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Automobile sector started shifting its dependency from fossil fuel to electrical energy for the last few decades to mitigate the adverse environmental scenario like global warming, air pollution etc. Due to this, battery is emerging as the new source of power. At the same time, use of bikes for city transportation has been growing at a high rate in developed countries. For a heavily congested mega city like Dhaka, electric bikes can provide a better alternative to traditional fossil fuel vehicles. They are not only cost effective but also faster and can contribute to improved public health outcomes. With such background study, an initiative was taken to fabricate an electric bike. This paper presents a study of its chassis design and analysis. Triangulation was used as the basis of the design since this concept provides the best structural strength. Mechanical properties such as stress, strain and deformation at critical locations within the fabricated chassis was compared with numerical results obtained from the state-of-the-art FEA software ANSYS. The validated numerical method allowed to simulate the dynamic performance of the chassis by predicting the forces on the structural member during acceleration and braking. It is expected that the developed numerical methodology will allow to conduct exploratory designs with confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study an integrated inventory model for a single-vendor and a single-buyer considering environmental issues. The carbon emissions generated by both parties and involving the third-party logistics (TPL). A TPL collects the product in the vendor's warehouse and sends to the buyer's warehouse using an electric vehicle. The lead-time depends on the time of production, transportation, loading-unloading, and in-transit. We adopt Wangsa et al. (2020)'s algorithm to find the optimal decision variables, i.e., the order quantity, number of shipments, safety factor, lead-time, and total emission quantity. We construct and compare two cases, namely the fossil fuel-equipment based on model of Wangsa et al. (2020) and the electric-powered model in the numerical example section. From the comparison of the result, we conclude that the integrated total cost under the electricpowered is lower than the fossil fuel-equipment with cost saving around 13-14%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from marginal to dominant renewable energy systems in electricity generation globally has posed new challenges in terms of intermittency, variability, uncertainty and low-reliability. This situation has led to a significant supply-demand gap in terms of temporal mismatch (times of supply and demand) and quantity mismatch (high supply with low demand, and vice versa). These mismatches lead to several issues, including surplus or insufficient electricity generation, erratic grid operation, etc. Hence, the electricity planners have to match "dynamic supply with dynamic demand.". In managing such a transitioning electricity system, the planning from the electricity supply side requires efficient management of existing electric power systems, on rationalizing generation portfolios. Therefore, to address these decisions, we have developed a generic linear programming-based optimisation model that dynamically balances supply and demand at least cost. In addition to achieving this objective of dynamic supply-demand balance, the model is designed to evaluate all the supply-side options and arrive at a least-cost generation portfolio. This would enable an RE dominated electricity taking in to account the inherent challenges associated with renewable energy integration. The model is validated using data from the electricity system of Karnataka, India where actual data was compared to modelled outputs for the calendar year 2019. Precision metrics, which measures standard error, were used to assess the model's accuracy. The results indicated that the standard error ranged from ±10%, which is within acceptable limits. This model can be effectively used for electricity transition planning and can provide critical inputs to policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro grids constitute the ultimate form of decentralized electricity, heat and cold supply whose operations separated from the main distribution system i.e. autonomous or connected to the distribution system i.e. grid-connected. Gridconnected micro grid can be of help during a system fault, by supplying power to the main distribution system, feeding part of its loads for fault detection and service restoration. Micro grids have emerged as a competitive alternative to the final delivery of energy to consumers in combination with on-site production of heat. Distributed generation grouped in micro grids can introduce a richer set of tools for supply of o heat and power, at higher reliability, security, flexibility and power quality in the conventional grid. A micro grid is typically managed through a central controller that monitors the system parameters, coordinates energy resources, balances loads and controls electrical loads, and disconnects and reconnects of the micro grid to the primary grid. Micro grids with no central controller are not common but are technically feasible, with distributed energy resource having an individual controller and the individual controllers operate in a coordinated manner. Micro grids can be an effective option to increase the energy resilience, by providing a functional electric power system capable of operating independently of the main grid. The main grid usually supplies primary power, while the micro grid provides secondary dispatchable power in the event of a grid failure. Emergency diesel generators can provide power directly to loads in the event failure of the primary grid and the micro grid. Proper design and planning of microgrids is important for them to yield all the advantages of the distributed energy concept for the power