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The breeding value of the selection candidates is the criterion on which the best individuals are retained for breeding, corresponding to proportion of the selected individuals. When the livestock is grown in an ecological system, the only leverage by which meat production can be increased is the use of the individuals with the highest genetic merit. The average of breeding values of selected individuals coincides with genetic progression on generation, implicitly with the growing production in the considered trait. In this context, in order to achieve high fish production, both quantitatively and qualitatively, a genetic evaluation method should be used to maximize the likelihood of identifying the most valuable individuals by their genetic merit. Two selection methods have been used in this research: own performance and intra-family selection. The biological material was consisted of 50 descendants from 5 mothers and 10 fathers. The average number of descendants on the mother family is 5 and on the father, family is 10. Prior to estimating the breeding value, the genetic and environmental parameters of the respective traits were calculated. Thus, heritability ranged between 0.16 and 0.187 for body weight, 0.164 and 0.189 for body depth, and 0.15 and 0.189 for standard body length. The common environmental correlation ranged between 0.23 and 0.21 for body weight, 0.25 and 0.21 for body depth, 0.22 and 0.21 for standard body length. Concerning the breeding value, in the first year of measurement, the results ranged between -1.35 and +1.69 for body weight, -2.89 and +3.51 for body depth and -6.12 and +7.08 for standard body length, trough own performance selection. When using intra-family selection, for the body weight, the breeding values ranged between -0.84 and +0.86, -1.79 and +2.11 for body depth and -3.99 and +4.47 for standard body length. In the second and third year of measurement the breeding values increased with the evolution of the age of the fish, so for the body weight in the second year ranged between -33.76 and +44.31, based on own performances, and for the intra- family selection between -24.61 and +27.18. The selection accuracy was 0.397 based on own performance and 0.23 based on intra-family selection. In conclusion, between the two investigated methods of breeding value estimation of the studied traits, are not observed significant differences and it is recommended own performances as selection method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to present the interspecific relationships between fish and cormorants from Comana Pond and Putu-Greci ponds. Also, it is presented the dynamic of the ichtyofauna, during 2011-2017 years, in Comana Nature Park, on the watercourses of the Neajlov River, Comana Pond or Neajlov Delta, Gurbanu River and Putu-Greci Ponds. The Comana Pond, with area of 1200 hectares, in 2011 suffered a major intervention on the habitat characteristic of wetland, namely an ecological reconstruction, by constructing a low-rise dam. Reconstruction has been beneficial because permanent water glow has reached up to 40% of its surface, with plenty of high-glistening water in the pond, favoring bird species characteristic of the aquatic environment and including the ichtyofauna by expanding the feeding and reproduction habitat. By increasing the habitat characteristic of wetlands and by improving breeding and feeding conditions, Comana Pond has attracted an impressive number of characteristic bird species of the aquatic environment. Starting in 2015, it has mainly begun to monitor the ichthyofauna in all wetlands of the Comana Nature Park, including the Comana Pond, and secondly it started to monitor the species of birds of prey, focusing on the Phalacrocorax carbo and Microcarbo pygmaeus. Phalacrocorax carbo is listed under the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement and in Europe is listed in 245 Special Protection Areas. Microcarbo pygmaeus is listed on Appendix I of the Convention on Migratory Species and is covered by the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement. It is listed under Annex II of the Bern Convention and Annex I of the EU Birds Directive, and it is currently listed within 182 Important Bird Areas in Europe. According with results, during the monitored period it has increase the number of fish and bird species. The monitoring of predatory bird species provides valuable information about ichthyofauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pig breeding is a profitable activity for small and large farms, being currently influenced in an increasing extent, by the international competition in this area. As a result, pig breeders must keep pace with changing technologies and production techniques to maintain the competitiveness of their farms. Also, it is necessary to take into account the new European regulations, particularly those relating to the environmental protection, the comfort of animal and food safety. The objective of this paper represents the analysis of the possibility of reducing toxic emissions in swine farms using volcanic tuff and reducing the protein content of compound feed recipes, given that the essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan) were maintained at relatively constant levels through the addition of synthetic amino acids. The experiments were conducted over 25 days on a total of 90 Large White breed pigs at the growing fattening period, which had an average weight of 43 kg. The protein level of the compound feed recipes administered in the food of the two experimental batches was of 16.56% and 15.79%, being reduced from that of the control batch (17.50%). The two compound feed recipes were supplemented with synthetic amino acids represented by L-lysine, DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-tryptophan, given that energy level was constant at all three batches. Also in the compound feed recipes administered to the experimental batches was added the volcanic tuff at a rate of 2% and 4% respectively. In terms of productive performances was noted at the experimental batches a slight decrease in the average daily gain, an increase in average daily feed intake, which made the specific consumption to grow, but the differences were not significant. There has been an increase in backfat thickness