Search

This paper quantifies machining process inventories based on commonly used techniques in various stages of the detailed design process. We investigate variabilities in process inventories between these techniques and their relation to manufacturing process parameters, which are required for generating machine-level instructions. We also benchmark these process inventory modeling techniques against experimental measurements. We then showcase potential issues of using available process models without properly accounting for product and process differences. Our results caution practitioners against basing their environmental analyses on data collected prior to detailed process planning. We conclude that accurate quantification of machining process inventories requires combining accurate simulation-based models with data-driven estimates for model parameters.

The current increase in road traffic in cities requires innovative, low-emission and flexible solutions for passenger transport on short distances. The main topic of this paper is a customer-oriented digital design process of a self-balanced scooter, which can be used as an individual last-mile means of transport between for example public means of transport and the workplace. Today, individual customer requirements (such as weight, range and cost) still present a major challenge in product development and production planning. Through cross-domain modelling, these requirements can be mapped throughout the entire design process. To create a digital and executable process, the individual steps are defined and domain specific data, such as product design, geometry creation, drive design and production planning need to be stored in a central data model, because only by using this approach a completely consistent and error-free data exchange between the domains is possible. The digital modelling process includes the input from the customer via a graphical user interface, the geometry creation of all components, the production planning, an additive production of the frame, the final assembly and the cost calculation. In addition, the product complexity can be reduced by centralizing the model information and the variety of variants during product development and the following process steps can be mastered and represented. The integration of production planning and cost modelling allows to directly derive the product price, the production time and the delivery time of the self-balanced scooters from the digital design process model. A further research goal is to develop the model-based integration of the different domains of the product life cycle and thus to investigate the digital design process. This means that the entire design process accelerates and robust and congruent planning results can be achieved. These results can be evaluated based on different domain-specific key figures.

Augmented Reality (AR) has been a focus of research in the field of production for many years with the goal to improve e.g. monitoring and maintenance processes. Although the benefits have been well researched, the AR technology has not been widespread yet in the industry. This article discusses reasons why existing approaches have not become established outside the research context. Following this, solutions are examined for three identified problematic areas. First, this article presents a theoretical method to create use cases for AR applications in the product design process based on the Double Diamond design process model. The second main part discusses which device properties are relevant for a production environment. A catalogue of criteria is presented, weighting properties according to their importance. Third, a discussion is described regarding data integration concepts, problems and solutions for AR design and production use cases.

In order to optimize production processes and to avoid errors, it is not only necessary to automate processes, but also to integrate workers wit their individual personality and skill profiles. For this purpose, human factors should be considered in the entire design process. The integrate view of mental human models, the cognitive demand of the working environment and the automation design is essential. Human-Syste Integration (HSI) constitutes a promising approach. Current model-based approaches offer possibilities to analyze and optimize tasks within a overall system, but they still lack integration. This leads to the research question: How can human factors be integrated into a system model of socio-technical, Cyber-Physical Production System? The paper at hand contributes an approach of human factor integration into the procedu of Model-Based Systems Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS). The approach combines a system model of a CPPS wi HSI concepts. In accordance to the benefits of MBSE, SysML is selected to integrate human factors in the development process of a CPPS. Th approach is divided into five steps, which include the extension of the SysML meta model. This allows the optimization of skill-based huma machine interaction. Defined HSI-Profiles enable system developers to integrate employee requirements at early stages within the developme process. The approach is demonstrated by the maintenance of a 3D-Printer as a case example. This research enables system developers to depi individual workers with the help of the developed concepts and systematically integrate them into the development process of a CPPS.

