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In this paper are discussed the tools of marketing communication which the Department of communication of The Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications of Zilinska univerzita v Ziline uses in its activities. Specifically, we pay attention to various areas as advertising, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion. The paper presents a survey of customer satisfaction with the presentation of the Department of communications. We have used a direct survey method, specifically the marketing research. The aim was to find out how students of selected classes perceive level of marketing activities in the field of communication at their department. This set out four key proposals arising from the previous stages of research and analysis. It is an informative brochure for potential students, informative board, innovation of the department's website, and suggestion for promotional products. Planning of marketing activities can be targeted at different defined objectives. In the case of the communication policy of the Department of Communications, this planning is designed to increase the effectiveness of marketing presentations. Through a detailed marketing plan drawn up by the various instruments of communication mix their introduction into the process of using will facilitate.

The ever-changing business environment resulting from changing consumer behaviors, fierce competition and advances in technology affect the strategic positioning of a brand. Maintaining healthy brands or embarking on a rebranding or repositioning strategy calls for a more creative set of branding management competencies in order to respond to the marketing challenges of the 21st century. This research paper attempts to assess brand management competences, attitudes and knowledge important in current business environment, to further accurately design branding-related curricula that truly reflect needs in the contemporary business and professional environment. Using a qualitative research approach, the data was collected from focus group interviews and questionnaires with seventeen management people from the private sector. The results identify the top-rated knowledge and/or competencies needed in branding a business, which are competence in research development, knowledge of brand strategic planning, ability to communicate added value in a clear way, knowledge of brand identity development, and ability to manage and keep the brand management process ‘alive’, respectively. The paper concludes with a discussion of the underlying key implications for both academia and business.

Communicative city can be seen as interface to achieve urban development strategies. This paper focuses on the importance of increasing public awareness as agents of development through the development of communicative city elements where the community becomes more involved in city development process along with the increase and development of technological innovations, without forgetting the local cultural base. This paper focuses on the study of literature and related studies, and then analyze that before the agenda of the technopolis, or the development of cities based technology as the soul of development into growth centers that are innovative, it is necessary to create a conducive atmosphere in stakeholders interest at the municipal level, including the urban community itself to learn and innovate in a way to participate in urban development. Communication in the context of planning as the key to the creation of a coordination based on the development of science as a basis for competitiveness in sustainable city. Results of this paper show that the four keys of a communicative city have a big role to understand the concept of technopolis, and furthermore to make technopolis as the spirit of its development. The four keys of the comminicative city are; to develop condusive communication system between citizens, encouraging community participation, technology support (not limited to information and communication technology), and optimizing processes and procedures of city planning itself.

Purpose. According to the author of the paper, the basic assumption of Corporate Social Responsibility as the management concept, is the conviction that it should be oriented towards not only its own profits but it also should take into consideration social interests and, simultaneously, bring about an increase in the value of the company. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the essence of Corporate Social Responsibility as the source of competitive advantage and innovation on the example of the selected company. Methodology. In the paper there are briefly presented the theoretical assumptions of the essence of Corporate Social Responsibility, followed by the analysis of its impact on the performance of the selected company. There is indicated some basic information on the selected company, with special consideration of the examples of initiatives in the area of Corporate Social Responsibility introduced by the enterprise. There is also made a comparison of the number of clients visiting one of the stores of the selected company and the amount of takings of that store in the selected month of 2013 and 2014. Results. The initiatives presented in the paper, undertaken by the selected company, among others, in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility, so far, have resulted in the achievement of good financial results by them. The actions for the benefit of Corporate Social Responsibility are also reflected by numerous awards and distinctions, achieved by the company, in the categories of customer service and implementation of innovation. The conducted analysis allows for the conclusion that enterprises paying attention not only to the achieved profits but also taking into consideration the social aspect, are able to achieve the leading and competitive position on the market. Summing up, it is possible to conclude that running a socially responsible business, we help not only others but also ourselves. The theoretical contribution. The basic theoretical contribution of the paper is to indicate the essence of Corporate Social Responsibility, and then, to transfer the theoretical assumptions into the practical example reflecting the significance of initiatives of Corporate Social Responsibility developed by the selected company. Practical implications . In the paper, there is presented the practical example of the development of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in the selected company. The indicated specific initiatives in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility, undertaken by the selected company, may bring about the orientation of similar enterprises towards the opportunities to approach the development of the CSR strategy by appropriate social progress, investment of the resources, time and skills to provide the society with benefits. The analysis of the impact of these initiatives on the results achieved by the company, its performance, constitute an actual example of practical implication of the validity of the development of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in this company. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Effectiveness, Business Management. Paper type : Research paper.

