P, Kruschel, Claudia, Lanham, Brendan S, Lee, Kun-Seop, Lefcheck, Jonathan S, Lozano-Álvarez, Enrique, Macreadie, Peter I, Monteith, Zachary L, O’Connor, Nessa E, Olds, Andrew D, O’Leary, Jennifer K, Patrick, Christopher J, Pino, Oscar, Poore, Alistair GB, Rasheed, Michael A, Raymond, Wendel W, Reiss, Katrin, Rhoades, O Kennedy, Robinson, Max T, Ross, Paige G, Rossi, Francesca, Schlacher, Thomas A, Seemann, Janina, Silliman, Brian R, Smee, Delbert L, Thiel, Martin, Unsworth, Richard KF, van Tussenbroek, Brigitta I, Vergés, Adriana, Yeager, Mallarie E, Yednock, Bree K, Ziegler, Shelby L, and Duffy, J Emmett

Subjects
Life Below Water, Climate Action, Alismatales, Animals, Biodiversity, Biomass, Climate, Female, Fisheries, Fishes, Food Chain, Geography, Global Warming, Humans, Male, latitudinal gradients, trophic processes, seagrass, biogeography, macroecology
Abstract

The global distribution of primary production and consumption by humans (fisheries) is well-documented, but we have no map linking the central ecological process of consumption within food webs to temperature and other ecological drivers. Using standardized assays that span 105° of latitude on four continents, we show that rates of bait consumption by generalist predators in shallow marine ecosystems are tightly linked to both temperature and the composition of consumer assemblages. Unexpectedly, rates of consumption peaked at midlatitudes (25 to 35°) in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres across both seagrass and unvegetated sediment habitats. This pattern contrasts with terrestrial systems, where biotic interactions reportedly weaken away from the equator, but it parallels an emerging pattern of a subtropical peak in marine biodiversity. The higher consumption at midlatitudes was closely related to the type of consumers present, which explained rates of consumption better than consumer density, biomass, species diversity, or habitat. Indeed, the apparent effect of temperature on consumption was mostly driven by temperature-associated turnover in consumer community composition. Our findings reinforce the key influence of climate warming on altered species composition and highlight its implications for the functioning of Earth's ecosystems.

Published
2020

3. A pathogenic and clonally expanded B cell transcriptome in active multiple sclerosis

Author

Ramesh, Akshaya, Schubert, Ryan D, Greenfield, Ariele L, Dandekar, Ravi, Loudermilk, Rita, Sabatino, Joseph J, Koelzer, Matthew T, Tran, Edwina B, Koshal, Kanishka, Kim, Kicheol, Pröbstel, Anne-Katrin, Banerji, Debarko, San Francisco MS-EPIC Team University of California, Guo, Chu-Yueh, Green, Ari J, Bove, Riley M, DeRisi, Joseph L, Gelfand, Jeffrey M, Cree, Bruce AC, Zamvil, Scott S, Baranzini, Sergio E, Hauser, Stephen L, and Wilson, Michael R

Subjects
Biotechnology, Neurodegenerative, Autoimmune Disease, Genetics, Neurosciences, Multiple Sclerosis, Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Inflammatory and immune system, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, B-Lymphocytes, Central Nervous System, Chemokines, Cytokines, Female, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Transcriptome, multiple sclerosis, neuroimmunology, B cell, immune repertoire, University of California, San Francisco MS-EPIC Team
Abstract

