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The article presents researches on the use of drones in agriculture. Going away from military and espionage applications, like many other inventions of mankind, drones have finally come to peaceful applications. The inclusion of top technologies in the construction and endowment of drones has made these devices very useful in many applications, such as: industry, agriculture, health, civil engineering, environmental protection, local administrations, security and guarding, transport, etc. In the literature, various methods of using drones that will revolutionize agriculture are formulated, as follows: soil and field analysis, planting, spraying crops, crop monitoring, irrigation, crop health assessment and remote sensing. Agricultural drones ensure permanent crop monitoring from planting to harvesting. Data collected by drones is translated into useful and easy to understand information by farmers, due to specific algorithms. Highresolution images and data taken by drones that fly over farmland are collected and transmitted in cloud, or are provided to customers, who can analyze them using their own instruments or specialized software. Due to these data, the user can select the desired information and can perform different treatment maps, depending on the operation, which the farmer wishes to perform in the field. Maps can then be loaded on the agricultural equipment, which will adjust accordingly, the amount of raw materials (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides) applied in the field. The mapping tasks and the management of the activities of the crops administration treatment have been partly taken over by drones from the GPS satellite systems. The crops most closely supervised with drones are: cereals, legumes, rapeseed and sunflower, then orchards and vineyards. The drones collect information about plant status and perform analyzes of these stages. The resulting data is communicated to farmers, in order to quickly assess the situation in the field and apply appropriate treatments when is needed, in order to reduce the damage caused by diseases or pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of computers has become very popular, the interaction between man and machine is indispensable every day. People's need and desire to communicate with machines naturally led to the evolution of natural language processing. While progress is being made in this area, it is likely that voice interaction systems will replace most portable and digital devices such as keyboards, card readers, etc. This paper presents the main paradigms for speaker recognition, being one of the most important and needed biometric feature and it also focuses on the use of these biometric technology for interactive voice response system for agriculture assistance to farmers. Agriculture has been the primary occupation of human being. Generally farmers do not have the scientific information or competence to find out the cause and solution of any situation that could appear as diseases of their animals or even crops, behavioral features etc. They could have difficulties with understanding machine language or even typing. To facilitate the farmer’s access to information regarding the solution of a specific kind of livestock or crops matter this paper proposes a concept of an interactive voice response system through their mobile phones; a model with voice response in many languages. This model will be advantageous in following conditions: for people with disabilities, people with few PC knowledge or even those who are very busy. Biometric recognition or, simply, biometrics refers to the automatic recognition of individuals based on their physiological and/or behavioral characteristics. The voice is a physiological feature (each person has a different vocal tract), but the recognition of a speaker is mainly based on the study of how it speaks, usually classified as behavioral. Speech recognition is a multi-application domain: security of any kind, telecommunication, daily activities, and now it could be used in agricultural situation. Speech Recognition summarizes a variety of issues such as recognizing isolated words, identifying speakers based on their voice tag, recognizing phonemes, etc. The utility of identifying people based on their voice is growing with the development of automation and telecommunication, and, also regarding the new-entry telephone line applications, the need to recognize the speaker has become more pressing. Speech recognition has a particularly high applicability due to the fact that this method is non-intrusive, universally accepted, with acceptable accuracy, and speech samples are easily sampled either by phone or by microphone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a structural model of the smart farm to improve environmental protection. This model is based on a digital platform that integrates all the elements that participate directly or indirectly in decision-making into agricultural farm. An intelligent farm must manage optimally and efficiently in the spirit of sustainable agriculture and environmental protection the following components: agricultural lands, farm energy balance, inputs and outputs in accordance with the applicable regulations and environmental protection. Thus, this ensures mainly: - The optimal structure of agricultural crops and efficient rotation of these crops; - The optimized map of application of general inputs (chemical and natural fertilizers, etc.) - Optimization of the usage of the energy sources: tractor, electric power, photovoltaic energy, wind energy and other kind of renewal energy; - Optimization of the machinery (installed power, performant types, costs); - Optimization of the energy type, depending on activities, operations, etc.; - Energy efficiency through the use of combined resources; - Optimization of technologies; - Optimization of cost-benefit; - Framing into environmental norms; - Social responsibility. The informational elements and equipment are presented together with the sensors involved in development of an informational framework. Developing on a digital platform will be able to contribute to making decision and increasing the agricultural yield and environmental protection. At the same time, the platform can be a means of command and control of all components and equipment used in a farm. A special attention will be given to the next databases that can be as follows: - Traceability GIS databases: maps with the historic of cultures location, maps with the historic of agriculture yields; maps with the historic of nutrients and phytosanitary treatments distribution; - GIS databases with exploitations: yields maps; soil properties maps; maps with needed irrigations; maps and files for command and control of nutrients distribution and phytosanitary treatments using adequate equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of soil properties is based on soil sampling with low