Organizational change is a risky and challenging endeavor for any type of organization. There are many aspects to change management and one important aspect is persuasion. Persuasion helps to implement a successful change management program. A social hub is person who has social ties to many other people compared to most people. In popular culture, this type of person is also called a popular person. In organizations, there are popular employees who are in fact a social hub. These employees have influence on other employees and they can persuade others towards a particular belief. In this paper, we investigate the role of persuasive social hubs for organizational change. We believe persuasive social hubs can be used to achieve organizational change. In social studies, it is hard to replicate conditions and isolate certain factors. Therefore, in this paper, we benefit from computer simulations and isolate the effect of persuasion by stabilizing all other factors. Our analysis revealed that using social hubs increase the chance of success in organizational change.

This paper represents an analysis of the concepts of educational marketing and educational market offers in Romania. The paper intends to underline the main actors involved on the Romanian educational market and their predilect manners of presenting themselves on the market. We present the role of the marketing initiatives in the context of the management of the educational institutions, as marketing is an intrinsic component and a function of the institutional marketing. We make a distinction between the general marketing and the educationally focused marketing, on the bases of the market segmenting principles, that are traditional marketing principles, yet relatively new in the educational field. We present results of a research on the factors that lead to decisions in parents or students’ decision in choosing the school, in their relative order of importance. The research focused on the analysis of the factors which parents from Romania consider important when choosing a school in comparison with the factors recognized worldwide.

This paper examines the characteristics of social media consisting a sense of belonging and following an online community in the context of tourism. A representative stratified sample of 301 respondents of foreign arrivals of tourists in the Athens airport, Greece in 2014 collected in June and July 2014 was employed. The sense of belonging was measured when following an online travel community. Results illustrated a statistically significant difference between men and women regarding how important it is for them to belong to an online travel community. In addition, research illustrated and described the shared characteristics of an online travel community. Essential features such as language specification requirements, the association of ideas, the exchange of comments and experiences among members are examined for the first time to date in this context in order to identify the framework of this relation. The paper describes the abovementioned characteristics in regard to belonging to an online travel community. The implications of the findings for companies, authorities and Destination Marketing Organizations concerning the shaping of their marketing and communication strategies and the opportunities that are created are further presented.

Public relations studies emphasize significantly on the issue of public to gain organizational effectiveness. Grunig (1992) discussions on public describing organization's decision affect the public and secondly the public affects the organization's decision. In these situations, strategic management of public relations is required. This paper discusses the development of strategic public, issue and participation in the development of slope area in Bukit Antarabangsa, Selangor. This paper employs the situational theory of publics (Grunig, 1992) and discusses three variables of public communication behavior. Multiple methods of data were collected. This study supports the strategic management of public relations in public participation program planning.

Businesses have traditionally contributed to inclusive growth primarily through philanthropy or CSR. However, these initiatives have a modest societal impact when compared to the impact of core business operations on society. So businesses now have to integrate the social responsibility in their core business operations. Business should address inclusiveness and sustainability in their business strategy and not just as an afterthought. Many companies are now adopting such new business models that can deliver affordable products and services to those living in the middle and bottom of the pyramid. This paper looks into examples of how inclusivity can be made an important aspect of business strategy. This paper will look into how select organisations are running successfully and also addressing the larger societal needs through creative solutions to issues like healthcare, livelihood security, poverty etc which are very characteristic of the developing economies.

Financial literacy of individuals, the factors contributing to the level of financial knowledge, as well as tools for improving financial competence are frequently discussed topics in the academic papers. Most attention is paid to the measuring issues, because this is an initial step of developing a national strategy to enhance citizens’ financial literacy level. Measuring process requires a clear understanding of the concept, underlying components and an appropriate evaluation instrument. The current paper reflects the results of the authors’ conducted survey, based on the sample of 169 respondents. A set of 12 questions on financial matters was developed to detect perceived importance and complexity of financial literacy components, as well as to get financial literacy self-assessment scores. Data was processed by means of SPSS 20.0, applying such methods, as analysis of means, analysis of frequencies and independent samples t-test. Received results assist to precise the content and wording of questions to be included into the questionnaire for evaluation financial literacy level of Latvian citizens.

ECSR is a concept, where companies integrate environmental concerns in their business operations and the interaction with stakeholders, without compromising economic performance. Studies exploring this concept were limited within the area of corporate governance with organizational-level unit of analysis, while the impact of ECSR initiatives on consumer behavior or other marketing constructs is lacking. This concept paper explores relevant ECSR dimensions and its potential impact on customers’ mental image of the organization, and their behavioral response toward the organization. It is hoped this paper would generate interest concerning ECSR as a strategic marketing approach having long-term and positive bottom-line benefits.

In the current scenario, marketers have a major role to play in the development and bringing advancement at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) market by spreading awareness about meaningful consumption, need based consumption, preferential and purposeful spending on the utility products & services and promotion of the village based communities in production and production related activities. In this humongous task, change in the mindset of the marketers, policy and decision makers is collectively foreseen to bring out changes in the ideology and perception of the change makers. This paper proposes for an importance of change in mindset of the marketers ready to enter in the emerging markets with the pursuit of developing and serving the market. Exploratory research design is used as the research methodology to an exhaustive study of the available literature on BOP. The factors that may influence the mindset of the marketers have been extracted from the research papers available in the field of sociology, psychology and management and business studies. The paper foresees the emergence of an understanding through the confluence of scholarly work done within and outside the academic researches done on the BOP consumers. The change in the marketer's mindset is one of the significant enabler in influencing the way BOP market is looked upon as and carries the potential of treating BOP market as equally profitable markets. The study will help the researchers and practitioners to develop and investigate a structured form of research for the issue proposed, which may give direction to few strong empirical researches.