systems, both local and the clinked central power system. This calls for a reliability -oriented design for microgrids that utilise a large share of the variable and intermittent renewable energy-based, and power electronics-interfaced distributed energy resources. Experience has shown that the power electronics used are prone to wear-out failure and can potentially have adverse effects on the on the performance of the entire power electrics dominated power system. The many benefits associated with application of microgrids have contributed to their significant growth and penetration in decentralized power generation globally. However, challenges are still encountered with respect to design, operation and control for both island and on grid mode of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substations, which are part of electric power systems are ubiquitous, versatile and serve virtually all sectors and industries. These are essential high voltage units utilized to power and reliably operate facilities in the Oil and Gas industry. However, this available electricity also poses several electrical hazards to personnel and assets such as arc flashes, electric shocks, fires and explosions. Managing electrical fire risks is of growing significance since as per NFPA it is the leading cause of fire accidents costing personnel to suffer from severe injuries to fatalities and asset damages in a multi-million-dollar business. This study examines the numerous substation electrical fire risks. In addition, it explores the current management practices within ADNOC by conducting a gap assessment to identify the major gaps for managing these risks and in turn, benchmark to adopt the best practices being implemented internationally (such as NFPA and IEEE). Therefore, assisting in developing a framework that will outdo and optimize the current management practices. The designed framework primarily proposes establishing an Electrical Safety Committee and conducting a Failure Mode and Effect Analysis to manage these emerging electrical fires risks within the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional method of electric power generation in diesel power plants involves running of a generator directly coupled to an engine which releases exhaust gases at high temperature to the atmosphere. This is wasteful as recoverable heat energy is wasted to the environment through exhaust heat and the engine cooling and lubrication system. In this, a study performance analysis was done to determine the performance of the 120 MW Kipevu III power plant and feasibility of developing a cogeneration plant using a Rankine cycle steam turbine with exhaust gas boiler for waste heat to steam conversion. It was established that about 10 MW extra electric power can be generated by developing a Rankine cycle cogeneration plant from the combined 119.7 MW Kipevu III diesel engine power plant hence 8.4% extra electric power. This will lead to dual benefit more power output and hence revenue, reduced impact on the environment by avoiding use of extra oil to generate up to 8 MW power and reduced cost of power because of lower specific fuel generation and profits on fuel energy consumed. Therefore, cogeneration is a more efficient use of fuel in diesel engine power plants with financial, energy and environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diesel power generators have critical the task of providing electricity for industrial purposes, either as backup power or main power. One function that plays a very important role in ensuring the smooth implementation of production activities is the maintenance of machines and other production facilities. One of the maintenance methods that is often applied in various manufacturing industries is preventive maintenance. However, there is a limited study that evaluates the depth of common preventive maintenance implementation in Indonesia. This research is designed to fill the gap by evaluating and mapping the depth of preventive maintenance between the different sizes of diesel power generators. The research provides a summary of the depth of preventive maintenance implementation on conduct maintenance planning and scheduling, component replacement, condition monitoring, and maintenance evaluation. Moreover, there is no significant difference between the size of the diesel power generator and the percentage conducted maintenance aspect. So that it can be ascertained that all respondents from various types of manufacturing industries carry out preventive maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electricity supply chain consists of three components; electricity generation, transmission and distribution (T&D) system, and the end-user stage. CO2 emissions from electricity generation are caused by the burning of fossil fuels. Unjustified end-users and electricity losses in the T&D system increase electricity production, which of course indirectly contributes to further emissions. Consequently, this study presents the state of the electricity supply chain in Libya and measures taken to reduce emissions. The analysis shows that efforts are currently being made to diversify the energy mix and to exploit the potential of solar and wind energy. Low carbon fuels and combined cycle technologies remain key sources of electricity generation. In the T&D system, Libya has built a strong transmission system and strict design criteria have been applied. Libya is working on the establishment of Energy Demand Management (EDM), where some power plants have installed EDM-related equipment. Further efforts are needed to reduce technical and non-technical losses. In the end-user stage, per capita electricity consumption corresponds to 3.73MWh, which is considered to be the largest energy consumer in Africa. There is no time-differentiated price that would encourage consumers to switch from peak hours. Libya is currently preparing a national energy efficiency action plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]