Central nervous system B cells have several potential roles in multiple sclerosis (MS): secretors of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, presenters of autoantigens to T cells, producers of pathogenic antibodies, and reservoirs for viruses that trigger demyelination. To interrogate these roles, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was performed on paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood from subjects with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS; n = 12), other neurologic diseases (ONDs; n = 1), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 3). Single-cell immunoglobulin sequencing (scIg-Seq) was performed on a subset of these subjects and additional RRMS (n = 4), clinically isolated syndrome (n = 2), and OND (n = 2) subjects. Further, paired CSF and blood B cell subsets (RRMS; n = 7) were isolated using fluorescence activated cell sorting for bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Independent analyses across technologies demonstrated that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways were activated, and specific cytokine and chemokine receptors were up-regulated in CSF memory B cells. Further, SMAD/TGF-β1 signaling was down-regulated in CSF plasmablasts/plasma cells. Clonally expanded, somatically hypermutated IgM+ and IgG1+ CSF B cells were associated with inflammation, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and intrathecal Ig synthesis. While we identified memory B cells and plasmablast/plasma cells with highly similar Ig heavy-chain sequences across MS subjects, similarities were also identified with ONDs and HCs. No viral transcripts, including from Epstein-Barr virus, were detected. Our findings support the hypothesis that in MS, CSF B cells are driven to an inflammatory and clonally expanded memory and plasmablast/plasma cell phenotype.

Published
2020

4. Vaccine-elicited CD4 T cells prevent the deletion of antiviral B cells in chronic infection

Author

Narr, Kerstin, Ertuna, Yusuf I., Fallet, Benedict, Cornille, Karen, Dimitrova, Mirela, Marx, Anna-Friederike, Martin, Katrin, Mota, Tiago Jose Abreu, Künzli, Marco, Schreiner, David, Brunner, Tobias M., Kreutzfeldt, Mario, Wagner, Ingrid, Geier, Florian, Bestmann, Lukas, Löhning, Max, Merkler, Doron, King, Carolyn G., and Pinschewer, Daniel D.

Published
2021

7. Counterexamples in scale calculus

Author

Filippenko, Benjamin, Zhou, Zhengyi, and Wehrheim, Katrin

Subjects
scale calculus, inverse function theorem, implicit function theorem, polyfold theory
Abstract

We construct counterexamples to classical calculus facts such as the inverse and implicit function theorems in scale calculus-a generalization of multivariable calculus to infinite-dimensional vector spaces, in which the reparameterization maps relevant to symplectic geometry are smooth. Scale calculus is a corner stone of polyfold theory, which was introduced by Hofer, Wysocki, and Zehnder as a broadly applicable tool for regularizing moduli spaces of pseudoholomorphic curves. We show how the novel nonlinear scale-Fredholm notion in polyfold theory overcomes the lack of implicit function theorems, by formally establishing an often implicitly used fact: The differentials of basic germs-the local models for scale-Fredholm maps-vary continuously in the space of bounded operators when the base point changes. We moreover demonstrate that this continuity holds only in specific coordinates, by constructing an example of a scale-diffeomorphism and scale-Fredholm map with discontinuous differentials. This justifies the high technical complexity in the foundations of polyfold theory.

Published
2019

8. Immunogenicity and efficacy of the COVID-19 candidate vector vaccine MVA-SARS-2-S in preclinical vaccination

Author

Tscherne, Alina, Schwarz, Jan Hendrik, Rohde, Cornelius, Kupke, Alexandra, Kalodimou, Georgia, Limpinsel, Leonard, Okba, Nisreen M. A., Bošnjak, Berislav, Sandrock, Inga, Odak, Ivan, Halwe, Sandro, Sauerhering, Lucie, Brosinski, Katrin, Liangliang, Nan, Duell, Elke, Jany, Sylvia, Freudenstein, Astrid, Schmidt, Jörg, Werner, Anke, Serra, Michelle Gellhorn, Klüver, Michael, Guggemos, Wolfgang, Seilmaier, Michael, Wendtner, Clemens-Martin, Förster, Reinhold, Haagmans, Bart L., Becker, Stephan, Sutter, Gerd, and Volz, Asisa

Published
2021

12. JNK signaling prevents biliary cyst formation through a CASPASE-8–dependent function of RIPK1 during aging

Author

Müller, Katrin, Honcharova-Biletska, Hanna, Koppe, Christiane, Egger, Michèle, Chan, Lap Kwan, Schneider, Anne T., Küsgens, Lena, Böhm, Friederike, Boege, Yannick, Healy, Marc E., Schmitt, Johannes, Comtesse, Sarah, Castoldi, Mirco, Preisinger, Christian, Szydlowska, Marta, Focaccia, Enrico, Gaisa, Nadine T., Loosen, Sven H., Jörs, Simone, Tacke, Frank, Roderburg, Christoph, Keitel, Verena, Bode, Johannes G., Boor, Peter, Davis, Roger J., Longerich, Thomas, Geisler, Fabian, Heikenwalder, Mathias, Weber, Achim, Vucur, Mihael, and Luedde, Tom