Within the last decade, mainly due to the technological advancements, educational institutions have witnessed a great deal of change. In a constantly evolving environment, all stakeholders have felt a kind of urge to invest in new technologies to provide a better learning/teaching environment for their prospective students and therefore innovation and innovative curricular change has become a fundamental issue in educational institutions. However, while some innovations flourish in some institutions, they simply turn out to be epic fail in some others. This paper argues on the importance of acknowledging the fact that innovative change - especially when it involves technology - is shaped and influenced by contextual factors such as leadership, teachers’ attitudes, institutional policies and context specific norms and values. The current paper firstly aims at focusing on “change” phenomenon and its friction generating nature, and then proposes – and – argues on the relevance of a certain model for the sustainability of classroom innovation.

The corporate social responsibility (CSR) movement has gathered great momentum over the past number of years is now regarded as being at its most prevalent. However, there has been a lack of attention to, and discussion of, CSR in Czech and in relation to education. The paper reports findings from a survey of CSR education (teaching and research) in the Czech Republic. It analyses the extent of CSR education, the different ways in which it is defined and the levels of teaching. The paper provides an account of the efforts that are being made to mainstream CSR teaching and of the teaching methods deployed. It considers drivers of CSR courses, particularly based on historical development and the anticipation of future success being dependent on more institutional drivers. Finally it considers main developments in CSR research both by business school faculty and students, tomorrow's researchers and the resources devoted to CSR research. The conclusion includes questions that detected further research directions.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the causes of poor attitude to work. The past decades have been characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in workers poor attitude. Organizations are faced with poor level of attitudes such as Erratic provision of services has become an increasing persistent problem facing the corporation and seriously affecting the general public, Careless and casual handling of the existing tools and machines and General nonchalant attitude of staff in the discharge of their duties. What are the causes? This crucial and yet unresolved questions has been and is still a source of concern to the owners, customers and members of the community as a whole and is critical for continuous research. Correspondingly, the review of the literature signifies a momentous shortage in this area of research. This study will empirically analyse the causes of poor attitude to work and is enriched by mixed methods such as questionnaire surveys and indepth interviews with respondents from various sectors. An aggregate of 70 questionnaires were analyzed. Furthermore, interviews with 11 staff were conducted. Poor attitude to work has a negative impact on productivity level of the organizations in Malaysia. Some of the prominent findings revealed that Malaysian workers widely held view that Poor Motivation, Inadequate Training and Development and Job Insecurity are the possible causes of poor attitude to work. The findings may not claim to be exhaustive and conclusive, in view of other contextual and external factors that might not have been addressed. Nevertheless, an organization cannot prosper well, succeed, grow or even survive without adequately addressing the issue of poor attitude. This paper provides some insights and practical implications to management of corporations, as a matter of priority to formulate intervention and policies to that effect.

Today we live in an era of design to which everything is relevant . The goal of this article is to relate current changes in economy and culture to design education. This paper seeks to discuss Communication Design education within neo-liberal enterprise culture in relation with marketization processes with reference to critical approach to education, by giving examples from ‘Communication Design Departments’ of universities. As a result, this paper suggests a necessity aiming at human-oriented education in order to create a better society than a market-oriented one.

Many people throughout the world have been suffering from the problems of hunger, health, poverty, unemployment; lack of quality, liberty, independence; and inequality, corruptions, terrorism, wars, population growth, and environmental destruction. It is clear to many people that these problems can’t be solved with the contemporary leadership practices that have generated them. Besides, these problems have been generated in a long time and deep in history, so they cannot be solved in a short time with incremental changes. The solution to these accumulated problems requires radical changes. This paper argues that innovative leadership practices provide such changes that enable leaders to solve these problems. Innovative leadership means introducing something new like an idea, method, technique, process, product, service or discovery to solve current problems and satisfy people's needs at the present and in the future. Innovative leaders can solve current problems with a focus on the future. Innovative leaders have several qualities in common, such as leadership knowledge, skills, values, and talents to recognize the danger of the current problems and anticipate their negative impacts on the future. They are visionary and committed to increasing peoples’ economic, political, and social well-being and protect the environment and the planet, for creating a just society. This paper provides some insights for innovative leadership practices by analyzing some of the greatest innovative leaders of the twentieth century. It is hoped that these insights may help those leaders who are trying to solve the current problems and prevent their negative impacts on the future.