Bionic development approaches are a widespread method of adapting inspirations from nature to technical applications. In case of models which are hard to analyze, a superficial examination is often not sufficient and a microscopic analysis is not feasible due to the delicate biological structure. By reproducing the biological model, a simulation, thus a verification and finally an abstraction with a possible simplification of the desired design aspects can be achieved. To streamline this process, a method for conducting biological kinematics studies is proposed. A kinematic analysis of the cervical spine of American barn owls serves as an example to demonstrate the method. Especially in this case, an analysis of the cervical spine was difficult to perform because, for example, X-rays of the living animal provide only poor image resolution. In addition, it cannot be guaranteed that all possible head movements are executed to the limits during the observation. For the analysis, cervical vertebrae recorded by micro computed tomography are virtually aligned according to the biological model. Based on this virtual model, an abstract kinematic model is established and adapted into simplified technical joints via computer-aided design software. With the help of this model, all possible poses of the cervical spine and thus the end effector position can be determined in a simulation environment by means of inverse kinematics algorithms. The resulting reachability map has revealed that by reducing the individual angles of the vertebrae, or even by removing a whole degree of freedom, it is possible to keep the mobility of the entire system nearly constant. In addition, this reachability map provides important information for biologists, which allows the verification of previously made assumptions about owl’s cervical spine mobility. The bionic design process of kinematics can be streamlined by the method described for reproducing, verifying and transferring biological hypotheses. In some cases this is what makes technical adaptation possible at all. Taking into account the simplifications of the individual movements carried out in this way, optimized actuator concepts can be used in the future and thus more efficient robot joints can be developed.

Increasing automation of road-bound vehicles will lead to autonomous, driverless vehicle concepts. Although vehicle manufacturers are showing visions of such concepts, their design process is still not largely researched. New degrees of freedom will not only eliminate the driver’s workplace, but will also make it possible to pursue secondary activities. Thus, an investigation is needed to determine which customer-relevant properties can be used to describe autonomous vehicle concepts. We present a method to address the new degrees of freedom. The method begins with a definition of the customer structure and leads to the vehicle concept. We also make a proposal for customer-relevant properties of autonomous vehicle concepts. For this, two expert surveys, first expert interviews and second an expert workshop, were conducted and connected with knowledge from the literature. The result is a portfolio of twelve whole vehicle properties. We assert that the developed method with the identified costumer-relevant properties can become the basis for the adaptation of the automotive product development process to autonomous vehicles.

20th CIRP Conference on Electro Physical and Chemical Machining, ISEM 2020, online, 19 Jan 2021 - 21 Jan 2021; Procedia CIRP 95, 688-693 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.procir.2020.02.298 special issue: "20th CIRP Conference on Electro Physical and Chemical Machining / Edited by Konrad Wegener, Moritz Wiessner", Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]

The automotive design process is highly complex and is getting more diverse. With increasing possibilities in modeling, computing and analyzing, simulation driven design is essential to support this process. It has the advantage to reduce costs, time and the risk of wrong decisions. To achieve these benefits verification and validation is crucial, as they define the trustworthiness of simulation models. In the automotive domain, modeling and simulation is growing rapidly, while efforts for the theoretical examination of verification and validation are decreasing. There is a lack in describing the models’ credibility, because conventional validation neglects uncertainties. Since uncertainty in vehicle production is mostly documented especially in times of Industry 4.0, this potential is not used. To fill the gap, this paper develops a concept of a statistical framework, which integrates uncertainties in the verification and validation process of total vehicle simulations with Monte-Carlo sampling. Uncertainties of parameters due to measuring error and calibration, numerical and model uncertainties are considered. The application of the statistical framework in a longitudinal consumption simulation proves that uncertainty can be introduced through statistical validation. The evaluation of the framework demonstrates that it improves the reliability quantification of models and their simulation results. The increased knowledge about the product characteristics supports the simulation driven design process, reduces the risk of wrong decisions and raises the sustainability of products. It provides the basis for statistical validation in vehicle simulation to support transparent decision-making in the automotive design process.

The use of additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been widely adopted due to its facility to produce highly complex elements. Nevertheless, elements fabricated by AM have dimension limitations regarding printers building capabilities (e.g. elements more volumetric than the printers building chamber). A potential solution is to divide elements in sections, which are later 3D-printed and joined using snap-fits. The present work proposes an AM design methodology for elements´ coupling by snap-fit joints. A model division and parts assembly case study is presented to analyze the parts mating design in terms of joining features resistance, support material consumption and printing times.

