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Diabetes mellitus accompanying tuberculosis complicates the course of the latter and remains a topical problem of phthisiology. Surgical treatment of patient with both conditions presents a high risk and is employed unreasonably rarely. The results of medical (173 patients) and surgical (107 patients) treatments were studied in patients with destructive tuberculosis concurrent with diabetes mellitus. Analyzing early and late results of treatment showed a more steady-state effect in the group of surgically treated patients. Thus, surgery should be desirably used in all patients with preserving destructive changes after the basic course of antibacterial therapy.

Bronchial plastic reconstruction has been performed in 136 patients aged 8-82. Of them 86, 23, 1, 6, 13, 6, 1 had cancer, carcinoid, sarcoma, benign tumor, nonspecific stenosis, post-tuberculous stenosis, traumatic detachment of the main bronchus, respectively. The patients underwent: lobectomy (101 operations), bilobectomy (24 operations), bisegmental bronchial resections (2 operations), isolated bronchial resections (9 operations). An original technique of narrowing of the central stump in circulatory bronchial resections is described. Neither postoperative complications in anastomoses nor lethal outcomes were recorded. In all cases of nontumor stenosis and benign tumors functional benefits were achieved. A 5-year survival of cancer patients reached 66.7%. The procedures and surgical outcomes are discussed.

Incompetence of the main bronchus within the first 3 postoperative weeks (early incompetence) is proposed as a criterion of efficacy of the main bronchus closure in pneumonectomy. The authors have performed 495 pneumo- and pleuropneumonectomies according to 5 original techniques. No cases of the main bronchus incompetence were registered. Indications to each of the bronchus treatment techniques are detailed.

For the last 3 years 77 reconstructive and plastic operations on the trachea and bronchi, including 25 pulmonectomies with tracheal bifurcation resection, were performed at the Chelyabinsk regional antituberculous dispensary. Postoperative complications were registered in 11.7% of the cases. Postoperative mortality (3.9%) is not associated with surgical complications. In 5 cases of left upper lobectomies with a circular resection of the primary bronchus, an original mobilization technique of the lower lobe of the left lung, enabling one to exclude the tension of an anastomosis and decrease the volume of hemithorax after resection, was applied. The rise in death from cancer and other diseases of the tracheobronchial tree with concurrent tuberculosis in some cases makes it advisable to widely integrate phthisiology and pneumology.