Today in era of cut throat competition a never-ending and relentless contest has now begun to cross the ethical boundaries. The rivalry between the competitors has crept into the lives of consumer too. The motive for higher profits had derived them to do wrong and an unethical practice which is creating harm to societal values and morals. Business environment depicts the actual condition of any society. So to disinfect the society, business environment has to be taken into account. This paper describes how service sectors have begun to degrade values in the desire to profit and high competition scenarios. This paper predicts that the roots of trust, loyalty and understanding have begun to tremble and there is a need of some kind of action. Our research suggests that better complain management, effective service recovery and understanding the cognitive values may sustain harmony, trust, brotherhood, loyalty, values and morality. We have seen that a service recovery pervades confidence and higher purchase intent. This paper is very helpful for the society as caring, sharing and involvement of love and trust among the buyer and seller will certainly helpful to sustain values, ethics and morality. This paper is conceptual in nature and as we find almost no literature on service recovery with ethical approach, makes it unique.

7th International Strategic Management Conference -- JUN 30-JUL 02, 2011 -- Paris, FRANCE, WOS: 000299617400119, Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an important area for organizations and for the managers that work within them and it has subsequently become more apparent within the sport industry where CSR is now an important area of focus for sport related bodies. Aim of this paper is to define the concept of corporate social responsibility, its importance in sport and to conceptualize its value based on some striking case studies carried out successfully by sport related bodies. Documentary research method was used in this study as a data collection method. Further, some striking case studies of CSR carried out successfully by sport related bodies were examined to represent applicability of CSR in sport management. Because of the important role, impact and visibility of sport in society and the ability for sport to address social issues, there is a close integration between CSR and sport. It can be said that CSR is an important aspect that is highly relevant for different sport related bodies and a number of different types of CSR behavior within sport can be ranged. For instance, in this presented paper, some detailed case studies were explored such as sport governing bodies like FIFA, professional sport leagues like NBA, professional sport clubs like FC BARCELONA, individual athletes like FREDERICK OUMAR KANOUTE and sporting goods businesses like ADIDAS engaging in different forms of CSR activities to address social concerns. These sport related bodies use their unique position to help people based on their ethical and philanthropic responsibilities and they can provide some benefits through their CSR approach. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility 7th International Strategic Management Conference

The paper deals with the production of creative capital in the system of professional foreign language education. The XXI century needs specialists performing effectively in the international interdisciplinary environment. Creativity becomes the producer of tangible and spiritual assets of knowledge society since it is capable of resisting standardized thinking and social risks; turning professional knowledge into the dynamics of action. Pedagogy is faced with the task of designing incentives for the personality to implement its linguistic and creative potential in innovational products.

The purpose of the paper is to examine two dimensions of Emotional Intelligence (E.I.), awareness and management of emotions, among the public sector's working groups and specifically in National Centre for Public Administration and Local Government (N.C.P.A.L.G.) and their impact on improving the way they work. The participants in a convenience sample are the employees of N.C.P.A.L.G. The E.I. proved to be an important factor in achieving the organization's goals, cooperation and level of trust between team members. It wasn’t found a correlation between the two dimensions E.I. the punctual and accurate implementation of tasks. The concept of E.I. can be incorporated into certain activities of Human Resource Management as recruitment and working groups’ composition. Furthermore, educational programs aimed at improving E.I. could be designed and implemented in order public administration to be efficient. N.C.P.A.L.G. is the national strategic agent for the development of the Human Resources of the Public Administration and Local Government and delivers specialized officers of rapid promotion. Its mission is to improve the efficiency of public sector services and it was considered the appropriate organization to conduct the survey both in terms of work organization and due to the institutionally strong N.C.P.A.L.G's position in promoting and implementing changes.

This paper aims at bringing to light some weaknesses in smart city projects and holds a rhetorical debate supported by a progressive fraction of the population. Smart city projects are important for urban policies in as much as they allow for a reinvention of territories. We must not only consider the large energy networks and/or technologies, but also take into consideration the distribution and management of tasks and networks run by citizens as they promote civic goodness and social sensibility. The “smart city” is a good programme because it can aim at developing a new form of “modernity and civilization” of the productive platform. Numerous aspects of the territorial policy can enhance the competitiveness of the territories, in particular social cohesion, the diffusion of knowledge, creativity, accessibility and freedom of movement, the usability of the environment itself and the quality of the landscape, as well as the wellbeing of citizens.

Today in economic and management field it is taken for granted that the reason of a tourist service is basically the promotion of experiences. Indeed, tourists travel in order to live unconventional experiences. Consequently, the competitive advantage of the destinations essentially originates from the ability to meet such a need. And yet, which are the suitable tools to make the experience lived by tourists unforgettable? In this respect, the specialized literature offers a wide and multifaceted array of opinions. This essay highlights the problems and the issues of a specific school of thoughts, which sees the experience basically as a vehicle of spectacular suggestion. In this sense, experience and entertainment are quite the same, whereas in order to reach the optimum in the tourist offer it is necessary the building of artificial scenarios. In these scenarios, which can also be defined “dramatic”, the tourist can feel the extraordinary of situations which otherwise may be taken for granted (for example visiting the historic part of the city or going to shopping centers). The building of such scenarios surely confers sensationalism to a mere tour. However, how can these scenarios be included in cultural landscapes already established without somehow compromising also their authenticity? This paper arises exactly from this issue. In the attempt of giving an answer, the issue will be looked at from a perspective which takes into consideration philosophic, anthropologic and sociologic reflection. Therefore, this perspective is inter-disciplinary and basically epistemological. The aim of this essay is to develop a theoretical background feasible in defining an optimal experience. On the contrary, the building of an alternative model of experience is up to the future development of the research.

