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The paper is devoted to coverings by translative homothets and illuminations of convex bodies. For a given positive number $\alpha$ and a convex body $B$, $g_{\alpha}(B)$ is the infimum of $\alpha$-powers of finitely many homothety coefficients less than 1 such that there is a covering of $B$ by translative homothets with these coefficients. $h_{\alpha}(B)$ is the minimal number of directions such that the boundary of $B$ can be illuminated by this number of directions except for a subset whose Hausdorff dimension is less than $\alpha$. In this paper, we prove that $g_{\alpha}(B)\leq h_{\alpha}(B)$, find upper and lower bounds for both numbers, and discuss several general conjectures. In particular, we show that $h_{\alpha} (B) > 2^{d-\alpha}$ for almost all $\alpha$ and $d$ when $B$ is the $d$-dimensional cube, thus disproving the conjecture from Research Problems in Discrete Geometry by Brass, Moser, and Pach.

In a recent paper, Duncan, Griffin and Ono provide exact formulas for the coefficients of McKay-Thompson series and use them to find asymptotic expressions for the distribution of irreducible representations in the moonshine module V ♮ = ⨁ n V n ♮ V^\natural = \bigoplus _n V_n^\natural . Their results show that as n n tends to infinity, V n ♮ V_n^\natural is dominated by direct sums of copies of the regular representation. That is, if we view V n ♮ V_n^\natural as a module over the group ring Z [ M ] \mathbb {Z}[\mathbb {M}] , the free part dominates. A natural problem, posed at the end of the aforementioned paper, is to characterize the distribution of irreducible representations in the non-free part. Here, we study asymptotic formulas for the coefficients of McKay-Thompson series to answer this question. We arrive at an ordering of the series by the magnitude of their coefficients, which corresponds to various contributions to the distribution. In particular, we show how the asymptotic distribution of the non-free part is dictated by the column for conjugacy class 2A in the monster’s character table. We find analogous results for the other monster modules V ( − m ) V^{(-m)} and W ♮ W^\natural studied by Duncan, Griffin, and Ono.

When ordered by discriminant, it is known that about 83% of quartic fields over Q have associated Galois group S_4, while the remaining 17% have Galois group D_4. We study these proportions over a general number field F. We find that asymptotically 100% of quadratic number fields have more D_4 extensions than S_4 and that the ratio between the number of D_4 and S_4 quartic extensions is biased arbitrarily in favor of D_4 extensions. Under GRH, we give a lower bound that holds for general number fields., Fixed a typo with Theorem 1.3 that is present in the published version of the paper. The main results remain unchanged

This paper is an investigation of the relationship between G\"odel's second incompleteness theorem and the well-foundedness of jump hierarchies. It follows from a classic theorem of Spector's that the relation $\{(A,B) \in \mathbb{R}^2 : \mathcal{O}^A \leq_H B\}$ is well-founded. We provide an alternative proof of this fact that uses G\"odel's second incompleteness theorem instead of the theory of admissible ordinals. We then derive a semantic version of the second incompleteness theorem, originally due to Mummert and Simpson, from this result. Finally, we turn to the calculation of the ranks of reals in this well-founded relation. We prove that, for any $A\in\mathbb{R}$, if the rank of $A$ is $\alpha$, then $\omega_1^A$ is the $(1 + \alpha)^{\text{th}}$ admissible ordinal. It follows, assuming suitable large cardinal hypotheses, that, on a cone, the rank of $X$ is $\omega_1^X$., Comment: 11 pages. Corrects a mistake in the statements of two results

The Schwarz genus g ( ξ ) \mathsf {g}(\xi ) of a fibration ξ : E → B \xi \colon E\to B is defined as the minimal integer n n such that there exists a cover of B B by n n open sets that admit partial sections to ξ \xi . Many important concepts, including the Lusternik–Schnirelmann category, Farber’s topological complexity, and Smale–Vassiliev’s complexity of algorithms can be naturally expressed as Schwarz genera of suitably chosen fibrations. In this paper we study Schwarz genus in relation with certain types of morphisms between fibrations. Our main result is the following: if there exists a fibrewise map f : E → E ′ f\colon E\to E’ between fibrations ξ : E → B \xi \colon E\to B and ξ ′ : E ′ → B \xi ’\colon E’\to B which induces an n n -equivalence between respective fibres for a sufficiently big n n , then g ( ξ ) = g ( ξ ′ ) \mathsf {g}(\xi )=\mathsf {g}(\xi ’) . From this we derive several interesting results relating the topological complexity of a space with the topological complexities of its skeleta and subspaces (and similarly for the category). For example, we show that if a CW-complex has high topological complexity (with respect to its dimension and connectivity), then the topological complexity of its skeleta is an increasing function of the dimension.

In this paper we extend a result of Levin, who proved a lower bound on the star discrepancy of generalized Halton sequences in positive integer bases, to rational bases.

In this paper, we prove the following “weak bounded negativity conjecture”, which says that given a complex smooth projective surface X X , for any reduced curve C C in X X and integer g g , assume that the geometric genus of each component of C C is bounded from above by g g ; then the self-intersection number C 2 C^2 is bounded from below.