Published
2021

13. Genetic deletion of Nox4 enhances cancerogen-induced formation of solid tumors

Author

Helfinger, Valeska, von Gall, Florian Freiherr, Henke, Nina, Kunze, Michael M., Schmid, Tobias, Rezende, Flavia, Heidler, Juliana, Wittig, Ilka, Radeke, Heinfried H., Marschall, Viola, Anderson, Karen, Shah, Ajay M., Fulda, Simone, Brüne, Bernhard, Brandes, Ralf P., and Schröder, Katrin

Published
2021

14. A conserved peptide-binding pocket in HyNaC/ASIC ion cha.

Author

Ortega-Ramírez, Audrey Magdalena, Albani, Simone, Bachmann, Michèle, Schmidt, Axel, Pinoé-Schmidt, Manuela, Assmann, Marc, Augustinowski, Katrin, Rossetti, Giulia, and Gründer, Stefan

Subjects
ACID-sensing ion channels, LIGAND-gated ion channels, ION channels, PEPTIDES, SITE-specific mutagenesis
Abstract

The only known peptide-gated ion channels--FaNaCs/WaNaCs and HyNaCs--belong to different clades of the DEG/ENaC family. FaNaCs are activated by the short neuropeptide FMRFamide, and HyNaCs by Hydra RFamides, which are not evolutionarily related to FMRFamide. The FMRFamide-binding site in FaNaCs was recently identified in a cleft atop the large extracellular domain. However, this cleft is not conserved in HyNaCs. Here, we combined molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis and identified a putative binding pocket for Hydra-RFamides in the extracellular domain of the heterotrimeric HyNaC2/3/5. This pocket localizes to only one of the three subunit interfaces, indicating that this trimeric ion channel binds a single peptide ligand. We engineered an unnatural amino acid at the putative binding pocket entrance, which allowed covalent tethering of Hydra RFamide to the channel, thereby trapping the channel in an open conformation. The identified pocket localizes to the same region as the acidic pocket of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), which binds peptide ligands. The pocket in HyNaCs is less acidic, and both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions contribute to peptide binding. Collectively, our results reveal a conserved ligand-binding pocket in HyNaCs and ASICs and indicate independent evolution of peptide-binding cavities in the two subgroups of peptide-gated ion channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Toward a more credible assessment of the credibility of science by many-analyst studies.

Author

Auspurg, Katrin and Brüderl, Josef

Subjects
*RESEARCH questions, *SCIENCE projects, *EXPERIMENTAL design, *CROWDS
Abstract

We discuss a relatively new meta-scientific research design: many-analyst studies that attempt to assess the replicability and credibility of research based on large-scale observational data. In these studies, a large number of analysts try to answer the same research question using the same data. The key idea is the greater the variation in results, the greater the uncertainty in answering the research question and, accordingly, the lower the credibility of any individual research finding. Compared to individual replications, the large crowd of analysts allows for a more systematic investigation of uncertainty and its sources. However, many-analyst studies are also resource-intensive, and there are some doubts about their potential to provide credible assessments. We identify three issues that any many-analyst study must address: 1) identifying the source of variation in the results; 2) providing an incentive structure similar to that of standard research; and 3) conducting a proper meta-analysis of the results. We argue that some recent many-analyst studies have failed to address these issues satisfactorily and have therefore provided an overly pessimistic assessment of the credibility of science. We also provide some concrete guidance on how future many-analyst studies could provide a more constructive assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Enhancement and maximum in the isobaric specific-heat capacity measurements of deeply supercooled water using ultrafast calorimetry