Valves are mechanical devices for controlling fluid-flow in pipes of different diameter and service pressures used in several industry sectors. Most demanding industry sectors add custom design requirements and require product validation reports many times even before placing valve purchase orders of varying quantities. Therefore, customer and valve developer requirements must be made compatible, design reliably completed and a design validation report created, all as soon as possible. In order to respond to these market constraints, complete valve design process from product planning to product design and validation delivery must be optimized. This paper reports a 96% time reduction in Simulation Based Design validation and reporting tasks obtained by applying Design Automation in a company that develops valves for this market. Additionally, the architecture and most remarkable features of the Simulation Based Design validation and reporting automation are described.

The use of additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been widely adopted due to the facility to produce highly complex elements compared to conventional fabrication processes. Additionally, AM technology is rapidly developing straightforward systems enabling designers to make products faster, despite current technology limitations (i.e. processing defects, materials properties, etc.). However, not only AM technology or products must be analyzed to have concrete solutions to all existing limitations. This means, it is necessary to take into account AM design process to propose simpler solutions. Elements manufactured by AM technology have dimension limitations on build size regarding printers building capabilities, especially when the elements are more volumetric than the building chamber. In those cases, AM design process takes a significant role and a potential solution is to divide big elements in sections, which are later 3D-printed and joined using snap-fits, as the cheapest and fastest connectors available. Thus, the present work explores the detail design stages of a proposed design methodology for elements´ coupling by snap-fit joints using AM technology. The design methodology is tested on the assembly of parts from a 1-gallon plastic container. A finite element simulation for the parts coupling scenarios is presented and the effects of part’s deflection on the detail design stages are analyzed. In addition, a final design validation regarding assembly ergonomics and retention forces are discussed in order to avoid part decoupling problems or material failure.

Suitable product models are essential to support development of complex products like today’s vehicles. Using these models, different views upon the product are represented, product evolution over different lifecycle phases can be documented and communication on and exchange of product information is performed. However, to derive an adequate representation of a complex product is challenging, since on the one hand elements of the product designed by different engineering domains (mechanics, electric/electronics, software) need to be considered. On the other hand, linkages between domain specific models and their elements have to be captured, for instance, to handle changes and derive or test requirements across domain borders. As a basis for adequate models in product design, this paper describes the concept of system views in particular focusing on linkages between elements within the technical perspective. Therefore, linkage types (e.g. spatial relation, material transfer) between product elements are analyzed by a literature review and their relevance for engineering domains involved in the product design process is discussed. In order to trigger and guide cross-domain engineering activities in particular regarding engineering change management and requirements engineering in the vehicle design process, a set of domain-specific and cross-domain linkage types is derived and applied using the vehicle as example. Finally, criteria and a procedure to indicate the cross-domain nature of a linkage type and therefore the need for cross-domain interaction in the design process of complex products are presented.

Rising sales in the past and ongoing predicted growing sales in the future of industrial robots and especially collaborative robots endorse the trend of increasing human-robot-collaboration. Depending on the form of collaboration there are possible application scenarios in which there is no barrier between robot and worker whereby they share a common working space with the possibility of a mutual interference resulting in a potential safety hazard. Industrial robots are often used to perform handling tasks using vacuum gripping systems. But vacuum gripping systems manufacturers face new challenges when it comes to HRC. In case of an outage of all supply energy carrier like electrical power and compressed air the work piece eventually drops after an undefined period of time due to leakage. This can lead to severe damage considering that in case of handling heavy objects like car batteries the weight of said work pieces can reach up to more than 100 kg. Current methods for designing vacuum gripping systems solely focus on either positioning of the gripping point or the transmission of the gripping force between gripping system and work piece. This contribution presents a method of designing a vacuum gripping system focusing on how to determine which characteristics the gripping system should have in order to remain in a safe state for a predefined amount of time after the supply energy fails. This method allows expanding the current design process by implementing the applicability to HRC tasks based on an extended functional analysis. It can be applied to a broad range of use case scenarios as it is based on the use of scalable off the shelf products which are individually combined based on previous calculations especially designed for this purpose.