In this paper we prove a weighted sum formula for multiple harmonic sums modulo primes, thereby proving a weighted sum formula for finite multiple zeta values. Our proof utilizes difference equations for the generating series of multiple harmonic sums. We also conjecture several weighted sum formulas of similar flavor for finite multiple zeta values., Comment: 9 pages

Let $K$ be a homogeneous self-similar set satisfying the strong separation condition. This paper is concerned with the quantitative recurrence properties of the natural map $T: K\rightarrow K$ induced by the shift. Let $\mu$ be the natural self-similar measure supported on $K$. For a positive function $\varphi$ defined on $\mathbb{N}$, we show that the $\mu$-measure of the following set \begin{equation*} R(\varphi):=\{x\in K: |T^n x-x, Comment: 12 pages

Let $T$ be a bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, and let $T \equiv V|T|$ be the polar decomposition of $T$. The mean transform of $T$ is defined by $\widehat{T}:=\frac{1}{2}(V|T|+|T|V)$. In this paper we study the iterates of the mean transform and we define the mean limit of an operator as the limit (in the operator norm) of those iterates. We obtain new estimates for the numerical range and numerical radius of the mean transform in terms of the original operator. For the special class of unilateral weighted shifts we describe the precise relationship between the spectral radius and the mean limit, and obtain some sharp estimates., 13 pages, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. (2018)

By using non-positively curved cubings of prime alternating link exteriors, we prove that certain ideal triangulations of their complements, derived from reduced alternating diagrams, are non-degenerate, in the sense that none of the edges is homotopic relative its endpoints to a peripheral arc. This guarantees that the hyperbolicity equations for those triangulations for hyperbolic alternating links have solutions corresponding to the complete hyperbolic structures. Since the ideal triangulations considered in this paper are often used in the study of the volume conjecture, this result has a potential application to the volume conjecture.

We introduce the notion of the depth of a finite group $G$, defined as the minimal length of an unrefinable chain of subgroups from $G$ to the trivial subgroup. In this paper we investigate the depth of (non-abelian) finite simple groups. We determine the simple groups of minimal depth, and show, somewhat surprisingly, that alternating groups have bounded depth. We also establish general upper bounds on the depth of simple groups of Lie type, and study the relation between the depth and the much studied notion of the length of simple groups. The proofs of our main theorems depend (among other tools) on a deep number-theoretic result, namely, Helfgott's recent solution of the ternary Goldbach conjecture., 15 pages; to appear in Proc. Amer. Math. Soc

Let $(X,D)$ be a log smooth pair of dimension $n$, where $D$ is a reduced effective divisor such that the log canonical divisor $K_X + D$ is pseudo-effective. Let $G$ be a connected algebraic subgroup of $\mathrm{Aut}(X,D)$. We show that $G$ is a semi-abelian variety of dimension $\le \min\{n-\bar{\kappa}(V), n\}$ with $V := X\setminus D$. In the dimension two, Shigeru Iitaka claimed in his 1979 Osaka J. Math. paper that $\dim G\le \bar{q}(V)$ for a log smooth surface pair with $\bar{\kappa}(V) = 0$ and $\bar{p}_g(V) = 1$. We (re)prove and generalize this classical result for all surfaces with $\bar{\kappa}=0$ without assuming Iitaka's classification of logarithmic Iitaka surfaces or logarithmic $K3$ surfaces., Comment: minor changes; to appear in Proceedings of the AMS

A poset is $(\omega,C)$-representable if it can be embedded into a field of sets in such a way that all existing joins, and all existing \emph{finite} meets are preserved. We show that the class of $(\omega,C)$-representable posets cannot be axiomatized in first order logic using the standard language of posets. We generalize this result to $(\alpha,\beta)$-representable posets for certain values of $\alpha$ and $\beta$., Comment: This revised version edits and expands some of the explanatory passages, primarily in the introduction but also elsewhere, and also lightly edits the references. Some proofs have been shortened, though the key ingredients remain the same. The main results are unchanged. This paper is to appear in Proceedings of the AMS. The latest revision corrects some typos

In this paper, it is shown that a Wulff shape is strictly convex if and only if its convex integrand is of class $C^1$. Moreover, applications of this result are given., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures

We consider the following Bezout inequality for mixed volumes: $$V(K_1,\dots,K_r,\Delta[{n-r}])V_n(\Delta)^{r-1}\leq \prod_{i=1}^r V(K_i,\Delta[{n-1}])\ \text{ for }2\leq r\leq n.$$ It was shown previously that the inequality is true for any $n$-dimensional simplex $\Delta$ and any convex bodies $K_1, \dots, K_r$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$. It was conjectured that simplices are the only convex bodies for which the inequality holds for arbitrary bodies $K_1, \dots, K_r$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$. In this paper we prove that this is indeed the case if we assume that $\Delta$ is a convex polytope. Thus the Bezout inequality characterizes simplices in the class of convex $n$-polytopes. In addition, we show that if a body $\Delta$ satisfies the Bezout inequality for all bodies $K_1, \dots, K_r$ then the boundary of $\Delta$ cannot have strict points. In particular, it cannot have points with positive Gaussian curvature., Comment: 8 pages