resolution (1- 2 or more samples per hectare) and their analysis in the laboratory. This method does not provide sufficient data to highlight the significant variability of the soil properties for the analysed parcel. This leads to a uniform distribution of the nutrients that can also be synthetic chemical substances (pollutants). Since the soil properties can influence plants growth, high-resolution mapping is required by the help of some sensors mounted on systems in motion, correlated with the GPS spatial location, in order to collect data. On the other hand, it allows distribution of the nutrients locally, according to the necessary, and thus obtaining nutrients and fuel economy that has positive effects on the environment. In addition, other adverse effects are added, due to the intensive usage of heavy machinery with several crossings through the farmland, which causes degradation of the soil structure and possible increase of soil compaction. A solution to all these problems consists of combining multiple sensors into a single system simultaneously. The paper presents the combining mode of the sensors in motion, in order to determine the soil properties with implementation to a pH sensor. The soil pH is an important indicator in determining the necessary of nutrients in the soil and is in correlation with agricultural production. In this paper are also presented the architecture of a measuring module in motion with pH sensor, the command and control algorithm and the interfacing with other measuring modules for other types of sensors, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of the structural models convergence, rezulted from CAD (Computer Aided Design ), based on method of estimation. The study of the structural models convergence presented a method based on the convergence, in the sense of mathematical analysis, adapted to finite strings. The convergence estimators are status sizes that characterize the response of the structural model to the given load. As convergence estimators can be used sizes that characterize the response of the structure, like follows: relative displacements (translations, rotations), specific strains, equivalent stress (Von Mises), components of the displacement velocity vector, local sizes that characterize cinematic phenomena, components of the acceleration vector, local sizes which characterize dynamic phenomena: the temperature in the body, etc. For the convergence study of a problem, one can use a single mathematical model for a given structural analysis problem. The mathematical model is resolved by numerical or analytical methods, refining the meshing, respectively, increasing the number of the series terms, until it touches the convergence. More models can also be used for a problem. Each model is refines until the results, in terms of the convergence estimators, are close enough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the results obtained by applying a study method of the convergence of structural models, for the particular case of a structural model from the geotechnical domain. For this purpose, is used the study method of the structural models convergence, already widely used in the field of research and CAD - CAE design. For a larger relevance and utility is presented the convergence study of a structural model for a ground section to which it applies a uniform load. The problem of ground compaction is solved by using the finite element method. Is applied a study method of the convergence of the structural model in order to estimate more accurate the stress and compaction of the soil, while reducing as much as possible the computational effort. This simple example demonstrates the need for the study of convergence. Two important reasons underlying the need for this study. The first is the satisfying accuracy of the expected results. The second reason relates to the formation of the experience to choose the meshing step for users of such as programs. In essence, the two requirements can be synthetically expressed by obtaining an optimal meshing (broadly) so as to obtain the necessary results with desired precision in the shortest time possible. Through the study presented in this article, we hope to open debates on convergence structural models in geotechnical, at least as interesting as those of the CAD-CAE domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the structure of an e-learning system and applications designed and adapted to help the internet users to easy access to knowledges and courses, in order to improve the public awareness on environmental management and protection. The e-learning system has been developed using web technology and database programming in open-source software system, which allows easy updating and maintenance of the information contained. The e-learning platform includes actively and directly usable, updated information about the environment, relevant, representing an easy tool for: - Improving the public awareness for management and environmental protection; - Environmental knowledge transfer to specialized training environments, organizations with environmental impact and other stakeholders and also to the public. Based on the web platform for self-training and on-line assistance training, the target groups (environmental specialists from environmental organizations, as well as those from organization with environmental impact, higher education and the environmental education, general public, secondary and gymnasium school, etc.) will be trained in management and environmental protection. Beside of self-learning, the web platform users have unlimited access to a lot of interest aspects on environmental management and protection, like: legislation in domain, diverse types of management systems, links to the others specially sites, a discussion forum, cases studies, presentation of technologies for solving the environmental problems, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment is in continuous transformation because of human action and natural factors. The human society is beneficiary of the environment, which through its activity and creation can produce harmful or beneficial effects on it. This paper presents a the structure and application for a spatial database based on GIS (Geographic Information System) with environmental impact effects and phenomena, designed and adapted to help the public to easy know the effects and consequences of harmful practices in interaction with the environment. GIS database will be available online under web platform and allows online access to locations with environmental impact and problems. The structure contains layers and geographical information. The interaction and administration of the database will by assured by web interfaces. The applications will be based on analysis of a county from Romania. In terms of structural, conceptual and application level, it can be adapted to a region of any European country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]