Author

Pathak, Harshad, Späh, Alexander, Esmaeildoost, Niloofar, Sellberg, Jonas A., Kim, Kyung Hwan, Perakis, Fivos, Amann-Winkel, Katrin, Ladd-Parada, Marjorie, Koliyadu, Jayanath, Lane, Thomas J., Yang, Cheolhee, Lemke, Henrik Till, Oggenfuss, Alexander Roland, Johnson, Philip J. M., Deng, Yunpei, Zerdane, Serhane, Mankowsky, Roman, Beaud, Paul, and Nilsson, Anders

Published
2021

21. Structure-guided development of selective M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists

Author

Liu, Hongtao, Hofmann, Josefa, Fish, Inbar, Schaake, Benjamin, Eitel, Katrin, Bartuschat, Amelie, Kaindl, Jonas, Rampp, Hannelore, Banerjee, Ashutosh, Hübner, Harald, Clark, Mary J, Vincent, Sandra G, Fisher, John T, Heinrich, Markus R, Hirata, Kunio, Liu, Xiangyu, Sunahara, Roger K, Shoichet, Brian K, Kobilka, Brian K, and Gmeiner, Peter

Subjects
Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Generic health relevance, Acetylcholine, Amino Acid Sequence, Crystallography, X-Ray, Drug Design, Humans, Molecular Docking Simulation, Muscarinic Antagonists, Receptor, Muscarinic M2, Receptor, Muscarinic M3, muscarinic receptor, G protein-coupled receptor, drug design, subtype selectivity, crystal structure
Abstract

Drugs that treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by antagonizing the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) have had a significant effect on health, but can suffer from their lack of selectivity against the M2R subtype, which modulates heart rate. Beginning with the crystal structures of M2R and M3R, we exploited a single amino acid difference in their orthosteric binding pockets using molecular docking and structure-based design. The resulting M3R antagonists had up to 100-fold selectivity over M2R in affinity and over 1,000-fold selectivity in vivo. The crystal structure of the M3R-selective antagonist in complex with M3R corresponded closely to the docking-predicted geometry, providing a template for further optimization.

Published
2018

22. De novo formation of an aggregation pheromone precursor by an isoprenyl diphosphate synthase-related terpene synthase in the harlequin bug

Author

Lancaster, Jason, Khrimian, Ashot, Young, Sharon, Lehner, Bryan, Luck, Katrin, Wallingford, Anna, Ghosh, Saikat Kumar B, Zerbe, Philipp, Muchlinski, Andrew, Marek, Paul E, Sparks, Michael E, Tokuhisa, James G, Tittiger, Claus, Köllner, Tobias G, Weber, Donald C, Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E, Kuhar, Thomas P, and Tholl, Dorothea

Subjects
Biotechnology, Alkyl and Aryl Transferases, Animals, Biosynthetic Pathways, Heteroptera, Insect Proteins, Male, Models, Molecular, Molecular Structure, Pheromones, Phylogeny, Polyisoprenyl Phosphates, Protein Domains, Sesquiterpenes, Stereoisomerism, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, harlequin bug, aggregation pheromone, terpene synthase
Abstract

Insects use a diverse array of specialized terpene metabolites as pheromones in intraspecific interactions. In contrast to plants and microbes, which employ enzymes called terpene synthases (TPSs) to synthesize terpene metabolites, limited information from few species is available about the enzymatic mechanisms underlying terpene pheromone biosynthesis in insects. Several stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), among them severe agricultural pests, release 15-carbon sesquiterpenes with a bisabolene skeleton as sex or aggregation pheromones. The harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica, a specialist pest of crucifers, uses two stereoisomers of 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol as a male-released aggregation pheromone called murgantiol. We show that MhTPS (MhIDS-1), an enzyme unrelated to plant and microbial TPSs but with similarity to trans-isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDS) of the core terpene biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes the formation of (1S,6S,7R)-1,10-bisaboladien-1-ol (sesquipiperitol) as a terpene intermediate in murgantiol biosynthesis. Sesquipiperitol, a so-far-unknown compound in animals, also occurs in plants, indicating convergent evolution in the biosynthesis of this sesquiterpene. RNAi-mediated knockdown of MhTPS mRNA confirmed the role of MhTPS in murgantiol biosynthesis. MhTPS expression is highly specific to tissues lining the cuticle of the abdominal sternites of mature males. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that MhTPS is derived from a trans-IDS progenitor and diverged from bona fide trans-IDS proteins including MhIDS-2, which functions as an (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase. Structure-guided mutagenesis revealed several residues critical to MhTPS and MhFPPS activity. The emergence of an IDS-like protein with TPS activity in M. histrionica demonstrates that de novo terpene biosynthesis evolved in the Hemiptera in an adaptation for intraspecific communication.