Let $\mathcal{B}_r$ be the $(r+1)$-dimensional quotient Lie algebra of the positive part of the Virasoro algebra $\mathcal{V}$. Irreducible $\mathcal{B}_r$-modules were used to construct irreducible Whittaker modules in [MZ2] and irreducible weight modules with infinite dimensional weight spaces over $\mathcal{V}$ in [LLZ].In the present paper, we construct non-weight Virasoro modules $F(M, \Omega(\lambda,\beta))$ from irreducible $\mathcal{B}_r$-modules $M$ and $(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{V})$-modules $\Omega(\lambda,\beta)$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the Virasoro module $F(M, \Omega(\lambda,\beta))$ to be irreducible. Using the weighting functor introduced by J. Nilsson, we also we also give the isomorphism criterion for two $F(M, \Omega(\lambda,\beta))$., Comment: The introduction was revised

This paper considers “geometric” ideal triangulations of cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds, i.e. decompositions into positive volume ideal hyperbolic tetrahedra. We exhibit infinitely many geometric ideal triangulations of the figure eight knot complement. As far as we know, this is the first construction of infinitely many geometric triangulations of a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold. In contrast, our approach does not extend to the figure eight sister manifold, and it is unknown if there are infinitely many geometric triangulations for this manifold.

In a recent paper, Chernikov and Starchenko prove that graphs defined in distal theories have strong regularity properties, generalizing previous results about graphs defined by semi-algebraic relations. We give a shorter, purely model-theoretic proof of this fact., 6 pages

In this paper we prove the fusion rules of $L(c_{1,q},0)$ for all $q\geq1$. Roughly speaking, we consider $L(c_{1,q},0)$ as the limitation of $L(c_{n,nq-1},0)$, where $n\rightarrow\infty$, and the fusion rules of $L(c_{1,q},0)$ follow as the limitation of the fusion rules of $L(c_{n,nq-1},0)$., 13pages, many mistakes have been revised

In this paper we prove that if $\chi_{_E}(\xi-\eta)-$ the indicator function of measurable set $E\subseteq \mathbb{R}^d,$ is a bi-linear multiplier symbol for exponents $p,q,r$ satisfying the H\"{o}lder's condition $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=\frac{1}{r}$ and exactly one of $p,q,$ or $r'=\frac{r}{r-1}$ is less than $2,$ then $E$ is equivalent to an open subset of $\mathbb{R}^d.$

Consider the uniform random graph $G(n,M)$ with $n$ vertices and $M$ edges. Erd\H{o}s and R\'enyi (1960) conjectured that the limit $$ \lim_{n \to \infty} \Pr\{G(n,\textstyle{n\over 2}) is planar}} $$ exists and is a constant strictly between 0 and 1. \L uczak, Pittel and Wierman (1994) proved this conjecture and Janson, \L uczak, Knuth and Pittel (1993) gave lower and upper bounds for this probability. In this paper we determine the exact probability of a random graph being planar near the critical point $M=n/2$. For each $\lambda$, we find an exact analytic expression for $$ p(\lambda) = \lim_{n \to \infty} \Pr{G(n,\textstyle{n\over 2}(1+\lambda n^{-1/3})) is planar}.$$ In particular, we obtain $p(0) \approx 0.99780$. We extend these results to classes of graphs closed under taking minors. As an example, we show that the probability of $G(n,\textstyle{n\over 2})$ being series-parallel converges to 0.98003. For the sake of completeness and exposition we reprove in a concise way several basic properties we need of a random graph near the critical point., Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure

Given a number field $K$ and a finite set $S$ of places of $K$, the first main result of this paper shows that the quadratic rational maps $\phi:{\mathbb P}^1\to{\mathbb P}^1$ defined over $K$ which have good reduction at all places outside $S$ comprise a Zariski-dense subset of the moduli space ${\mathcal M}_2$ parametrizing all isomorphism classes of quadratic rational maps. We then consider quadratic rational maps with double unramified fixed-point structure, and our second main result establishes a geometric Shafarevich-type non-Zariski-density result for the set of such maps with good reduction outside $S$. We also prove a variation of this result for quadratic rational maps with unramified 2-cycle structure., Comment: This version fixes a few LaTeX errors

It has been conjectured by Eisenbud, Green and Harris that if $I$ is a homogeneous ideal in $k[x_1,...,x_n]$ containing a regular sequence $f_1,...,f_n$ of degrees $\deg(f_i)=a_i$, where $2\leq a_1\leq ... \leq a_n$, then there is a homogeneous ideal $J$ containing $x_1^{a_1},...,x_n^{a_n}$ with the same Hilbert function. In this paper we prove the Eisenbud-Green-Harris conjecture when $f_i$ splits into linear factors for all $i$.