This paper presents the design process of an assistive device for people with Parkinson’s disease or some level of tremor in the hands. A user-centered design approach is proposed, based on the integration of the tools House of Quality (QFD) and TRIZ in search of feasible and inventive technical solutions focused on meeting users’ requirements. 3D printing was also used as a tool to support and refine the design, through the manufacture of mock-ups and prototypes used in interaction and testing with users. The proposed design process brought relevant improvements in four main aspects: 1) facilitated the communication among members of the multidisciplinary design team (engineers, occupational therapists, end users); 2) provided a clearer identification of the design demands as well as the users’ needs, incorporating them into the process; 3) promoted a reduction in development time as a whole; 4) allowed the generation of feasible and inventive solutions, with functionality and innovation. Preliminary tests with the functional prototype have been conducted with a 60-year-old male with Parkinson’s disease on regular medication use and the single-case experimental design has been applied to evaluate the impact on the quality of the feeding task in terms of performance and satisfaction.

In practice, product developers often do not select the most suitable design process or method for their task; instead, they use the most common or known ones. The reason for this inappropriate selection is the missing knowledge on the relevant influence factors and boundary conditions. These influence factors characterise the context of a development project. Hence, these factors can significantly influence the initial selection and the adaptation of design processes and methods. Therefore, this contribution provides product developers a usable context-model that supports them with the context-dependent selection and adaption of design processes and methods within their development project.

Shorter product lifecycles lead not only to faster time-to-market for products but also to the need for just as fast available associated production systems. These shorter product lifecycles, as well as the increasing individualization of products, also result in further decreasing production lot sizes. Young companies in China in particular are characterized by a very high speed of innovation but may not have the necessary manufacturing knowledge or capacities to bring their developed products to the market with a scalable production. For this reason, there is a great need to quickly set up and commission turnkey production systems or to reconfigure existing production systems for new production tasks in the shortest possible time. This paper describes the design and architecture of a cloud platform with the aim to support a manufacturer independent design process for turnkey production systems. This process ranges from the product to be manufactured to the operation of the production system. Firstly, the structure and methodology used to link the various objectives are discussed. The system for recording and structuring product and production system data to create reusable modules from components and machines is described. Subsequently, the use of standardized modules is developed to support reconfiguration of the production system during operation. In addition, the digital business models tailored to the production system are proposed to the platform user for commissioning and operation of the plant. A case study is conducted to validate the proposed methodology.

Enabled by the third and fourth waves of Information Technology (IT) innovation, together with the sustainable concerns towards a circular economy, manufacturing industries are shifting rapidly towards a service-oriented paradigm in the smart, connected environment, i.e. smart product-service systems (Smart PSS). Owing to its unique characteristics, it reshapes the solution design (product-service design) with several hybrid concerns. This research, as an explorative study, underlines three general ones at the macro-level, i.e. design and redesign as an overall value generation process (hybrid design), human and machine intelligence integration (hybrid intelligence), and technical and business innovation (hybrid value). Accordingly, novel design methods, intelligent systems, and value co-creation models are envisioned at the micro-level to assure industrial Smart PSS solution design success. To make our visions concrete, two prospective application scenarios leveraging abovementioned hybrid concerns are given at last. It is hoped this work can contribute to the future directions of this interdisciplinary research area, and offer insightful guidance to industrial companies in their solution design process with profitable outcomes. NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore) Published version

Industrial Product-Service Systems (IPSS) are an increasingly important and profitable part of the range of offerings of producing companies. Essential for the market success are not only specific design processes and methods but also the suitable integration of the customer. Therefore, a multitude of specific methods and processes have been published so far. The novel approach of this contribution consists in the consideration of the individuality of the design object and of the corresponding design process. Also, the individual requirements and basic conditions of the customer integration are considered. Results to be presented are (i) a procedure to analyze the concrete design object including the goals and risks as well as the basic conditions of the customer integration, (ii) a procedure to plan an individualized customer integration process based on the analysis results and finally, to support the planning procedure, (iii) a collection of current 35 methods for customer integration including a procedure to support the selection of suitable methods according to the individual case. Two use cases provide first indications for evaluation and further development.

Today’s highly integrated product development practices emphasize the need to transform the engineering education from disciplinary to transdisciplinary. This paper is based on the results of an empirical study designed to introduce a common transdisciplinary design process in engineering education. It aims to validate the hypothesis that engineering disciplines in education share a common engineering design process. It describes the methodology for the development of a Transdisciplinary Engineering Design Education Ontology (TEDEO) for eight major engineering disciplines. It proposes a high-level transdisciplinary engineering design process that consolidates a diverse array of engineering terms and concepts into a generalized model.