Published
2018

23. Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests

Author

Slik, JW Ferry, Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F, K, Anitha, Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard C, Gerardo A, Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-François, Bellingham, Peter J, van den Berg, Eduardo, da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q, Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chazdon, Robin L, Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewango, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana M, Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, HS, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J, Din, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Eler, Eduardo Schmidt, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J, Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas W, Gillet, Jean-Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, Granzow-de la Cerda, Iñigo, Griffith, Daniel M, Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J, Harrison, Rhett D, Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussain, M Shah, Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I Faridah, Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A, Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L, Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J, Kooyman, Robert M, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G, Laurance, William F, Lawes, Michael J, Letcher, Susan G, Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Lozada, Jose, Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Mahmud, Khairil Bin, Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Mansor, Asyraf, Marshall, Andrew R, Martin, Emanuel H, Calderado Leal Matos, Darley, Meave, Jorge A, Melo, Felipe PL, Mendoza, Zhofre Huberto Aguirre, and Metali, Faizah

Subjects
Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Monitoring, Forests, Phylogeny, Plants, Tropical Climate, biogeographic legacies, forest classification, forest functional similarity, phylogenetic community distance, tropical forests
Abstract

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests.

Published
2018

24. A pathogenic and clonally expanded B cell transcriptome in active multiple sclerosis

Author

University of California, San Francisco MS-EPIC Team, Ramesh, Akshaya, Schubert, Ryan D., Greenfield, Ariele L., Dandekar, Ravi, Loudermilk, Rita, Sabatino, Joseph J., Koelzer, Matthew T., Tran, Edwina B., Koshal, Kanishka, Kim, Kicheol, Pröbstel, Anne-Katrin, Banerji, Debarko, Guo, Chu-Yueh, Green, Ari J., Bove, Riley M., DeRisi, Joseph L., Gelfand, Jeffrey M., Cree, Bruce A. C., Zamvil, Scott S., Baranzini, Sergio E., Hauser, Stephen L., and Wilson, Michael R.

Published
2020

32. RNA editing alterations define manifestation of prion diseases

Author

Kanata, Eirini, Llorens, Franc, Dafou, Dimitra, Dimitriadis, Athanasios, Thüne, Katrin, Xanthopoulos, Konstantinos, Bekas, Nikolaos, Espinosa, Juan Carlos, Schmitz, Matthias, Marín-Moreno, Alba, Capece, Vincenzo, Shormoni, Orr, Andréoletti, Olivier, Bonn, Stefan, Torres, Juan María, Ferrer, Isidre, Zerr, Inga, and Sklaviadis, Theodoros

Published
2019

38. Klebsiella oxytoca enterotoxins tilimycin and tilivalline have distinct host DNA-damaging and microtubule-stabilizing activities

Author

Unterhauser, Katrin, Pöltl, Lisa, Schneditz, Georg, Kienesberger, Sabine, Glabonjat, Ronald A., Kitsera, Maksym, Pletz, Jakob, Josa-Prado, Fernando, Dornisch, Elisabeth, Lembacher-Fadum, Christian, Roier, Sandro, Gorkiewicz, Gregor, Lucena, Daniel, Barasoain, Isabel, Kroutil, Wolfgang, Wiedner, Marc, Loizou, Joanna I., Breinbauer, Rolf, Díaz, José Fernando, Schild, Stefan, Högenauer, Christoph, and Zechner, Ellen L.