In a competitive environment organizations are turning towards an important internal wealth, their employees. Because satisfied employees are considered to perform and stay loyal, the present paper examines the viewpoints in the literature regarding job satisfaction and delimits the need to address the variables which influence and explain the high and low satisfaction for the specific Romanian labor market. Additionally, the authors aim to discuss the variable differences between the public and the private sector. The Grounded Theory methodology was chosen due to its ability to extract theory from data. The qualitative research focused on 14 in-depth semi-structured interviews with professionals from the Romanian public and private sector. After a thorough analysis, six main job satisfaction variables emerged with sub-elements. All 36 determinants were included in a new honeycomb model of job satisfaction variables which offers a strategic perspective for human resource management strategies.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a key factor for every large company that wants to keep the attention of the general public (customers, community, business partners, local authorities etc.). Even if CSR is not a binding mechanism, neglecting its importance may harm not only company's perception on the market, but also its strategic market approach. CSR approaches are undoubtedly influenced by the values, motivations, decisions, of those with management roles within companies, so it is important to identify the reasons underlying social involvement in terms of positive and negative aspects that follow out of this range of initiatives. Through this article the authors underline the Romanian context where companies must implement and develop CSR practices using secondary data analyses, and as well they present an empirical qualitative research based on 87 questionnaires. The research instrument used is a questionnaire developed by the authors and the respondents were top managers, HR managers and heads of CSR departments within large companies that operate in Romania. Being a research in progress, relevant discussions and conclusions can be drawn from this paper, providing a detailed image not only about the research process developed but also about the reasons that might determine companies to invest in CSR.

This paper analyzes entrepreneurship education and the development of entrepreneurial competencies of young people in the economic and social context of the 21st century. The main European Union legislative changes, projects and programs related to entrepreneurship education represented a new challenge for performant youth educational systems, as it attempted to create a strong support for their evolution as adults. We briefly outline approaches, ideas, legislative initiatives, methods, technique and specific problems linked to entrepreneurship education, with a view to identify functional aspects, critical issues, solutions design, implementation and performance evaluation of the projects designed to develop entrepreneur competencies. We will offer forecasts of future research directions and perspectives for Romanian pre-university curriculum education focused on key competences and formal and informal programs for: entrepreneurship education, business skills training, counseling and career guidance to youth.

It is highlighted severally that the slow progress of Malaysia third economy transformation is caused by poor collaborations of the innovation ecosystem among education, government, and industry sectors. Without understanding the motivation factors of Malaysia academic citizens towards open innovations, the overall speed of the new economic transformation program will not be accelerated. This working paper, hence has two main objectives; (1) to determine motivation factors that will exert academic citizens’ efforts to participate in open innovation; and (2) to test whether promotion opportunity become a moderator of their motivation towards open innovation. To achieve these objectives, this study proposes a new model of Personal-Environmental Factors which accumulated and developed from comprehensive reviews on motivation theories and empirical findings. The model will be furthered by a quantitative web-based survey method to reach all academic citizens from twenty public universities in Malaysia. It is expected that findings from this study will provide the universities involve as well as the Ministry of Education some key motivation factors which then can be used as a future promotion criteria to motivate academic citizens to collaborate in open innovation actively .

The modern scientific, technical and social progress requires constant renewal and even creating a qualitatively new system of higher professional education. New forms of learning can be implemented through the provision of distance educational services through the modern technologies and the Internet. This is the way to raise the educational level of the population; to raise professional qualifications and to retrain specialists in various fields of knowledge. The paper presents the detailed analysis of researchers’ reviews and special organizations’ reports committed during 2000 – 2012 published in the United States, Europe and Asia. Research has shown that the experience of foreign distance education has a great application future in terms of the quality of modern vocational education in Russia development and improvement.

Undeniably sustainable development issues became mostly discussed issues in higher education field. Universities declare their commitment to sustainable development. Concurrently they take part in transparency actions for sustainable society‘s development and dissemination of particular outcomes (what has been done) in order to engage multiple stakeholders. However rapid grow of innovative technologies importance in universitie‘s daily life usually does not act as sustainability information dissemination channel. Considering to this problem, paper examines which internet resources are used by universities to disseminate sustainability issues and what kind of information is presented on it. To analyze raised questions authors adapted Capriotti and Moreno (2007) tool, which was tested with Lithuanian universities official internet sources. Research findings show that universities websites perform mainly static function, focusing on the content of presentation without possibilities to move on dialogue with multiple stakeholders.