at the experimental batches, although the energy level of the compound feed was maintained constant (approximately 3100 kcal ME/kg). This would be a negative aspect, as the consumer of pork meat requires a low-fat meat and with appropriate organoleptic, nutritional, hygienic and technological qualities. At the end of the experimental period there was a decrease in the amount of nitrogen removed by faeces and urine in the case of compound feed consumption with low levels of protein, while the proportion of nitrogen retained in the body of pigs was relatively close at the three experimental batches, which would suggest that the addition of essential amino acids may influence the protein metabolism in the body. It found a slight increase in the dry matter content of faeces, which made the manure volume to decrease due to lower water content. In conclusion, it can be stated that the use of synthetic amino acids in combination with volcanic tuff can be a solution for reducing pollutants from pigs manure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the diversity of parasites species identified on cultured fish species, the degree of infestation and the epizootological state in nine fish farms (most of them producing fish fry for stocking other fish farms). These farms are located in five counties in the south of Romania (Argeş, Dâmbovița, Teleorman, Giurgiu and Călăraşi). A total of 653 fish were investigated. The fish species belong to two fish families namely Cyprinydae: Abramis brama, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius gibelio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Polyodontidae: Polyodon spathula. The fish aged 1 to 4 years: (0+; one summer age), 1 year (1 - 1+; second summer age), 2 years (2 - 2+; third summer age), 3 years (3 - 3+; fourth summer age) and 4 years old. This study identified a total of 27 species of parasites (20 ectoparasites and 7 endoparasites). These parasites belonging to the following systematic groups: Fungi (2), Protista (12), Platyhelminthes (6), Nemathelminthes (1), Mollusca (1), Arthropoda (5). The most parasites species were found on bighead carp, silver carp, grass carp and common carp (11-15 taxa). The control of fish diseases has a positive effect on animal and human health and welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive swine farming industry is an activity that provides necessary of meat for the entire population, activity that shows a permanent upward dynamics. The current paper aims to make available to the livestock farmers a complex technology, easy to be integrated into the actual production chain, enabling the substantial reduction of particulate matter emissions within swine farms and limiting the risk of air and groundwater contamination from the farms storage areas of manure. The proposed technology is based on using an absorbent ecological mineral represented by the microporous volcanic tuff of granulation < 600 microns into two key points of the growth of young swine sector, namely the introduction of the absorbent mineral as an additive in animal feed and the equipping the testing hall with filtered elements for water troughs. The researches were conducted on a total number of 150 heads of young Large White swine with the weight of 10.58-11.43 kg, distributed homogeneously according to the weight and to the sex ratio into three batches, namely a control batch and two experimental batches and the duration of the experience was of about 50 days. The compound feeds given to the young swine covered all the parameters of the nutritional requirements, the difference between the compound feed recipes taken from the piglets from the control batch and the experimental batches consisting in the addition of volcanic tuff by a rate of 3% and 6% respectively. It was notified a reduction in air pollution of the hall, namely the ammonia concentration decreased for the experimental batches by 40%, 55% respectively, while the hydrogen sulfide decreased by 8%, 16% respectively. Moreover, the mortality decreased (7.5% for the control batch, while for the experimental batches by 6.2% and 4.7%) and the illnesses in the case of the batches for which the feed containing the volcanic tuff as an additive was used, that contributed to the obtaining at the end of experimental period a bigger body weight for the piglets of the experimental batches by 3.5% and 4.1% respectively, in terms of specific consumption decrease by approximately 0.3-0.6%. The metabolic effect of the volcanic tuff addition as an additive in the compound feed recipes administered to swine youth manifested through a decrease in water content of the casing (by 1.8-2.5% compared to the control batch) and of fat (between 6.5% and 8.3%), an increase in the protein content (by 3.5%, 4.6% respectively compared to the control batch), and the ash content remained approximately constant for all the three batches. By analyzing the slurry in the halls, it was observed a decrease in the ammonium, nitrites and nitrates contents, the emissions of polluting factors being associated with the metabolism of piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable fisheries and aquaculture have a positive effect on species and the environment and brings real benefits to consumers. To ensure bio resources for future generations, scientific research of carp culture have shown that it can realize high production, if it respects certain conditions of growth medium and breed performance. The study is to highlight the separate and combined action of environmental factors on the growth performance of juveniles of Ropsa carp breed. The experiment was performed in the water basins of Fisheries and Aquaculture Laboratory, Animal Science Faculty of Bucharest and consisted in reproducing the concrete situations of variation of feed quantity, water temperature and pH. Justification of carp breed chosen is that it is appreciated by local consumers and it has a good resistance to environmental and feeding conditions. The experiment lasted 180 days/year and consisted in monitoring the weight gain of 270 individuals. The statistical processing of the results was performed based on a three factorial biometric model, including temperature, pH and feed quantity, each factor having three levels of implementation. Thus, the feed quantity was 71.5 g/individual; 310 g/individual, 330 