Design guidelines as a knowledge documentation form is no longer a new topic in industry and science. The first one was already developed in 1954, and since then their number has been growing steadily. Today, design guidelines are published in numerous books, publications and specialist articles on various topics. Through the successful dissemination of design guidelines for traditional materials in industry, this concept of knowledge documentation was also adopted identically for fibre-reinforced plastics. However, there is a significant difference between designing with isotropic classical metals and anisotropic fibre-reinforced plastics. With the latter, the freedom of design is significant greater what allows individual design solutions and thus increases the complexity of design process. This, in turn, places different demands and expectations on design guidelines for this group of materials. The comprehensive analysis as well as interviews with industrial representatives showed, that current design guidelines for fiber-reinforced plastics do not meet the requirements of the industry. Some important aspects, which have a significant influence on product properties and therefore have to be considered in design, are missing holistically. Design guidelines are formulated in a general way similar to those for classic metals, which at most leads to the acquisition of general knowledge but allows not sufficiently its application in specific situations. Furthermore, there is no uniform specification as to how the knowledge should be documented in design guidelines in order to ensure their benefits through the application. This leads to different documentation forms, structure and depth of detail. This paper presents requirements on design guidelines for fibre-reinforced plastics in order to facilitate a good knowledge transfer in industrial fields of application and proposes a solution for a knowledge management system, which supports design engineers in different product development processes by providing relevant situation-specific information.

This paper presents an intelligent conceptual design framework for complex machine tools, which features a back and forth interaction mechanism between human intelligence and machine intelligence, towards a more productive design process. In particular, the focus hinges on the transition between concept generation and concept improvement, where a heuristics-based method is proposed to solve physical contradictions via a human-computer interaction mechanism. Focusing on the design of ultra-precision grinding machine, a case study presents how the framework facilitated resolving the key contradiction between high position servo stiffness and force control compliance, by a novel active grinding force control strategy.

Reconstructive surgery field is looking for sustainable alternatives on its procedures, specifically on affordable alternatives to manufacturing processes for medical devices. This paper outlines a design process to develop 3D printed medical devices for reconstructive surgery in a specific patient who had congenital, oncological or traumatic fracture cases in the face and/or skull. The implementation of the design process strategy was supported using endogenous capabilities and resources at Universidad Industrial de Santander, which could be applied in developing countries. So, this approach might offer solutions adapted to the South American population. For this reason, the research framework was a specific patient implant method, defined by modeling integration technologies, those supported by 3D virtual biomodels, computer-aided design, and rapid prototyping tools. A deep research has carried out with some surgeons within reconstructive surgery field, identifying needs and requirements for each case through an iterative process. Expected results of this paper were a workflow definition for 3D printed medical device development for a specific patient. Five cases were processed through the proposed workflow. From those cases, main identified outputs were related to devices such as implants, prosthesis surgical cutting guides, and pre-surgical planning to be performed. The proposed workflow showed strong viability implementation in future services among different academics and health facilities located in developing countries.

Industrial companies are permanently facing challenges regarding the development of Product-Service Systems (PSSs) due to the integration of different components into a holistic system and the need of integration of several contributors, especially customers, during the design and performance process. The use of prototypes is a promising approach to master these challenges, but if PSS prototypes are currently applied during the development process, the use often intuitively concerns the selection of the prototype as well as the timing of its use during the design process. In a systematic PSS design process, prototypes should be applied efficiently and systematically. Consequently, this paper presents at first a general literature scan regarding suitable PSS prototypes. Based on these findings, a structured state-of-the-art compilation of PSS prototypes is composed. In the following step a PSS Prototype Application Chart, which supports the efficient and targeted use of prototypes during the PSS development process, is introduced. The proposed chart integrates the PSS prototypes into the PSS design process and supports PSS developers to identify a suitable prototype for their individual PSS design project.