The paper's aim is to demonstrate how Gemricik – a society movement in Bandung city – can more effectively partner with the city residents around Cikapundung River under the rubric of ecopreneurship. An analysis of actual cases of collaboration between such parties informs a suggested public engagement approach. A structured approach to engagement through “the triple drivers of ecopreneurship” towards ecopreneurs society is possible if Gemricik movement understand how to effectively involve the city residents in their work, which provides opportunities for future economic development,yet at the same time produce net environmental gains.

Heritage tourism entrepreneurship is related to the development of businesses in the field of heritage tourism, meaning businesses oriented towards the cultural heritage of the locations. In the 21 st century, businesses have to face enormous challenges, induced by globalization and emergence of new information and communication technologies. More than ever, businesses have to assess consumer preferences, being more aware not just of their physical needs, but also of their aspiration. Social media comes with new challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurship in terms of developing the marketing mix and addressing to the preferences of visitors in tourism destinations. Consumers are now present on social networks due to the Internet development and thus businesses have to move on the on-line environment in order to be more close to the market. The answer to the question “Is this also available for Romanian heritage tourism?” seems positive and the paper will emphasize the role of social media in supporting the development of heritage tourism entrepreneurship in Romania.

The science of teaching innovations is becoming popular in our country today. Isolation of an independent branch of science began with the socio - pedagogical movement, with a conflict between the needs for rapid development of the school and the inability of teachers to implement it. Using of the new increased widespread. In this regard, there was escalated the need for new knowledge, in understanding new concepts of “innovation”, “new”, “innovative process”, etc. The paper aims to show new production tendencies, trying to find out if they can be seen under a sustainable innovation perspective and if their logical action presents a connection to Habermas’ Theory of Communicative Action. Considering the current innovation theories it is worth saying that specific approaches facing environmental sustainability are not common. Based on such scope, Industrial Ecology and Integrated Production Systems are highlighted. They are in the mainstream because they try to guide themselves not just by economic concerns, but also considering the articulation demand among different subjective and objective elements. The tendencies draw proposals to policies’ transformations - regarding production methods - by placing economical, social and environmental dimensions in an inseparable way. (Berkaliev, 2007)

Paper is devoted to actual problem of education and human resource management in field of customs administration and Latvian experience for solving crucial training problem – interaction of custom administration processes and relevant knowledge. Generally training organizers are developing own training programs following objectives of staff development strategies, but custom's community stakeholders - World Customs Organization and world customs administrations together with academics are looking for better training support mechanism, how to create contact points for university and customs internal training and to create qualitative business training programs in the customs area. The aim of research is to describe the mechanism of existing and potential training management. As the result of study the generalized approach for satisfaction of training needs for joint tax and customs administration worked out and proposals on the improvement of training management mechanism is offered. Research based on comparative analysis of literature and practical experience of custom education institutions.

This paper considers corporate blogging as an effective promotion tool. The authors give a review of several largest Western and Russian companies and their successful blogging experience. They come up with the key traits of blogs that differently attract Russian and international readers.

Many organizations help communities through their initiatives involving corporate social responsibility (CSR) or sponsor their employees to embark on volunteer-work through non-profit organizations. Though not obvious, there are three ‘domains of impact’ when such endeavors are encouraged; (1) the person who is volunteering, (2) the community and (3) the donor organization where the impact is less direct. This paper attempts to make these domains of impact more visible, thereby connecting the three domains in such a way that it becomes beneficial for all, a win-win situation. Underpinning this relationship, is a holistic coaching model that can foster growth in all these spheres. The validation of this coaching model revolves around, how an organization can contribute to the wider community in terms of developing infrastructure and people, whilst also developing its own leaders.

The inconsequential perception of internal audit function in Nigerian university system by stakeholders due mainly to ‘customer ignorance’ is a matter of concern. Indeed, there is an apparent disconnection, so much so that the activities and potentials of the function are grossly misunderstood, undervalued, underused and, oftentimes, abused. The objective of this paper is to expound the conceptualisation of marketing internal audit as an imperative to improving the perception of internal auditors as partners in value enhancement, as opposed to being roadblocks and detectives. The importance of building strategic relationships for effective marketing internal audit services in the system is discussed.

The situational theory of publics (STP), one of the most popular public relations theories, provides a mechanism for the identification of publics and their communication behaviors. The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS), an extension of the STP, is a more general theory of communication that looks at antecedents of individuals’ communication and information behaviors in the process of problem solving. This conceptual paper reviews the application of STOPS to see the relevance of this theory in the context of organization (university) and publics (alumni) in solving the problem of employability. This study explores the essence and practice of public relations practitioners in The National University of Malaysia (UKM) in enhancing the reputation of the organization.

Indonesian legislative election might be the largest election in the world. Many legislative candidate competes to win legislative positions in national or provincial and regional level. Political marketing strategies should be implemented to gain public trust and image. Many methods are used as political marketing media, such as using public transportation as transit media. This paper discusses the effectiveness of using public transportation as transit media as political marketing media by legislative candidates. From the observation, the usage is ineffective because the characteristic of Public Transportation. Moreover, this campaign method brings consequences such as public ignorance, discomfort, and horizontal conflict.

