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With the advance of Massively Parallel Computers usage, the interconnect technology overcomes the limitations of communication as a new concept. One of the most significant challenges in this concept is suitable architecture for these networks’ applications. Recently, x-Folded TM architecture was introduced as a desirable design in interconnection networks. The attractive features for x-Folded TM are less number of links and nodes compared with other architectures. This paper proposes a new mathematical model of x-Folded TM architecture to predict the average network delay under the transpose traffic pattern. Besides the mathematical model derivation for x-Folded TM architecture, we discuss the simulation experiment in x-Folded TM using the same assumptions for the purpose of validation. The mathematical results indicate that the average network delay for x-Folded TM architecture is reduced when compared with other topologies under transpose traffic pattern. The implementation of x-Folded TM architecture relies on simulations to evaluate the performance impact of the architecture as well. Consequently, all results yield the superiority of the x-Folded TM performance compared to the other networks.

Reducing encoding complexity and improving the tradeoff between quality of image and compression ratio are active areas of research in the field of fractal image compression. In this paper two techniques are proposed to reduce the encoding complexity and to improve the PSNR of the reconstructed image. The first method is the prediction of affine transformation, based on the gradient direction of domain and range block using a Tag Matrix and the second involves calculation of score value based on the maximum value of intensity difference of range and domain block. An important merits of this new method is that encoding time is highly reduced and PSNR is also improved than the existing fractal coding techniques. This technique will be very applicable in situation where we have limited storage space and bandwidth but have to store and transmit enormous amount of data.

Steganography is a technology used since years for the communication of messages secretly. These secret messages are put inside honest carriers. Carriers can be digital images, audio files, video files and so on. The limitation in sending concealed longer messages has been overcoming by the inclusion of video files as carriers. Popular internet services such as Skype, BitTorrent, GoogleSuggest, and WLANs are targets of information hiding techniques. Nowadays, plotters are not only using the carriers but also the protocols for communication that regulate the path of the carrier through the Internet. This technique is named Network Steganography.