Published
2019

42. An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

Author

Slik, JW Ferry, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L, Bellingham, Peter J, van den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q, Hockemba, Mireille Breuer-Ndoundou, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel, Catharino, Eduardo LM, Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K, Chazdon, Robin L, Clark, Connie, Clark, David B, Clark, Deborah A, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere S, Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl AO, Eisenlohr, Pedro V, Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J, Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, de Oliveira Filho, Ary T, Fletcher, Christine, Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean-François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M, Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A, Joly, Carlos A, de Jong, Bernardus HJ, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F, Lawes, Michael J, do Amaral, Ieda Leao, Letcher, Susan G, Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel H, Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe PL, Metcalfe, Daniel J, Medjibe, Vincent P, Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D, Montero, Juan C, de Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, and Ochoa-Gaona, Susana

Subjects
Life Below Water, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Databases, Factual, Ecosystem, Forests, Phylogeography, Rainforest, Species Specificity, Statistics, Nonparametric, Trees, Tropical Climate, diversity estimation, Fisher's log series, pantropical, spatial richness patterns, tropical tree species richness, Fisher’s log series
Abstract

The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher's alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼ 40,000 and ∼ 53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼ 19,000-25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼ 4,500-6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa.

Published
2015

43. The evolution of self-control

Author

MacLean, Evan L, Hare, Brian, Nunn, Charles L, Addessi, Elsa, Amici, Federica, Anderson, Rindy C, Aureli, Filippo, Baker, Joseph M, Bania, Amanda E, Barnard, Allison M, Boogert, Neeltje J, Brannon, Elizabeth M, Bray, Emily E, Bray, Joel, Brent, Lauren JN, Burkart, Judith M, Call, Josep, Cantlon, Jessica F, Cheke, Lucy G, Clayton, Nicola S, Delgado, Mikel M, DiVincenti, Louis J, Fujita, Kazuo, Herrmann, Esther, Hiramatsu, Chihiro, Jacobs, Lucia F, Jordan, Kerry E, Laude, Jennifer R, Leimgruber, Kristin L, Messer, Emily JE, de A. Moura, Antonio C, Ostojić, Ljerka, Picard, Alejandra, Platt, Michael L, Plotnik, Joshua M, Range, Friederike, Reader, Simon M, Reddy, Rachna B, Sandel, Aaron A, Santos, Laurie R, Schumann, Katrin, Seed, Amanda M, Sewall, Kendra B, Shaw, Rachael C, Slocombe, Katie E, Su, Yanjie, Takimoto, Ayaka, Tan, Jingzhi, Tao, Ruoting, van Schaik, Carel P, Virányi, Zsófia, Visalberghi, Elisabetta, Wade, Jordan C, Watanabe, Arii, Widness, Jane, Young, Julie K, Zentall, Thomas R, and Zhao, Yini

Subjects
Nutrition, Brain Disorders, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, Mental health, Animals, Biological Evolution, Brain, Cognition, Diet, Humans, Learning, Likelihood Functions, Models, Statistical, Organ Size, Phylogeny, Primates, Problem Solving, Selection, Genetic, Social Behavior, Species Specificity, psychology, behavior, comparative methods, inhibitory control, executive function
Abstract

Cognition presents evolutionary research with one of its greatest challenges. Cognitive evolution has been explained at the proximate level by shifts in absolute and relative brain volume and at the ultimate level by differences in social and dietary complexity. However, no study has integrated the experimental and phylogenetic approach at the scale required to rigorously test these explanations. Instead, previous research has largely relied on various measures of brain size as proxies for cognitive abilities. We experimentally evaluated these major evolutionary explanations by quantitatively comparing the cognitive performance of 567 individuals representing 36 species on two problem-solving tasks measuring self-control. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that absolute brain volume best predicted performance across species and accounted for considerably more variance than brain volume controlling for body mass. This result corroborates recent advances in evolutionary neurobiology and illustrates the cognitive consequences of cortical reorganization through increases in brain volume. Within primates, dietary breadth but not social group size was a strong predictor of species differences in self-control. Our results implicate robust evolutionary relationships between dietary breadth, absolute brain volume, and self-control. These findings provide a significant first step toward quantifying the primate cognitive phenome and explaining the process of cognitive evolution.

