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The article presents the results of remote monitoring of the consequences of armed aggression, namely the occurrence of fires on the territory of protected areas in the combat zone. In combination with "traditional" data, satellite imagery can play a crucial role in protecting protected areas and providing evidence of environmental violations. Plant and animal life are under threat of destruction from enemy shelling by the Russian army. In addition, there is the uncontrolled spread of fire in the combat zone of Ukraine due to limited access the emergency services. Because of hostilities, landmines, and the occupation of Ukrainian territory, Ukrainian rescuers and foresters are not always able to fully prevent and fight fires. To identify the facts of fires, and to determine the coordinates of fires that lead to large-scale fires in the specified conditions, space monitoring by methods of remote sensing of the Earth is effective. Using remote sensing data, the authors present a methodology for monitoring fires as a result of military operations in Ukraine, the scale of fires, tracing the direction of their spread, etc. The help of satellite monitoring determined fires, and the causes of their occurrence making it possible to predict further spread and assess the affected areas. The publication presents the results of research on the use of remote sensing data on determining the thermal anomalies, hotbeds, and fires, and the proposed approach to monitoring of natural areas of Ukraine in the combat zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfires are a problem all over the world. Plant and animal life are under threat of destruction. But this issue is especially relevant for Ukraine, where fires appear en masse throughout the country not only from weather factors but also from enemy shelling by the Russian army. In addition, there is the uncontrolled spread of fire to large areas of Ukraine due to limited access to emergency services. Because of hostilities, landmines, and the occupation of Ukrainian territory, Ukrainian rescuers and foresters are not always able to fully prevent and fight fires. To identify the facts of fires, and to determine the coordinates of fires that lead to large-scale fires in the specified conditions, space monitoring by methods of remote sensing of the Earth is effective. Using remote sensing data, the authors present a methodology for identifying thermal anomalies, the scale of fires, tracing the direction of their spread, etc. With the help of satellite monitoring are determined fires, and the causes of their occurrence makes it possible to predict further spread and assess the affected areas. The publication presents the results of research on the use of remote sensing data on determining the thermal anomalies, hotbeds, and fires, proposed approach to monitoring of natural areas of Ukraine. The temperature activity in and near the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A geographical location, an atmospheric circulation, a terrain sculpture and the presence of water reservoirs determine thermal conditions in Poland. The influence of these factors overlaps an impact of local factors as well as the effects of air transformation as a result of the process of an energy exchange at the interface between the atmosphere and its surface. The thermal conditions prevailing in a specific area can be determined on the basis of average values and extreme air temperatures. These characteristics are supplemented by the amplitudes of air temperature: the daily temperature amplitude and the annual temperature amplitude. The aim of the article is, therefore, to determine the variation in daily fluctuations in air temperature in the north-west of Poland, depending on atmospheric and geographical factors. The daily amplitude is an important informative indicator of the range of daily temperature fluctuations and climatic features of the analyzed area. Large diurnal fluctuations of air temperature can cause strong radiative cooling of the lower layers of the troposphere and contribute to the creation of, for example, an inversion of temperature, mist, haze, dew, frost, and a temperature drop below zero. The occurrence of these phenomena is important in the economic aspect (especially in agriculture) as well as in transport safety. The analysis of changes in the daily amplitude in the long-term course, 1951-2010, will also allow assessing whether climate conditions change, since the daily amplitude is an important indicator for the assessment of assessing oceanic and continental climate features. In the article, the area of north-western Poland was selected for the analysis. This is the area where, besides the impact of the ocean and land, the Baltic Sea exerts an influence on shaping some of the characteristics of the air temperature distribution. Atmospheric circulation and related advection of air masses, transport of water vapour in the lower atmosphere, development of convective movements and gradual transformation of air masses on the way from the Atlantic coast causing an increase in the thermal continentalism towards the east, play an important role here. The study was based on 24-hour air temperature data for 13 stations within the period of 1951-2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]