The paper discusses experiences from a concurrent product- and automated assembly process-development in a manufacturing company from early design to design freeze. The product is a compact product consisting of a plastic casing housing electronic components which is currently entering production. The company is a high-tech manufacturer operating in a high-cost country delivering safety products in a business to business market. The case study is based on project documentation, analyses of product and assembly concept, lab tests as well as dialogue with the manufacturer and the product designer. The main author was involved in the automated assembly process development and Design for Automatic Assembly (DFAA). The product and the automated assembly line were designed in parallel, throughout the entire product development process; from idea and concept development until the pre-production stages. In the early stages of the project the product was redesigned on a frequent basis, and each new design was evaluated for its automated manufacturability. In this process several DFAA methods were applied. The product designers also produced several prototypes by a plastic additive technology (3D printers) that were assembled in a prototype automated cell to assess product design and assembly solutions, and to reveal weaknesses that were not detected in the analysis. This paper compares the different DFAA methods used such as DFA2, as well as a custom DFAA review spreadsheet. Additionally, the paper discusses the interaction between product design and production process design, and effects on the outcome. Finally, the paper suggests design process improvements and guidelines.

International audience; Multidisciplinary collaboration from different domains and expertises became a necessity to address the environmental aspects in innovative design decisions and development. Designing to Environment involves overlap of information used and created by the diversity of product design expertises. It remains difficult for product designers and environmental experts to interrelate their respective parameters. This prevents product designers to converge toward environmentally aware design choices. This research therefore investigates the use of time Parameter Network Models to follow the emergence of environmental parameters linkage with product designer expertises’ parameters. An industrial cooker hood design process case study explores the co-creation of local environmentally-aware knowledge between product designers based on this parameter linkage. Interesting opportunities are identified to furthermore translate parameter linkage in transformation rules between entities and parameters models. After instantiation such rules would allow dynamic and flexible information exchanges between product designers’ and environmental expertises’ activities along the design process.

This paper investigates a design and development process for Electron Beam Melting (EBM) which incorporates a simulation-driven design process called topology optimisation. Research consists of a review of EBM design principles and validation of mechanical properties for Ti-6Al-4V ELI. Findings are applied to a case study whereby a pair of suspension uprights are redesigned and manufactured by EBM with the objective of mass reduction. Previous studies indicate that optimisation shape controls can potentially minimise the number of supports required for EBM. Meanwhile, a parametric solid/surface modelling approach can allow for greater control of design intent when designing for larger assemblies or structures. Application of the proposed strategy resulted in the case study having a 36 % reduction in mass in comparison to a CNC aluminium design. Whilst the EBM alternative design also yields an 86% reduction in raw material use, there is a sevenfold increase in cost for manufacture alone. This work is an example of topology optimisation being a suitable approach when Designing for AM (DfAM). But, the cost and time constraints associated with EBM limits application of the process to high-performance industries such as motorsport, aerospace, or tooling solutions.

A large part of impacts that will be generated by a system / product during its life cycle are allocated during the earliest stages of the design process. In this paper we propose to trace the evolution of environmental impacts throughout a complex system design process through an industrial case. We follow the stages of a boat design process for maintenance of offshore wind farms. The different architectures sketched throughout the design process are evaluated in order to measure the impact of design decisions on the environmental performance of the system. The problematic of taking into account environmental constraints upstream of the design process abound methods but they often prove inadequate for complex systems whose subsystems interact in complex ways leading to conflicts in the decision of the right parameters. To meet the stakeholders’ needs, that appear (during the design project) in the iterative design process, the initial design is modified to fit the specifications. This iterative path between designers and users leads to uncertainties over the environmental impact of the system. It is then necessary to use smart design support tools allowing a negotiation in definition phase of system specifications. Thus the preliminary design is modified to incorporate changes and contributions occurred during the negotiation phase functional.