Published
2014

44. CCR3-dependent eosinophil recruitment is regulated by sialyltransferase ST3Gal-IV.

Author

Immler, Roland, Nussbaumer, Katrin, Doerner, Axel, El Bounkari, Omar, Huber, Silke, Abisch, Janine, Napoli, Matteo, Schmidt, Sarah, Margraf, Andreas, Pruenster, Monika, Rohwedder, Ina, Lange-Sperandio, Baerbel, Mall, Marcus A., de Jong, Renske, Ohnmacht, Caspar, Bernhagen, Juergen, Voehringer, David, Marth, Jamey D., Frommhold, David, and Sperandio, Markus

Subjects
*EOSINOPHILS, *HOMEOSTASIS, *PERITONEUM, *ALLERGIES, *ADIPOSE tissues
Abstract

Eosinophil recruitment is a pathological hallmark of many allergic and helminthic diseases. Here, we investigated chemokine receptor CCR3-induced eosinophil recruitment in sialyltransferase St3gal4-/- mice. We found a marked decrease in eosinophil extravasation into CCL11-stimulated cremaster muscles and into the inflamed peritoneal cavity of St3gal4-/- mice. Ex vivo flow chamber assays uncovered reduced adhesion of St3gal4-/- compared to wild type eosinophils. Using flow cytometry, we show reduced binding of CCL11 to St3gal4-/- eosinophils. Further, we noted reduced binding of CCL11 to its chemokine receptor CCR3 isolated from St3gal4-/- eosinophils. This was accompanied by almost absent CCR3 internalization of CCL11-stimulated St3gal4-/- eosinophils. Applying an ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease model, we found a dramatic reduction in eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following intratracheal challenge with ovalbumin in St3gal4-deficient mice. Finally, we also investigated tissue-resident eosinophils under homeostatic conditions and found reduced resident eosinophil numbers in the thymus and adipose tissue in the absence of ST3Gal-IV. Taken together, our results demonstrate an important role of ST3Gal-IV in CCR3-induced eosinophil recruitment in vivo rendering this enzyme an attractive target in reducing unwanted eosinophil infiltration in various disorders including allergic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Zebrafish type I collagen mutants faithfully recapitulate human type I collagenopathies

Author

Gistelinck, Charlotte, Kwon, Ronald Y., Malfait, Fransiska, Symoens, Sofie, Harris, Matthew P., Henke, Katrin, Hawkins, Michael B., Fisher, Shannon, Sips, Patrick, Guillemyn, Brecht, Bek, Jan Willem, Vermassen, Petra, De Saffel, Hanna, Witten, Paul Eckhard, Weis, MaryAnn, De Paepe, Anne, Eyre, David R., Willaert, Andy, and Coucke, Paul J.

Published
2018

47. Ablation of PM20D1 reveals N -acyl amino acid control of metabolism and nociception

Author

Long, Jonathan Z., Roche, Alexander M., Berdan, Charles A., Louie, Sharon M., Roberts, Amanda J., Svensson, Katrin J., Dou, Florence Y., Bateman, Leslie A., Mina, Amir I., Deng, Zhaoming, Jedrychowski, Mark P., Lin, Hua, Kamenecka, Theodore M., Asara, John M., Griffin, Patrick R., Banks, Alexander S., Nomura, Daniel K., and Spiegelman, Bruce M.

Published
2018

49. Molecular structural diversity of mitochondrial cardiolipins

Author

Oemer, Gregor, Lackner, Katharina, Muigg, Katharina, Krumschnabel, Gerhard, Watschinger, Katrin, Sailer, Sabrina, Lindner, Herbert, Gnaiger, Erich, Wortmann, Saskia B., Werner, Ernst R., Zschocke, Johannes, and Keller, Markus A.

Published
2018

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