Consumers are exposed to the risks and threats due to the usage of unsafe or substandard products or services. However, they should empowered themselves with the consumerism knowledge through formal or informal education. It can help the society to understand what their role in being the conscious consumer. The purpose of this paper is to know the consumer education in Malaysia has achieved their target in a way to create the awareness among public. Based on findings, it can be concluded that consumer education was not commencing in the streamline education system whether in primary, secondary or tertiary.

The purpose of this paper was to research the role of communication in destination marketing by analyzing the destination marketing campaign of Tallinn European Capital of Culture 2011. The research had a practical focus on determining the goals, if and how were they reached. In addition, attention was paid towards the obstacles of implementing the strategies. The research was conducted by qualitative in-depth interviews with 5 Tallinn 2011 specialists in order to map their opinions, feelings and experiences about communication as a part of destination marketing. The results showed that the destination marketing of Tallinn 2011 would have been unsuccessful without communication. Despite of unforeseen events and political communication, the team of Tallinn 2011 was able to play a decisive role in the destination marketing campaign of TECoC, promoting the city successfully with the most cost-effective ways possible. In its endeavour to prove the willingness of being a European worthy Culture Capital, it can be said that the common practice of communication and destination marketing was contradicted in the sense that unrealistic promises were communicated to target audiences but as the interviews showed, it was the ramification of series of unforeseen events and cannot in any way be blamed on the team of Tallinn 2011.

Academic literature examining the expected adoption rate of gamification in marketing campaigns is nonexistent. Peculiar, as gamification's primary goals perfectly align with three core-marketing concepts: engagement, brand loyalty and brand awareness. Marketing executives interviewed for this study agree that the potential impact is promising. As a consequence, we expect the adoption rate to accelerate in the near future. The knowledge contained in this paper facilitates marketing agencies in making a more informed decision on whether to enter the gamification market and provides directions for future academic research.

The dissemination of online information services into higher education has led to constant changes in students’ learning behaviour. Nowadays they use services like Google and Wikipedia most often not only during free time but also for studying. At the same time, traditional information media such as the textbook or the printed hand-out from the teacher still form basic pillars in their learning environment. To measure the whole variety of media, that are used for learning, an international long term Media Survey in Higher Education (“MESHED”) was set up by the authors. It aims to get detailed knowledge about how students use media for study from an international and a long term perspective. This knowledge shall be used to develop recommendations for university media strategy, make prognoses for future media trends in higher education and to figure out influences of external dimensions on the media usage. Beginning with a first survey carried out at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany in 2009, currently (October 2013) a total of 30 surveys in ten countries were, or currently are carried out. The survey uses a fully standardized questionnaire that measures the acceptance of 48 media services, such as Google search, library catalogues, printed books, e-books, printed journals, e-journals, e-learning-services, virtual class, Wikipedia, open educational resources, bibliographic software and more. It also measures adjacent areas, such as the learning behaviour, study success, media usage during free time, usage of IT hardware, education biography and sociodemographic factors. This paper focusses on the results of a survey that was conducted at the University of Barcelona (UB) between March and June 2012. There, about 1,000 samples were collected. The data showed an intense use of a broad variety of media among UB students. Though, not all media services were accepted equally: while especially some university external services, such as Google web search or Wikipedia were used by almost every student, other media, e.g. virtual learning services were used on a very low level. An exploration of hidden structures of media usage behaviour, using factor and cluster analysis revealed that especially text and text related media (books, eBooks, library catalogues) seem to have a positive effect on the learning success. A comparison of the Barcelona sample with the data of other countries showed some communalities, e.g. a high usage of Google and other external services. But there were also hints to cultural differences, such as an explicit maverick or non-social learning behaviour of Spanish students. This general tendency also appears in the media sector where they tend to use information media and, compared to students from other countries, use less social media. An additional survey in Canada/Ontario has been conducted in January-February 2013, and at the moment the third survey at the KIT is running. Especially some of the results from Canada show specific aspects, that might be interesting to be compared to the Spanish and German findings.

This paper presents a model of multiple strategic orientations based on a case study of Cumbria Libraries, a public library service in the North West of England. The model illustrates the complexity of strategic issues in public libraries and discusses the library as a societal organization with multiple stakeholder perspectives. The case study is part of a wider study, and the results presented here focus on a strategic model that emerged from the case study. The model is based on community orientation as a form of market orientation, in combination with other multiple strategic orientations that combine to add value for the library, the community, managers, staff, politicians, community partners, users, and the County Council. A key implication for the service is the need for strong leadership. This leadership is critical in managing the complexity, and in motivating staff and community stakeholders towards offering a cohesive, and relevant service suitable for community needs.