Shifting from product-oriented business models to product-service systems (PSS) requires changes and implementation of new ideas related to many business dimensions, such as cultural, procedural, financial, and technological. Searching for new solutions requires creativity. Therefore, the application of a design thinking (DT) approach might help companies in finding innovative value propositions for PSS. DT has the potential to support PSS design processes, even though some practitioners may see DT as a substitute to formalized PSS design processes. In order to understand if and how DT can be used in combination with PSS design process models, this work proposes to identify what are the commonalities and particularities of them. The descriptions of DT methodologies and PSS design process models were treated as a structured content corpus, which was divided in comparable activities based on corpus linguistics and frame semantics. The main findings show that DT is effectively a support and not a replacement to the PSS design process, representing greater integration opportunities with the front-end of innovation (FEI). The detailing and implementation phases of PSS design process have no intersections with DT methodologies, even though DT can be employed whenever creativity is needed.

Based on the analysis of the characteristics for the design process in the complex multi-component coupling rotor system, and considering the fact that the multi-components co-design is demanded in the design process of the performance-driven target coupled rotor system, a PN-PDDP (Petri Network for Performance Driven Design Process) model based on the extended Petri nets is presented. The model defines the libraries of the performance and structure characteristics, the traces Token and firing rules. With the model, the flow process of the various coupled information flow is described, and the conflict resolution mechanism for the conflict information is developed. The model also offers guidance on the construction of the related database and design platform, which will provide the important design tools and implementation means for the design of the multi-component coupling turbopump rotor system in the liquid rocket engine.

Product-Service System lifecycle is characterized by several phases from the initial concept to the final disposal. However, as for conventional products, the profit generation and the market success of PSSs critically depend on the decisions taken during the initial lifecycle stages, when PSSs are conceptualized, designed, developed and engineered. These are hence the phases deserving more attention in order to manage the intrinsic complexity of such systems, taking it in account during the entire PSS life cycle design phase. According to this, one of the main gaps detected in the PSS design process is the lack of methods able to support the early integration of service features during the product design. In this specific context DfX approaches, where X= x-bility stands for enhancing products design considering at the same time service features to be embedded on it (x) according to certain performance measures (-bility), are supposed to significantly contribute. The Serviceability point of view appears to be a critical aspect of the design of product-oriented PSS that has not been improving yet: significant enhancement in this products’ characteristic will only occur if some changes will arise in the way they are designed. Indeed companies still need guidelines able to enhance the PSS design process in a more systematic way. On this basis, due to the main gap of integrating service features in the product design process, the paper presents and defines DfX approaches enlightening, among the several target properties they have been called to improve so far, the most suitable DfX streams detected to solve the reported PSS design issue and to define Design for Product Service Supportability (DfPSS).

The strong coupling among different parts such as bearings, seals, and windings, which are associated with different fields such as tribology, dynamics, and fluid dynamics, should be addressed to design a high-performance hydrostatic spindle. For decoupling and integrating all multisource information, the axiomatic design is using to address the design problems. A mapping with four levels of functional requirements and design parameters (DPs) was developed for the hydrostatic spindle design, and 19 DPs for the physical parts of the hydrostatic motorized spindle were integrated in several parts such as rotor, bearing, and winding. A 19×19 design matrix was built. Using the design matrix, a flow chart for the dynamics design method coupled with multisource information was obtained. The design of a hydrostatic spindle was completed, and the major requirements were assessed. The results show that the dynamics design process and hydrostatic spindle can be optimized using the axiomatic design method.

Peer-review under responsibility of the scientifi c committee of The 10th International Conference on Axiomatic Design. The new era of manufacturing, called industry 4.0, will require the intensive use of mechatronics products. In this context, there are CyberPhysical Systems and Internet of Things (IoT). These are represented by platforms that are integrated through connectivity protocols that permit a wide sharing of information among different devices. The design of these applications requires a methodology that sets requirements by reducing the complexity inherent in the development of these systems. As such, the Axiomatic Design (AD) has the capacity to simplify this kind of design process. This work studies the application of Axiomatic Design to the planning of a system for monitoring and teleoperation through the Internet of a Romi-Galaxy 15M machine tool with CNC Fanuc 18i-Ta, using the open standards OPC-UA and MTConnect. As a result, the functional requirements (FR) were formulated and, consequently, the design parameters (DP), which are represented by classes in an object-oriented application.