g/individual; water temperature: 15 Celsius degree, 25 Celsius degree and 20 Celsius degree; water pH: 6.5, 7 and 8. Analysis of variance showed that the interaction between temperature and pH has a significant influence on the growth of individuals (F=2.6496*) and feeding conditions are decisive to achieving economic and biological efficiency (F=1196.2486***). Monitoring and controlling of these factors contribute to the welfare of individuals and food safety. The control of these factors has a positive impact on the entire biocoenosis by maintaining integrity of trophic network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study represents a step in a comprehensive research study of specific aquatic flora and fauna for ROSCI0066 Danube Delta-Marine Area site developed over several years. The final result of the research will be the development of a plan of management measures for biodiversity conservation in this area. The phytoplankton is a fundamental link in the trophic chain and is one of the indicators to assess the status aquatic ecosystem. To assess the qualitative and quantitative structure of Phytoplankton in vernal season 2012 has been used samples collected from marine area with plastic water sampler (Niskin type). The qualitative structure of phytoplankton was characterized by the presence of 41 species belonging to 7 algal taxonomic groups: Bacillariophyta, Dinoflagellata, Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria, Chrysophyta, Euglenophyta and Cryptophyta. The diatoms have dominated the number of qualitative structure of phytoplankton species in most study areas, their share ranging between 18% and 53%. The dinoflagellates were the second group that diversity, the proportion ranging from 6% and 44%. Marine waters from ROSCI0066 site, in vernal season 2012, were characterized by values of densities of 48 - 4300⋅10³ cells-1 and 0.04 to 1.62 g⋅m-3for biomasses. The diatoms have dominated for more than 72% in density and 43% in biomass. In conclusion the phytoplankton is not presented as an integral whole viable, but is rather the appearance of a heterogeneous floating tanatocenosis. It seems that in the site ROSCI0066 Danube Delta-Marine Area not exists a specific phytoplankton; the mixed waters from here are always pushed by winds and currents in all directions, especially towards South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is part of a larger study of the ichthyofauna research in ROSCI0066 Danube Delta-Marine Area site, developed over several years, contributing to the development of a plan of management measures for biodiversity conservation in this area. To achieve an complete inventory of present ichthyofauna in an important site in the Natura 2000 network have been achieved scientific fishing expeditions, as required current legislation. To study the ichthyophauna has been used the method of randomized samples extracted, which is a part of the overall population and provides useful information to characterize the entire population. After species identification and performing counting measurements were analyzed class structure length, weight and age, according to a specific methodology. Fish catches have revealed greater diversity in the Sahalin area where they have been 8 fish species of which 5 with commercial importance. Sprat was in large quantities in all catches; turbot, alose and sturgeons were underrepresented. Weak representation of alose and sturgeons could be the consequence of reproduction migration. Data obtained are considered preliminary, and further research will show correctly the real situation in the ROSCI0066 Danube Delta-Marine Area site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive/industrial growth activity of animals is one of the major sources of greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) - 18% of the global emissions (according to the FAO estimation). The greenhouse potential of NO2 is over 300 times greater than that of CO2. It is estimated that two thirds of the agricultural greenhouse gases emissions is due to NO2 resulted from the decomposition of litter. By applying the volcanic tuff in bedding at a rate of 40% and 3-5% in compound food for turkey broilers, much of the nitrogen compounds that result from the breakdown of food protein, are retained in the pores of the adsorbent. In the absence of the absorbent, they contaminate the environment, mainly in two ways - by volatilization (about 40-50%) contaminates the atmosphere and the elution (about 25-30%) contaminate water sources. Only 20-25% of the initial nitrogen content of animal litter reaches (in terms of current technology) to be used as nutrients by plants. The beneficial action of volcanic tuff consists of massive retention of nitrogen compounds in the pores (contaminant stabilization) and their gradual release into soil, in the rate at which plants can use this source of nutrients. Thus, from a major source of pollution, nitrogen compounds from litter can become a good source of natural fertilizer, much more efficient than at present. During the realized tests, the average decrease in mortality is 18% in the experimental batch compared to the control batch. Moreover, there was a positive evolution, regarding the weight at the final slaughter, the experimental batch having a weight average with 3.8% higher than the control batch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia poisoning causes significant production losses in livestock farming of carp. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to assess the causes of ammonia poisoning, as well as the disorders that may occur in body of fish. The researches were conducted in six ponds located in Ilfov region, populated with carp (Cyprinus carpio). During the experiment it was noted the correlation between ammonia poisoning of fish and the pH values and temperature of water. The increase of the pH value and the water temperature prevents removal from the body of ammonia resulted from protein metabolism, as well as it accelerates the transformation of ammonium ions into ammonia and the introduction of it in the carp's body. Ammonia poisoning causes serious disorders at blood level, respectively it reduces the number of erythrocytes, the value of hematocrit and that of haemoglobin and it increases the concentration of ammonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]