This paper addresses health regulations within the business context, as well as the action plan developed by REPSOL. Occupational health is firstly linked to the medical dimension, and secondly to occupational risk business policies aimed at promoting workers’ health and safety. Such an issue is of paramount importance for social, economic, personal and business development; all of which requires both knowing the appropriate measures to prevent, identify and resolve risks arising from work activities, and promoting educational initiatives fostering the appreciation of healthy behavior. The analysis of REPSOL's in the Region of Murcia in the past five years, allowed us to profile the type and quantity of courses offered, and know the number of employees trained. In the last 5 years REPSOL CARTAGENA has offered over three thousand training courses, of which 422 dealt with risk prevention in the workplace.

This paper focuses on the issue of effective web-based corporate sustainability communications to influence consumer awareness and perceptions. Studying the dedicated corporate sustainability websites of Hennes and Mauritz H&M AB and Primark Stores Limited, a qualitative multimethod two-stage research design was applied consisting of a website analysis and twelve semi-structured consumer interviews. The results show that the existing corporate images influence the interviewees’ perceptions of the web-based corporate sustainability communications. The developed conceptual framework illustrates the importance of a clearly structured website with visualized, objective and sustainability-specific content to positively influence consumer awareness and perceptions.

Local government or better known as the local authority vested with the power to plan, develop, and regulate businesses in the area within its jurisdiction plays a significant role in creating a conducive environment for businesses to grow and flourish. In playing this role, employees in local authority must possess a certain degree of innovative work behavior. This paper reports on a study that investigated innovative work behavior orientation among employees of the local government. A total of 100 employees of a local city council responded to a self-administered questionnaire on innovative work behavior. The results revealed that respondents scored a moderate high orientation on the innovative work behavior scale.

Informed debate can generate democratic consensus over controversial issues, effective engagement can bring about better policy directions, improved local services, possibly new ways to initiate or plan for a particular situation and a better understanding of the local context by technical experts and community members. Moreover, any transport policy should be simulated first and its impacts assessed with a proper DSS. A case study in which local authority did not work in this direction is represented by the new bike lane in the city of Napoli in the south of Italy. Indeed this intervention was introduced without making first any impact evaluation (i.e. on traffic or on the local economy) or reaching the consensus among the retailers where the lane was designed. Furthermore the bike lane was not built as part of the wider traffic master plan and thus no political consensus was achieved as well. This paper attempts to analyse the effects of this way of acting and supports the philosophy that “mobility to be sustainable” should be conceived in this way.

In the light of recent events, like economic “crisis” started in 2008, or notorious Enron scandal, has arisen an increasing demand of ethics courses in universities’ curriculum. If in Western European countries, this process of topics integration like corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability, ethics or associated terms, have known an extensive growth, in developing countries, like Romania, its assimilation and design of a new curriculum still remain a challenge. In this paper, I offer a requirement overview of ethics business education in Romania. From the analysis of the CSR integration in the Romanian business, I summarized a set of key topics, which should be found in university curriculums, in order to provide students with skills and knowledge that allow them to manage sustainable businesses. I then looked over five business universities’ curriculum, and tried to identify those key topics, and concluded with suggestions regarding the design of accountability curriculums.

Collaboration between universities and private sector is a key to increase innovative performance of an economy. Linkages between academia and industry may take different forms largely pending on the local context. In Kazakhstan direct partnerships between universities and business entities are rare and not very well developed. This paper studies the attitudes of telecommunications companies towards knowledge collaboration with universities and outlines the factors hindering university- industry collaboration. The discussion builds on data collected via self-administered questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with the representatives of 28 telecommunications companies. The findings reveal how these opinions depend on size and origin of businesses. This study makes a contribution by exploring this issue in the case of an emerging economy (Kazakhstan) and provides policy advice on the development of government strategies to foster such university-industry partnerships.

Communication climate is of paramount importance in an organization as it contributes to the effectiveness and success of an organization. The communication climate of an organization may influence the atmosphere in the organization which either encourages or hinders horizontal, upward or downward communication among the employees. In organizations with defensive climates, employees have the tendency to abstain from communicating their needs, as they become very cautious in making statements, and may have low level of motivation. On the other hand, organizations with supportive environments encourage active participation, healthy exchange of information and constructive conflict resolution. Instilling collaborative communication climate in an organization however requires effective management of conflicts. This paper reports a study conducted in a high risk work environment of an oil and gas company, in which the personnel have to work with volatile chemicals and heavy machines. The communicative behaviors in such hazardous environments are not to be taken lightly as communication errors could lead to fatal incidences. The study thus investigates the impact of communication conflict strategies used by the personnel on the overall organizational communication climate in a high-risk workplace environment. A set of questionnaires were administered to employees at all levels in the organization working at the administrative office and at the gas plant. One hundred and twenty five employees responded to the questionnaire, which attributed to more than fifty percent of the total population. The findings discuss the impact of various communicative strategies used in conflict management on the organizational communication climate. The overall findings suggest that conflicts management is related to the roles the personnel play in the organization. In assuming the leadership role, the top management's approach to conflicts include confrontational and compromise, instead of non-confrontation and control, which have a degree of impact on the communication supportive climate. The executives, technical staff, non-technical staff have different approaches in conflict management strategies.