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Adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) of the cervix is a rare and low-incidence low-grade cervical cancer. In our practice, we encountered a case of cervical ABC with squamous differentiation and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) with gland involvement in the peripheral cervix. Reviewing relevant literature and analyzing its clinical manifestations, pathological morphology, and immunohistochemical characteristics would help deepen the understanding of this malignant tumor, so as to make a comprehensive diagnosis with differential diagnosis and prevent misdiagnosis.

Objective: To analyze the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell therapy on rats with bladder cancer and provide a feasible direction for the treatment of human bladder cancer. Methods: An animal model was constructed, and Model 1 was used as an example. Two groups of rats were injected with anti-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) (experimental group) and 0.9% normal saline (control group), respectively. In vivo imaging was performed to determine the accuracy of the anti-UCNPs method. Results: There were 15 rats in the experimental group with obvious bladder swelling. Among them, 11 rats had cauliflower-like and partially brown bladder tumors, whereas the other four rats had hard, nodular-like protrusions, with indistinct borders and adhesions to the anterior wall of the rectum. Small papillary masses were observed in two rats, local mucosal thickening without tumor formation was observed in two rats, and bladder stones were observed in six rats. The bladder specimens of 15 rats in the control group were pink and shiny, without any tumors. Fourteen rats in the experimental group and 12 rats in the control group had bladder cancer lesions, accounting for 93.33% and 80%, respectively. The detection accuracy of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group. Conclusion: Multimodal nanoprobes targeting bladder cancer stem cells in vivo were used to image the orthotopic tumor and lymph node metastasis models of animals by anti-UCNPs imaging to observe the distribution, migration, and differentiation process of bladder cancer stem cells in model mice. It is clear that rare earth upconversion luminescent nanomaterials, modified by BCMab1 and CD44 monoclonal antibodies, can be used as probes for the detection of bladder cancer, the tracking of lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer, and the comprehensive evaluation of the overall efficacy of nanoprobe-targeted therapy for bladder cancer stem cells.

Objective: To explore the mechanism by which macrophages secrete CCL22 to promote the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer under hypoxic conditions. Methods: 20 ng/mL mass concentration of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) cell culture medium, 4?,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), trypsin digestion solution, CCL18 Kit , Interleukin (IL)-10 Kit, CCL17 Kit, CCL22 Kit, TRIzolTM Reagent Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Kit, triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and BT-549, as well as other reagents were used to culture triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 as well as human mononuclear cells THP-1, analyze and observe the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells to the lungs, the secretion of CCL22, the migration of triple-negative breast cancer, and the situation of CCR4. Results: Compared with normal tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), hypoxic TAM further promoted the migration of tumor cells. The number of tumor metastases in the lungs, induced by hypoxic TAM, was significantly higher than that of normoxic TAM. Hypoxia can significantly stimulate the expression of CCL22. CCL22 can significantly promote the migration of MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells. The expressions of CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5 in tumor tissues were significantly increased compared with normal tissues, in which CCR4 showed the most significant increase. Conclusion: TAM cultured under hypoxia significantly enhanced the migration ability of TNBC cells and promoted the metastasis of cancer cells to the lungs in vivo. The hypoxic condition induced TAM to secrete CCL22; the expression of CCL22 receptor, CCR4, in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues.

In order to study the application effect of prostate stem cell antigen in the treatment of bladder cancer, several literatures have been reviewed in this paper, including the predisposition factors of bladder cancer, clinical treatment methods, progress of prostate stem cell antigen, and nanomaterial probe. This paper presents a feasible method of using luminescent nanomaterials (anti-UCNPs) as biological probes.

Tumor buds are usually defined as isolated single cancer cells or clusters of up to four cancer cells located at the front of invasive tumors which play an important role in the clinical pathological study of colorectal cancer. The prognostic value of tumor budding in colorectal cancer has been supported by a large amount of evidence. However, its molecular mechanism remains unclear, and it is also a research hotspot now. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the molecular mechanisms of tumor budding in colorectal cancer.

Objective: To explore the expression of human myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its relationship with prognosis. Methods: 144 cases of TNBC confirmed by pathology before or after surgery from January 2014 to January 2017 in the First Central Hospital of Baoding City were retrospectively collected. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of MxA protein in TNBC and adjacent breast tissues. According to the expression of MxA protein, 144 TNBC patients were divided into low MxA protein expression group (n = 91) and MxA protein high expression group (n = 53) for subsequent comparison of prognosis of patients in between these two groups. Results: The expression of MxA protein in TNBC tissue was lower than that of adjacent breast tissue, and the difference was statistically significant (P