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The regional features of the current condition of irrigated lands Zhambyl region were considered and an assessment of trends in their changes for the period from 2008 to 2017. An analysis of the technical condition of the irrigation network and the use of water resources was carried out for agricultural purposes. A regional dynamic analysis of irrigation water intake and its losses was carried out during transportation. The change of the structure of the sown areas of irrigated agricultural crops was determined depending on the degree of water availability for Zhambyl region for 2008-2017. The solve of objectives will lead to the development a scientifically based system of actions aimed at increasing the productivity of agricultural crops and ensuring the southern and central regions of Kazakhstan, reducing water losses during irrigation and improving the ecological and ameliorative state of irrigated land. The solve of objectives will allow to the development a scientifically based system of actions aimed at increasing the productivity of agricultural crops and providing the southern and central regions of Kazakhstan, reducing water losses during irrigation and improving the ecological and ameliorative condition of irrigated land. Field track research methods, observation methods at key sites using standardized forms of description and remote sensing data were the main forms of studying the condition irrigated land. Methods of mathematical processing of statistical data and time series, the comparative-geographical method were used for assessment of the dynamic trends of irrigated land [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to a nuclear power station accident in Chernobyl the soil, agricultural crops and biomass were contaminated by radiocaesium, in other words radioactive caesium (137Cs) within the Czech Republic. Focused on long - term contamination, the most important element is the radiocaesium (137Cs), which is absorbed by both the human organism and the plants and is still deposited in the upper layers of the soil. Experience not only from the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters has shown that public access to up - to - date information on the radiation situation is an essential prerequisite for gaining and maintaining public confidence in crisis situations and its participation in implementing the necessary safeguards. Therefore, in selected locations of the Moravian - Silesian Region, the dose rate (the value of the power equivalent of the gamma radiation dose equivalent) by the Safecast bGeigie Nano was determined in cooperation with the State Institute for Radiation Protection. The equipment was leased to State Institute for Radiation Protection, Prague, Czech Republic for the purpose of the project. The detector part is a Geiger - Müller (GM) detector with a high - voltage source and the relevant electronics. The detector is a pancake type, specifically LND 7317 type from American company LND, Inc. The instrument was used to record the most significant sources of radiation of gamma - natural nuclides 226Ra, uranium isotopes (238U, 235U), 232Th and 40K (and products of their decay) or 137Cs from Chernobyl nuclear disaster. This data was evaluated in the GIS environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model of hunting adopted in Poland generates disputes that arise as a result of conflicting interests of farmers whose crops are destroyed by game animals and the national desire to preserve the environment in its natural form as well as the necessity to compensate for the damage to those crops. As there is no legal definition of agricultural crops in the Polish law this study aims to determine the meaning of the term "agricultural crop". The research was mainly based on empirical and, if necessary, on the formal - dogmatic methods which were used to analyse a selected group of rulings of the Supreme Court. Conducted analyses lead to the assumption that narrower and broader concepts of "agricultural crop" can be derived. The adoption of one of the above concepts triggers financial consequences as it affect the expenditure of leaseholders and administrators of hunting districts or the State Treasury and in some cases insurance companies due to copensations for the damage caused by game animals. It also stipulates the extent to which the damage suffered by farmers is repaired, which can influence farmers' motivation and readiness to cooperate in the process of environmental protection. The study leads to the conclusion that the broader concept of "agricultural crop" needs to be adopted and a legal definition of this concept should be introduced to the legal system. Finally, the study provides the basis for formulating a draft definition by the author according to which the agricultural crop is any cultivation carried out on the arable land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the south of Romania many forest shelterbelts were established at the middle of last century to protect agricultural crops, railways and roads. Unfortunately, during time, almost all of them were cut down. Few shelterbelts were identified in the Teleorman County (south of Romania) and studied in order to outline that they are protecting roads and railways as main function and they have also a secondary role - protection of agricultural crops. Soil moisture, snow level and the yield of crops were measured on the area protected by shelterbelts. The influence of forest shelterbelts on soil humidity was correlated with the growth of agricultural crops. Positive effects of shelterbelts which protect the roads and railways were emphasized in case of wheat and sunflower crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]