During the lower speed precision stamping process, the slide block may jitter or crawl because of the unbalance friction on the guide device, which will influence the quality and precision of the workpiece. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the guiding device on hydraulic press column. Axiomatic design plays a very important role in the optimization design of mechanical products, and it provides a basic scientific framework for the research and design by mapping different domains and refining design process. In this paper, we analyze the guiding device on a large tonnage hydraulic press, and we create the axiomatic design framework of guiding device on hydraulic press column by mapping and refining layer by layer. Through the analysis of the coupling, we optimize the structure of guide device and improve the lower speed precision stamping conditions of hydraulic press.

Modern markets are becoming increasingly competitive emphasizing the importance of achieving Right First Time (RFT) during the early design stage as a key enabler facilitating cost and time-to-launch (or time-to-market) reduction. One of the leading challenges to deliver RFT is the lack of effective methods to model product errors at early design stage. Usually, the assembly process is designed under the assumption of ideal (nominal) products. On the contrary, it has been demonstrated that product errors (both geometrical and dimensional) affect the performance of the final assembly. To facilitate easy decision making at early design stage, new methods and models are required to support design engineers. In this study, a framework has been proposed for early design support to generate product variation. International standard provides guidelines for product control and inspection (ISO-GPS or ASME-GDT however, the integration of tolerance standard into nominal sized CAD models is not yet achieved. Current, Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT) tools mainly capable to model orientation and position tolerance specifications, whereas part shape errors are omitted. This paper presents an innovative physics-driven simulation framework to model shape errors of compliant sheet metal parts at early design stage. The modelling framework consists of three important stages: (i) initial shape error prediction using physic-based simulation, such as, stamping process simulation; (ii) individual orthogonal shape error modes/patterns identification based on decomposition techniques, such as, Geometric Modal Analysis (GMA); and, (iii) simulation of shape error variation classes by assigning distribution to each orthogonal shape error modes. The proposed approach enables to generate shape errors at early design stage of assembly process which can be utilized to optimize the assembly process, including fixture design and joining process parameters. An industrial automotive component illustrates the proposed methodology.

In adopting highly integrated Product-Service Systems (PSS), incentive structures change and the value attainable for providers throughout the lifecycle becomes an issue of growing complexity. Nonetheless, value for PSS providers has up to now not been considered in a multidimensional fashion. In an effort to move towards a characterization of providers value, an offering in the information communication technology sector was examined through an investigation with ten staff-members of Ericsson, Sweden. This led to a value-categorization, which can be utilized in the PSS design process to enhance the value captured throughout the lifecycle beyond immediate monetary benefit. In an effort to provide general learnings, the results are discussed with a focus on PSS business models, PSS design and management communication. Overall, the results presented provide a more comprehensive picture of what a provider has to gain from a PSS offering throughout its entire lifecycle. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V.

International audience; Companies are increasingly selling functionalities of integrated solutions of products and services instead of selling mere products. This integration of products and service solutions is known as Product Service Systems (PSS), which allows to maximize customer value and overcome increasing competition in the manufacturing sector. In this sense, PSS designers require adapted tools to support the design of sustainable solutions. This article aims to address this question by proposing a methodological framework for integrating sustainability considerations into the PSS design process. To this end a review of the peculiarities of the PSS design process was performed and which aims to explore potential ways of integrating sustainability considerations within PSS design. Several requirements have been drawn from PSS design and sustainability literature which contributed towards the formalization of a methodological framework supporting the design of sustainable PSS.

This paper describes the concept development process of three vehicle design team projects carried out in successive years in our fourth year undergraduate studio course, in collaboration with industry. The problem areas for all three projects were unfamiliar to student teams, and our collaboration required close involvement of the firms, for their technical expertise and design feedback. Our framework and strategies for this process involved: user research conducted in the field; group discussions for analyzing the operations carried out by the users and mapping their relation to the functions of the related hardware; scenario building for describing the context within an activity based time-related process and searching for solutions at the same time; the generation of numerous ideas through the matching of alternative scenarios with the project dimensions; convergence of these ideas into alternative design proposals; and decision-making on the final project concepts. User research extended throughout the concept development process, supported with an intense 3D exploration and with class assignments that encouraged goal-oriented teamwork. Although we followed a similar design process in all three projects, the strategies used in the various stages were modified depending on the requirements of each project, and regarding the differences in the vehicle types involved, the users and the tasks.